Abstract: The article duscusses both traditional application of metaphors in art, literature and cinematograph and less traditional application of metaphors (in social studies, professional vocabulary). Metaphors were first used in literature and scientific vocabulary not so long ago. Based on the example of the interest of the Soviet society towards  the Lesser Dutchmen after the war, the author makes an attempt to understand the cause of their latent attraction to bourgeoisie. The author also analyzes the phenomenon of the Soviet middle class culture as a gnoseological factor of the USSR dissidence. Metaphor is also viewed as a social indicator. 

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Abstract: As the follower of literature-centered views on basic cultural phenomena, the author of the article applies his approach  to understanding of multidisciplinary interaction between culture (especially literature) and the humanities and puts forward the hypothesis of literature-determined genesis of sociology and all the humanities in general. By providing the insight into the history of humanities, he tries to prove that there is a certain relation between literature (documentaries first of all) and social studies. The author of the article studies the reasons of 'literaturizing' Russian sociology. These reasons include the fact that the process of formation of social studies coincided with the so-called 'silver age' in Russian litrature as well as the fact that the founders of Russian sociology (M. Kovalevsky, E. De-Roberti and P. Sorokin) participated in... Fremasonry. 

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