DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2016.5.20726

Abstract: The subject of this research is the work of the manufacturers of food products and its influence upon provision of food security of the Russian Federation. It is substantiated that the primary object of the innovation activity of food manufacturers in the conditions of strong competition, growing demands of the consumers, as well as increase in external limitations and threats that hinder the development of the Russian food market, the quality of these goods is the crucial factor of their competitive ability. This research is aimed at determinations of the status and trends of the innovation activity of food manufacturers and prerequisites for its activation in the aspect of achievement of food security in Russia at the present stage. The characteristics is given to the influence of innovation upon provision of the quality of the produced goods in manufacturing country. The author analyzes the trends of innovation activity of the local manufacturers of food products. It is demonstrated that the provision of food security of the country is impeded by the low portion of innovation products in overall volume of products produced in the country, and also the emerging trend in decrease of the volume of technological innovations into the quality of these products, primarily in costs for research and development, as well as acquisition of the equipment. It is determined that the main driver in increasing the level of innovativeness and scientific capacity of the Russian food products lies in the process of import substitution that is intended to ensure high efficiency of the domestic production of the quality and competitive food products. The author highlights that the negative trend consists in decrease of the consumer ability of the country’s population regarding the food products. The essential task of the state economic policy in the area of ensuring food security of Russia consists in development of the effective measures that allow overcoming the existing negative trends,  as well as turn import substitution into a mechanism, which is able to activate the innovation activity of food manufacturers towards the improvement of its quality and competitive performance, and thus, increase the food security of the country.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7802.2016.3.18720

Abstract: The article is devoted to the stages and trends in the development of the mortgage lending market under crisis. In this article the authors analyze development trends with today's mortgage lending market in Russia, describe three periods of the mortgage lending market development (2008 - 2009, 2010 - 2014, and 2015 - up to the present day), and compare the aforesaid periods; and offer measures that are supposed to take the mortgage lending out of crisis. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the situation with the mortgage lending market in Russia which had already started in 2008 reached its climax in 2015. The main feature of the current stage of crisis is to decline in income and economic activity and, consequently, paying capacity of actual and potential mortgage borrowers taking into account the breakdown of external financing of the banking system and fast inflation rate. To achieve the research objective and substantiate theoretical provisions and practical recommendations, the authors of the article have used the abstract-logical, analytical, comparative, economic statistical research methods and comparative analysis using official banking statistics. As a result, the authors have obtained statistically valid data about development trends of the mortgage lending market in Russia at different stages and define the biggest areas of concern, describe peculiarities of the current stage and outline the main ways to take the morgage lending market out of crisis. Taking into account the country's actual financial capacities, it is necessary to undertake measures that do not require a radical reconstruction of economic mechanisms or considerable budget costs. These measures include improving mortgage programs so that they do not increase credit risks but ensure availability of mortgage lending for broad layers of the country's population; changing the format of mortgage lending towards creation of credit unions; and increasing efficiency of the government monetary policy in the sphere of mortgage lending through finding the balance between tools and instruments thereof.