Конституционные права и свободы: судебные и административно-правовые средства обеспечения (российский и европейский опыт)

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Abstract: The article considers the problems of correlation of such functions of judicial bodies of constitutional control as the legal protection of constitution and the protection of human and citizen’s constitutional rights and freedoms. Relying on the analysis of a range of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the bodies of constitutional justice of the states of Central and Eastern Europe, the author concludes that these bodies often change the essence of constitutional regulations. Particularly, the constitutional courts put the wrong construction on the constitutional regulations which provide the right to life, impose a ban on capital punishment and euthanasia even with the absence of this rule in the constitutional regulations. The decisions of the judicial bodies of constitutional control can also change the subject of constitutional rights (introducing the right to life for an unborn child). The methodology of the research is based on the up-to-date achievements of epistemology. The author uses the general philosophical and theoretical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, and modeling), the traditional juridical methods (formal-logical), and the methods which are used in specific sociological research (the statistical methods, expert evaluations, etc.). At the same time, the analysis of practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the bodies of constitutional justice of the states of Central and Eastern Europe shows that in the process of their main goal achievement these bodies not only decide about the constitutionality of the legal act, but also form their attitude towards the legal problems under consideration, i.e. their legal position which contains the interpretation of constitutional regulations which provide human and citizen’s right and freedoms. Simultaneously, the judicial bodies of constitutional control specify the essence and the content of constitutional regulations with regard to the sphere of public life which is regulated by law or other normative legal act, the constitutionality of which is being verified. The approach to the legal position of the constitutional court as an obligatory interpretation of constitutional regulations is conventional in the modern constitutional law studies in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe states. 

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