DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2016.5.14897

Abstract: This article conducts the analysis of the processes of commemoration implemented in the city-hero Volgograd in the post-war period, as well as their correlation with the projects of national identity. Based on the examination of memorials erected in the Soviet and post-Soviet period, dedicated to the Soviet soldiers who died during the Battle of Stalingrad, it is stated that the process of commemoration are grounded due to the presence of the project of national identity within the collective conscience of the society, which is genetically structured into the concept of “ideal society”, or social duty. This project is a so-called goal of historical development, which defines not only the vector that substantiates the possibility of existence of the historical path within social conscience, but also the process of structuring of historical memory. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, memory begins to be subjected to “dispersion”, which manifests in the processes of commemoration and their results. This process of “dispersion” of historical memory of the Battle of Stalingrad, which started the commemoration during the post-Soviet era, is based on many projects of national identity created by separate nationalities, representatives of regions and individuals, thus establishing new personal or collective identity outside the total Soviet project.  

DOI: 10.7256/2409-868X.2015.5.15691

Abstract: This article presents the analysis of the processes of commemoration of the historical memory about the city of Tsaritsyn, which were carried out on the territory of Volgograd during the Soviet and post-Soviet eras. Based on the results of examination of various monuments – the results of the commemoration processes – dedicated to the history of Tsaritsyn – it is stated that there is a genetic correlation between the processes of commemoration and the perceptions on the nature of the history. During the Soviet time, which was dominated by the perception on the linearity of historical timeline and its progress, the history of Tsaritsyn integrated into the Soviet history after the October Revolution. As the result of this research, the author reveals that the working memory of the residents contains mostly the memories on the Battle of Stalingrad, which determines the historical value. During the post-Soviet time, existed the practice of conversion of the memory about the Red Tsaritsyn from accumulative into working memory mode, which greatly depended on the opportunity that was presented by the historical metanarrative. Due to rejection of the metanarrative, the memory on the pre-revolutionary Tsaritsyn could not be referred to as memory-trauma about the sacral battle, which led to the “breach” of the historical memory.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8698.2015.2.16059

Abstract: The article is devoted to consideration of semantic genesis of the word ritter in the sredneverkhnenemetsky XII-XIII language of centuries. Semantic genesis of the word is analyzed by means of the appeal to German-speaking sources of the considered time period, and also to the latest developments of a modern German-speaking media studies. On the basis of the done analysis it is claimed that originally, in a German-speaking medieval universum, the word ritter had no general semantic connotations with widely known image of the noble soldier on a horse which completely are established only by the end of the XIII century. The leading method of research is the etymological analysis in its application to the XII-XIII Middle High German language of centuries. It is proved that the happened transformations of sense were caused by dialectic interrelation of two historical factors: first, growth of the feudal relations which promoted formation knights striations with self-understanding inherent in it and a self-name; secondly, "symbolical import" which was carried out by the German emperors from France as standard of the strong and independent royalty.