DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.2.70304

EDN: SMRWTU

Abstract: The article examines the system of urban planning regulation and rationing of mass sports facilities in the largest cities of Russia. The lack of an interconnected system of sports facilities with the planning features of the largest city is one of the most important problems considered in the article. Rationing and regulation are the most important tools for the implementation of any infrastructure systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of the necessary transformation of the system of urban planning regulation and rationing of mass sports infrastructure facilities for the largest cities, taking into account their intensive growth and development of agglomeration processes. The evolutionary development of the system of urban planning regulation of sports infrastructure is considered. To analyze modern regulation and rationing, the documentation of twelve major Russian cities (urban planning standards, master plans, rules of land use and development, infrastructure programs) was analyzed. Based on the analysis of normative documents of three stages of the development of the urban planning regulation system: Soviet (1922-1991), post-Soviet (1991-2000), as well as the modern stage (2000-2023), the main trends and aspects inherent in each stage of regulation of sports infrastructure were identified. Their influence on the modern system of urban planning regulation is determined. An assessment of urban planning standards is proposed according to five criteria: standardized types of sports facilities, their spatial levels, the number of indicators, the provision of facilities for the population and territorial accessibility. The rating of the cities was compiled based on the proposed assessment. The main problems of urban planning regulation and standardization of sports infrastructure facilities are identified. Recommendations for improving the urban planning approach to the formation of sports infrastructure facilities for mass sports in the largest cities are proposed.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.2.70376

EDN: GPTGDH

Abstract: The problem of the life cycle of cities located in extreme climatic conditions of the North is studied. For the first time it is stated that the northern settlements have to be split-off into a separate category speaking about the concept of the city life cycle. It is emphasized, that there is the fundamental difference between the territories of extreme climatic conditions of the North and regions in the south. The subject of the study is represented by factors that influence on the appearance of the northern city and the duration of its life cycle. In the course of the study, three main factors were identified: 1. Features of the physical and geographical conditions of the area, 2. Possible functional purposes of the main vectors of the city's development, 3. Substance of the population. The groups of parameters that regulate the variability and the main essence of each of the proposed factors are also described. First of all the research methods involve the analysis of the references and the approaches of defining the concept of city life cycle. Further, by induction method, the factors influencing the city life cycle duration and the appearance of the northern city are formulated. The result of the study is to demonstrate the approach of the formation of the typological appearance of northern settlements. A factor-by-factor analysis is proposed – sequential analysis of the main factors determining the nature of the settlement (climate, functional vector of development, population), and then the choice of architectural, spatial and planning characteristics of the settlement (such as: solving the issue of interaction with the climate; mutual location of functional zones; estimated life of the building; the principle of territory development; interaction with the environment). It is emphasized that the northern city life cycle depends on these factors. The prospect of further research boils down to the formation of a matrix of possible typologies of the northern city, depending on the extremes of climatic conditions, the presence of vectors of functional development, the composition of the population, as well as its architectural and urban appearance.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2024.2.70363

EDN: YERHWV

Abstract: In the article, the author examines the use of the concept of "healing architecture" in order to organize inclusive spaces in such facilities, such as cultural and entertainment institutions, as well as methods used in the design of inclusive theaters designed for people with physical or psychological disabilities, the main techniques used to create a comfortable environment in such projects. The main object of this research is inclusive theater spaces. The main purpose of the study is to explore the possibility of organizing inclusive theaters using the methods of the "Healing Architecture" concept used in the organization of medical and rehabilitation institutions. In the course of the work, the method of analyzing research on the topic and existing projects was used, as well as theoretical analysis, identification and consideration of the main techniques for designing inclusive spaces and the possibility of their use in the design process of inclusive theaters. The novelty of this study lies in the consideration of the concept of healing architecture, from the side of using its techniques in the design of cultural and entertainment institutions, such as inclusive theaters. As a result of the research, the main methods of organizing space used to create a "healthy" environment in medical buildings were considered, as well as their benefits in organizing inclusive theatrical institutions designed for multi-group visitors, projects designed for people with physical and psychological health characteristics were selected and studied, and the basic techniques of organizing space in the buildings selected for analysis. The result of the study was a number of proposals for the organization of the theater space, taking into account the concepts of inclusive and rehabilitation architecture, for groups of people with increased needs.