Psychology and Psychotechnics - rubric Personal growth

Abstract: Psychological separation is viewed as a determinant of the development of goal-setting at student age. The subject of this research is the correlation between the characteristics of psychological separation (emotional, functional, attitude, conflict) and goal-setting (value semantic – values-goals, values-means, life-meaning orientations) and operational (system of self-regulation of voluntary activity) levels of young people from single-parent families. Sampling involved 49 students (18 males and 31 females). The following questionnaire-based surveys were used in the course of this research: “Psychological Separation Inventory (PSI)” by J. Hoffman, “Adaptation” by V. P. Dzukaeva and T. Y. Sadovnikova, “Value Orientations” method by M. Rokeach, “Life-Meaning Orientations” test by D. A. Leontyev, “Style of Self-Regulation of Behavior” by V. I. Mirosanova. The author determined valid differences between psychological separation from parents, value-semantic and operational characteristics of goal-setting among young people from single-parent families. The statistically significant correlations of the indicated characteristics are highlighted. The impact of psychological separation from parents upon values-goals and values-means, life strategies and individual characteristics of self-regulation of the activity of young people from single-parent families in the process of setting and achieving the goals, are analyzed in the context of logic of the functional approach of V .K. Shabelnikov. The novelty of this research consists in clarification of the role of psychological separation from parents in development of value-semantic and operational characteristics of goal-setting at student age.

Keywords: emotional separation, value-semantic level of goal setting, operational level of goal setting, goal setting, incomplete family, student age, psychological separation, functional separation, attitudinal separation, conflict separation

Abstract: Individuation process is the key concept of Jung’s psychology. According to Jung, individuation is a life-long process of a human acquiring his ideally integrated personality as it is disposed by the Providence. The author of the article makes an attempt to take an analytical look at the individuation conception.

Keywords: psychology, personality, process, wholeness, individuation, individuality, sexuality, conflict, psyche, integration

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.2.26936

Abstract: This article presents the results of comparative analysis of personal values of the Russian and American students. The students from the University of California, Davis (192 persons) and the students from Barnaul universities (240 persons) aged from 17 to 23 took part in the cross-cultural study. The object of this research is the value-semantic aspect of personality. The subject is the personal values during the late youth period. The work is aimed at identification of similarities and differences of personal values of the Russian and American students. The author uses the explicit methods revealing the content of values of a subject on the level of their presence in the consciousness, and implicit methods revealing the semantic hue of the values appropriated by the subject. Similarities and differences in value priorities of the representatives of various cultural groups are determined. Thus, the values of family life, love, good and faithful friends, and full self-realization are attributed as the universal cultural values; belief in God, high social status and people management, creativity, patriotism are attributes as less prioritized values. With regards to the Russian youth, the specific, culturally substantiated values are the affiliative and materialistic values, while for the students of American university – cognition of the new, nature and human, receiving higher education and value of time. The acquired results allow understanding cultural determination of personal mental development on a deeper level, as well as contributing to elaboration of the problem of values in psychology.

Keywords: subjective reality, sense, development, student age, cross-cultural differences, personal values, person, culture, implicit methods, Explicit methods

Abstract: The author of the article describes theoretical approaches to the problem of self-image in Russian and foreign psychology since the end of the 19th century till the end of the 20th century. The author shows that the development of Russian and foreign theories of Self happened at the same time and were characterized by the following elements: 1) attitudes and values oriented at one’s behavior and future life goals; 2) image of the social environment; 3) selfimage of one’s behavior, body and emotional sphere. These components are described descending their importance for personality.

Keywords: psychology, self image, theory, analysis, researches, V. V. Stolin, Robert Burns, Charles Cooley, I. S. Kon, M. B. Bogatyrev.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2022.3.38293

Abstract: The data of the study of the relationship between the components of psychological well-being and existential fulfillment in late adolescence are presented. It was suggested and proved that the first fundamental existential motivation (according to the methodology of V.B. Shumsky, E.M. Ukolova, E.N. Osin, Ya.D. Lupandina "Diagnostics of existential fulfillment") concerning the possibility of being in the world is significantly related to self-acceptance and competence. The second fundamental existential motivation concerning the value of life is significantly related to self-acceptance and positive relationships. The third fundamental existential motivation concerning self-worth is significantly related to self-acceptance and personal growth. The fourth fundamental existential motivation concerning meaning is significantly related to life goals and autonomy. The study sample consisted of boys and girls aged 17 to 25 years in the number of 82 people, 41 of them boys and 41 girls. In the course of the study, the goal was achieved, namely, significant connections were revealed between the components of such constructs as psychological well-being and existential fulfillment. We have made the following conclusions: 1) Respondents with a high level of psychological well-being were guaranteed to have a high level of existential fulfillment. However, respondents with a high level of psychological well-being did not always have a high level of existential fulfillment. 2) The component of psychological well-being "self-acceptance" demonstrated the most significant relationship with the components of existential fulfillment (fundamental existential motivations) at the significance level of p≤0.01. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the results of the study can be applied in the framework of existential psychotherapy, as well as in the analysis of factors that affect the psychological well-being of a person.

Keywords: life goals, existential motivation, personal growth, self-value, self-acceptance, the meaning of life, psychological well-being, existential fulfillment, existence, autonomy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.2.23389

Abstract: The article is devoted to the essential features, types and functions of the discourse as well as different views on what discourse is, particularities of the argumentative discourse and analysis of linguistic arguments in the teaching and learning process. The author of the article pays special attention to the role of discourse in the process of teaching and learning. The researcher describes how relationships between teaching and learning actors develop with the help of such teaching technology as argumentative discourse. The author also defines typical features of the argumentative discourse and describes forms of conducting the argumentative discourse, purposes and opportunities of using an argumengative discourse-training, discursive cognitive and stylistic features of argumentation. The methodological basis of the research included principles of the cognition and speech interconditionality and cognitive approach to the linguistic theory of argumentation offereded by A. Baranov. The argumengative discourse is viewed by the author as the technology of humanization and individualization of education that allows a student to polemize with a teacher and develop as a personality. The article presents the results of the psycholinguistic empirical research aimed at defining the relationship between linguistic arguments in the teaching and learning discourse and students' cognitive approach.

Keywords: argumentation, educational process, cognitive approach, cognitive style, learning, linguistic arguments, individualization of education, humanization of education, argumentative discourse, discourse-training

Abstract: The article considers the issues connected with ‘inevitable’, ‘undeliberate’ and ‘deliberate’ personal revelation of a psychoanalyst. The author studies what makes the psychoanalyst to decide to reveal his personal information during a session as well as the inner feeling of responsibility and possible clinical consequences of it. Special attention is paid at the dynamics of transference and counter transference, goals of the therapy and denial of resistance. The author describes his own experience in clinical work when he was sick. He illustrates how self-revelation may be an authentic need as well as an important component of a psychoanalytical technique

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, personal self-revelation, psychoanalyst, therapy, neurosis, clinical situation, interpretation, humanq

Abstract: Age restructuring of personal identity are viewed from the point of view of development stages described by the author who views each stage as the process of solving this or that goal of development. The first goal is to form the species activity (by 7-8 years old), the second goal is to form the sexual activity (since 9, 10-18 until 22 years old) and the third goal is to form the social activity (since 22-35 until 45 years old). The last goal is the self-depletion (since 45 until the end of life). At each stage self-identity is restructured and human beings to understand himself as the actor of certain activity.

Keywords: psychology, ontogenesis, development, problems, reconstruction, identity, personality, transitions, crises, psychopathology.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2019.3.28650

Abstract: The goal of this research is the examination of possibility for expanding the range of adaptive methods of regulation of activity in a difficult life situation by influencing the mental state. The understanding of regulatory activity leans on the thesaurus of subject-activity approach, which describes it as a measure of justification of actions on coping with life difficulties in compliance with the specificity of inner state of the subject of situation. Adaptation potential is viewed as a phenomenon relevant to the capacity of experience of the regulatory subject activity. Based on the material of participants of psychotherapeutic groups, the author conducts an analysis and comparison of mental states in an actual problematic situation and situation of successful coping with life difficulties. The research demonstrates the transformations in mental states after working with realization of separate qualities. Statistical proof is provided on the presence of link between the indicators of mental state images with the level of style of cognitive self-regulation of arbitrary activity. The author explains the dynamic of dependence of the parameters in question on the changes of capacity, structuredness and intensity of mental state images.

Keywords: resource, awareness, regulatory experience, capacity expansion, mental state image, adaptation potential, self-regulation, difficult life situation, subject of regulatory activity, assignment of experience

Abstract: The author of the article assumes that education should be an ever-continuous process. In his article the author discusses the problem of a professional competence as the key problem for modernization of the society. The author proves the need for a constant renovation of knowledge.

Keywords: psychology, pedagogic, continuous education, competence, self-education, information space, human, computerization, culture

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2018.1.25433

Abstract: In his research Krasnobaev provides the results of the research devoted to sanogenic reflection of practical psychologists working in accordance with the type of education they have received. The research involved 52 people including 25 psychologists aged 21 - 30 years old (experimental group) and 27 bankers aged 21 - 30 years old (control group). The main objective of the research was to define dependence between the level of sanogenic reflection and professional major. The research was carried out using the Cognition and Emotion Test developed by Yu. Orlov and S. Morozyuk and statistical data processing (Mann–Whitney U test or Spearman correlation coefficient). The rationale of the research is caused by the fact that the author offers a definition of sanogenic reflection maturity of practical psychologists for the purpose of increasing their profeciency level. The results of the research demonstrate that psychologists have a high level of self-acceptance and integration of their own emotions, however, the level of sanogenic reflection is lower in a group of psychologists compared to a group of bankers. The author also makes practical recommendations regarding how to develop competences of practical psychologists at a initial stage of their education.

Keywords: patterns, self-knowledge, internal conflict, competence, education, feeling, emotion, sanogenic reflection, resentment, guilt

Abstract: Modern Western culture is based on the idea of unquestionable value of individualism for the current generation. However, we don’t always consider what individualism is actually in the modern society. The author of the article well shows that individualism, as it is understood nowadays, is just another form of a myth. In reality, search for individuality often turns into depersonalization and conformism.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, personality, individual, person, individualism, freedom, citizen, social life, character

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.2.14115

Abstract: The research subject is a mystic experience as a psychopractice of coping with egocentric consciousness and raising a mentally sane self-actualized person. The author compares psychological peculiarities of egocentric consciousness and enlightened consciousness. The author also examines the main psychopractical methods that help to perform the systemic work with all the levels of consciousness. The author performs a comparative analysis of peculiarities of different methods such as disciplinary asceticism, psychosomatic exercises, love-trust prayer and meditative contemplation in different mystic traditions formed within the two main types of mysticism – immanent mysticism and transcendental immanent mysticism. The research methodology is based on the comparative philosophical religious analysis. The main research method is the comparative analytical method. General scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization and individualization. The following conclusions were made as a result of the research: 1.The aim of the mystic practice is a transformation from the egocentric consciousness to the enlightened consciousness. 2. While ascetic traditions deny the material origin, holistic and integrative traditions teach the necessity of the material and spiritual convergence. 3. Disciplinary asceticism deals with the will and volition of a human being, psychosomatic exercises discipline body, love-trust prayer release from egoistic feelings and wishes, and meditative contemplation makes life more deliberate. 4. Mystic psychopracticeы form a complex transformation system of psychic life where all the levels of individual consciousness interact.

Keywords: love-trust prayer, psychosomatic exercises, chakra, disciplinary asceticism, enlightened consciousness, egocentric consciousness, self-actualization, meditative contemplation, transcendental immanent mysticism, immanent mysticism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.2.66260

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.3.62512

Abstract: The author of the article makes an attempt to provide scientific and spiritual grounds for introspection, concentration and co-adjustment methods. Concentration means self-collection of mind and nature in the form of a super-consciousness truth. Co-adjustment means the union of one’s mind with his individual consciousness/soul. Psychotherapy of co-adjustment allows to dissolve the energy blocks inside human body and psyche by the force of the higher state of consciousness. The main purpose of psychotherapy is to activate one’s living potentials and to increase the energy level of one’s consciousness so that a body can overcome a disease. The author also discusses the difference of positive psychotherapy from negative psychotherapy. These methods allow to restore broken communications. Increase in the level of consciousness leads to intellectual and spiritual development of human and his somatic, psychic and moral health. These methods of developing the level of consciousness can be used in education, psychotherapy, scientific research and personal development.

Keywords: psychology, introspection, concentration, self-knowledge, co-adjustment, resonance, psychotherapy, mediation, altered state of consciousness, Higher Self.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.6.20518

Abstract: The object of the research is the subjective well-being of a person. The purpose of the present research is to define gender peculiarities of the influence of perfectionism on various components of the subjective well-being of a person. The author of the research examines such aspects of the topic as peculiarities of the subjective well-being and perfectionism as well as their components in male and female groups; the nature of the influence of various kinds of perfectionism (self-oriented, others-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism) on the components of the subjective well-being depending on their gender attribution. The research involved 133 respondents. The results were processed using correlation analysis and comparison of Student-t mean values. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: socially prescribed perfectionism has the greater influence on the subjective well-being and this influence has certain gender specifics, in particular, this kind of perfectionism destroys the subjective well-being of women and, on the contrary, has a positive influence on the subjective well-being of men. Other kinds of perfectionism influence only the emotional component of the subjective well-being: men with the self-oriented perfectionism and women with the others-oriented perfectionism have a more positive attitude. The main contribution of the author is that for the first time in the academic literature the author demonstrates differently directed (constructively/destructively) influence of the socially prescribed perfectionism on the subjective well-being of different sexes. These results can be efficiently used in the process of psychological counseling concerning the problems of parenting and family education.

Keywords: components, structure, perfectionism, subjective well-being, gender, personality, psychology, emotional component, cognitive component, impact

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.6.68233

Keywords: components, structure, perfectionism, subjective well-being, gender, personality, psychology, emotional component, cognitive component, impact

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.6.15110

Abstract: In this article the research subject is the views of humanistic philosophers and psychologists on personal maturity and personal self-fulfillment. Self-fulfilment is defined as a full release and realization of personal potential. Each person has potentials to grow and self-improve. This is an inborn need of personality and can be satisfied only when a person is mature and has a tendency to personal growth. At birth all people have huge potentials that, however, fade away as a result of the influence of culture. This is what the founder of the self-actualization theory Abraham Maslow stated. Humanistic psychologists and a number of Russian researchers view the motive for self-actualization as the main driver of personal development. The fact that a person has the motive for self-actualization proves this is a mature personality. Theoretical and methodological grounds of the research included: humanistic theory of personal self-actualization (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers and others), theory of personal self-development (Boris Ananiev, Ksenia Abulkhanova-Slavskaya and Alexander Asmolov) and scientific provisions about the stimulating and directing role of motives (E. Ilyin). In the present research personal maturity and tendency to self-actualization are being viewed from the point of view of the psychological health. This is what makes the novelty of the research. Moreover, the author of the article describes the basic and leading concepts of personal self-development offered by both Russian and foreign researhers that overcome contradictory views on self-actualization and demonstrate that mature personality is a psychologically healthy personality with developed intellect that knows how to achieve his or her goals. All this is possible only when there is personal health. Personal health is defined as the state of personality that ensures sustainable development, successful personal growth and movement towards self-actualization. Motivational status of a health person consists of the pursuance of self-actualization which is understood as the completion of one's mission or achievement of one's vocation or destiny. Self-actualization means the outcome of the deep nature of human to the surface, reconciliation with the inner self and personality core, maximum self-expression, i.e. realization of the hidden abilities and potentials, 'ideal performance'. Thus, the feeling of individuality, successful career and commitment to one's personal value system are as important for the psychological health of an individual as security, love, self-respect, etc. The fact that an individual aspires to fulfil his needs of the highest level is an indicator of his mental health. According to Maslow, satisfaction of the needs of the highest order allows a person to feel happier. Metamotivation itself denotes one's personal maturity. The majority of researchers view personal growth as an essential element of the path towards self-actualization.

Keywords: personal potential, meta-needs, personal growth, personal maturity, personality development, self-fulfillment, self-actualization, motivation, metamotivation, value systems

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.6.66638

Keywords: personal potential, meta-needs, personal growth, personal maturity, personality development, self-fulfillment, self-actualization, motivation, metamotivation, value systems

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.8.20879

Abstract: In this article the authors present their concept of social and psychological preparation for doing sports at the public and professional levels where personality and way of thinking become systemically important factors. The authors view mental mechanisms that regulate mental states and behaviour of sports players as well as the factors promoting social and psychological preparation for doing sports. The authors underline the importance of standards and values that contribute to the competitive culture of sports players is underlined. Based on the example of karate, the authors demonstrate how mental operations of sports players are performed. The article provides the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the innovative approach to physical training and sports. The following methods of research were applied by the authors: theoretical (analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature on the matter, the method of theoretical modelling for defining the subject, object, and hypothesis, and building the theoretical model, the method of concrete definition and ordering of theoretical knowledge by working out of methodology and the research theory); empirical (studying and operational experience generalisation on the investigated problem, analysis of the authors' experience in teaching at Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics that has been admitting students for 'sports management' specialization over the past several years (most of the applicants are professional sportsmen); lesson observations that involved videorecording, questionnaire survey of trainers and students, analysis of standard manuals, and analysis of scoresheets); and statistical methods of processing experimental data for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the empirical material. The article presents a substantiation of the innovative approach to the physical training of the rising generation which components include personality development and thinking. The authors describe general aspects of cognitive preparation for learning and training sports. Developing the concept of social and psychological preparation for playing sports, the authors recognize the need to shift the emphasis from the creation of the healthy environment to the health-developing education aimed at teaching health-forming values and increasing the level of positive psychophysical well-being.

Keywords: thinking, personality, cognitive preparation, sports player, physical training, sports, ecopsychological approach, social and psychological preparation, system of psychological preparation, health

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.8.68490

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.8.15999

Abstract: The object of the present research article is the phenomenology of self-actualization. The subject of the paper is the identification of various methodological approaches to understanding the essence of self-actualization. This article concentrates on the formation and development of the idea of self-actualization in the various scientific approaches throughout the history of science. Much attention is paid to the concept of "self-actualization" and related phenomena studied by humanistic psychology, and the development of the theory of self-actualization in domestic science. Special place is given to the description of self-actualization as a deliberate, focused and self-managed activities unfolding in the various kinds of human activity. According to the author, the consideration of self-actualization as self-organized activity allows to look at the problem of personal freedom in the process of self-realization in a new light. The methodology of the study involves the concept of self-actualization and personal growth in humanistic psychology, the concept of self-realization in domestic science, the theory of activity and personal activity approach; the concept of self-management and self-organization. According to the author, the novelty of the article lies in the synthesis of many years of scientific experience on the issue of self-actualization, and in disclosing its essence from the viewpoint of the major foreign and domestic concepts. The special contribution of the author is the inclusion of the results of her own research of self-actualization from the point of view of the personal activity approach and the theory of activity. The main conclusion is the following: if we consider self-actualization as a self-organized activity, it becomes possible to develop technologies that can help a person to realize and accept their individual personality traits, and purposefully and efficiently manage their self-development and personal growth involving their unique traits and qualities.

Keywords: need, freedom, individuality, personality, personal growth, self-development, self-actualization, activities, awareness, controllability

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.8.66996

Keywords: need, freedom, individuality, personality, personal growth, self-development, self-actualization, activities, awareness, controllability

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.22040

Abstract: The article is devoted to peculiarities of personality profiles and communicative traits (communicative tolerance, personality orientation, treating others as a value) of investigators at the earliest stage of their vocational development. Male investigators of the Russian Investigative Committee participated in the research. There was a group of investigators who had worked for less than one year, a group of investigators who had been working from one year to three years, and a group of investigators who had been working over three years. The research objectives included to define differences in personality traits for each group of respondents. The researchers have used such methods as Berezin's version of MMPI, Boyko's Communicative Tolerance Test, Personality Orientation in Communication (NLO-A test), and Kashinova's Treating Others as a Value Test. To define statistically significant differences, the authors have used the Mann–Whitney U test. As a result, the authors have defined peculiarities of each group and carried out a comparative analysis using statistical criteria. Groups where respondents have different job experience demonstrate different indicators of communicative tolerance, manipulative and ignoring personality orientations. The authors make conclusions about similar personality traits demonstrated by those who had worked for less than one year and those who had been working over three years, in particular, they demonstrated similar indicators of authoritarian, altruistic, and compulsive orientations and treating others as a value.

Keywords: communicative tolerance, Mann–Whitney U test, forensic psycology, vocational development, acmeology, communicative traits, personality traits, investigators, personality traits inventory, developmental psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.10.68615

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.12.23220

Abstract: This article discusses the issues of virtual identity as the factor of self-actualization of a teenager. Virtual identity and self-actualisation as difficult systems are investigated. The maintenance of a concept virtual identity is concretized. Peculiarities of self-esteem, self-actualization and locus of control are studied. Conditions for teenager’s self-actualisation of the identity based on age features are defined. Structural components and functions of virtual identity are revealed. Personal, social and psychological features of teenagers are studied. The importance of virtual identity for self-actualisation is defined. Conditions for formation of virtual identity are revealed. The analysis of influence of virtual identity on self-actualisation of teenages age is made. As the main psychodiagnostic techniques of a research have been chosen: the test of twenty answers of Kuhn M. And Mc Partland Т. «Who I am?», questionnaire of SAMOAL of E. Shostrom, test comprehend and vital orientations of D. A. Leontyev. The results of an empirical research showing the level of need for self-actualisation of teenages based on degree of formation of virtual identity are presented.

Keywords: cognitive needs, teenage years, personal structure, virtual space, self-actualization, virtual identity, identity, values, self-concept, locus of control

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2016.12.68647

Keywords: cognitive needs, teenage years, personal structure, virtual space, self-actualization, virtual identity, identity, values, self-concept, locus of control

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.12.17187

Abstract: The subject of research is the metaphysical concept of identity of the outstanding Russian philosopher Boris Chicherin. This concept permeates the entire complex architecture of his teachings: Sociology, philosophy, politics, legal doctrine, the doctrine of economic, religious and ethical views. Evolution of the thinker towards absolute idealism, formed the metaphysical concept of the individual caught up in turn a decisive influence on the very system of absolute idealism, it is becoming more and more personalistic. The methodology of the research is based on the principle of immanent critique, which allows to reconstruct the relationship and interdependence of the key ideas of the thinker. The article shows the evolution of Chicherin’s views on the nature of person. If the earlier works of the thinker, which followed almost exclusively in line with the ideas of Hegel, the identity presented only a transitory moment of historical development, the later works was treated the person as an essence, not only realize the idea of the Absolute, but carrying it in ourselves. The concept of person has had a largely decisive influence on the formation of philosophical personalism in Russia.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2015.12.67380