DOI: 10.7256/2409-7144.2016.6.18254

Abstract: The subject of this research is the state policy of Russian Federation in the area of science and technologies. The author thoroughly examines various approaches towards the determination of such category, and underlines the issue of insufficient research within the framework of political science. Indeed, the majority of works dedicated to the questions of state scientific-technological policy has been published by the representatives of other social sciences – economics, sociology, history, and juridical science. Special attention is given to the methodology of research of the state scientific-technological policy. The author’s main contribution consists in the following: substantiation of the position according to which the state scientific-technological policy should be interpreted not as a unilateral state activity, but as a result of cooperation between the authority and the various institutions of civil society (including scientific community); substantiation of the legitimacy of implementation of the systemic dynamic approach towards the research of state scientific-technological policy.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.9.13276

Abstract: Activity of socially oriented non-profit organizations acts as an object of research within the present article in the course of formation and realization of the state scientific and technical policy. Relevance of a case in point is caused by crisis of system of party representation and, as a result, special attention of researchers to activity of nonparty institutes of a political mediation to which it is obviously possible to carry also socially oriented NPOs. In the context of the declared subject it is thought important to pay attention to the following tendencies characterizing modern practice of public administration by science: a) increase in number and a variety of official structures for ensuring access of representatives of the interested public groups to formation of scientific policy, science funding and an assessment of its efficiency; b) increase in a role of the financing structures of an intermediate level, internal for science; c) development of partnership between various organizations and structures which are carrying out researches and development. System and dynamic approach to the analysis of a state policy and activity of socio-political institutes acts as a methodological basis of the real research. Scientific novelty of article consists in originality of the applied system and dynamic approach which consists in understanding of the specified activity in three aspects: a) spatial (from positions of institutional structure of subjects, and also area and the main directions of a state policy); b) temporary (i.e. the analysis of activity of the studied objects at different stages of their life cycle); c) technological (i.e. the analysis of methods and technologies of interaction of various socio-political institutes within the considered processes).Basic possibility of application of system and dynamic approach locates in article at research of activity of socio-political institutes (specifically - socially oriented non-profit organizations) in the course of formation and realization of a state policy.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.7.12801

Abstract: The present article is devoted to problems of formation and realization of the state scientific and technical policy in modern Russia and to participation of various political institutes in this process. Relevance of the considered perspective as it is represented to the author, is that, despite visible stability, the Russian political system dynamically develops now. It, in particular, finds the reflection in expansion of processes of formation and realization of a state policy, including its such important direction, as policy in the field of science and technologies. System approach which provisions develop and supplemented with the author in relation to studying of processes of formation and realization of a state policy acts as a methodological basis of research. The main issue allocated by the author as scientific novelty is system and dynamic approach to the studied processes. So, According to internal logic of the most state policy it is expedient to assume that it has at least three measurements: spatial, temporary and technological. The first is interfaced to area of implementation of a state policy, and also to those political institutes and government bodies which are involved in this process. The second assumes allocation of a number of stages of life cycle of a state policy, namely its formation, realization and an assessment of its productivity and efficiency. The third means a key role of technologies of interaction of society and state in the considered processes. From positions of this approach the author considers the model of the state scientific and technical policy which developed in nastoyashshchy time in Russia and gives its developed characteristic.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2014.3.11121

Abstract: The article is devoted to the influence of the type of political system on the model of formation of state policy and extent of participation of various institutes of civil society in this process. According to authors, need of detailed consideration of interrelation like political system and nature of processes of formation of a state policy it is caused by change of paradigms both in political science, and in science of public administration. Under these conditions the analysis of development of technologies of formation of a state policy becomes one of the most important problems of political science. Starting point of research authors see typology political systems and the characteristic of their distinctive features. It is thought proved as the main criterion for classification of political systems to use degree of their openness that is rather boldly reflected in David Easton's classification. Further classification of models of formation of a state policy is given in article. Characterizing the main approaches to formation of priorities of a state policy, authors develop V. V. Lobanov's allocating political, subjective and objective approaches idea. Approach dominating now in Russia in article is designated as state and administrative, representing synthesis of objective approach and separate elements of the subjective.Authors note that one of key problems of interaction of the state and civil society is the problem of degree of publicity of processes of formation and realization of a state policy.In the article the author's treatment of a ratio of types of political system and models of formation of a state policy then the developed characteristic of tendencies of development of political system of Russia and an assessment of prospects of development of dominating model of formation of a state policy is given consistently reveals.

DOI: 10.7256/2306-0158.2013.10.9489

Abstract: The article is devoted to the nature of participation of various institutions of civil society in formation of the national research and development policy in modern Russia. This is a subject matter of the scientific research conducted by the author. In this regard the author raises a problem of publicity of state policy in general and research and development policy in particular.Describing the main approaches to formation of priorities of national policy, the author develops V. V. Lobanov's idea. Lobanov defined political, subjective and objective approaches to the problem. The current approach used by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation is described by the author of the article as a 'national and administrative' approach representing combination of the objective approach with certain elements of the subjective approach. Further the author of the article describes the role of institutions of civil society in formation of the national research and development policy and as well as the role of the government as a moderator of this process. Analyzing views of a number of researchers who studied the problems of development of civil society, the author makes a conclusion about insufficient degree of openness and publicity of the specified process. In particular, the author stresses out very insignificant role of political parties, weakness and small number of specialized NPOs and the lack of a good dialogue between the state institution and academic community concerning definition of priorities of the national research and development policy and reformation of Russian science.