Politics and Society - rubric LEGAL CULTURE AND POLITICAL CULTURE

Abstract: This article discusses aspects of solving environmental protection problems and outlines issues characterizing the interaction between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. An assessment is given on the adoption of legislation for both states and joint coordinated measures aimed at reducing and eliminating negative trends associated with environmental degradation in Russia and China. The features of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China's influence on state environmental policies on environmental issues are described. The analysis of the state of legality in enforcing environmental legislation and the effectiveness of legal means used in implementing prosecutorial supervision in this area is carried out. Empirical, statistical, and scientific information is provided on how the prosecutor's offices of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China participate in the formation of methods and tools of national environmental policies that are of a state nature and carry out their activities mainly in legal forms using complex mechanisms of legal regulation. The proposed article compares the concepts of sustainable development in force in Russia and the People's Republic of China based on generally recognized environmental standards by the international community, which have been ratified in the legislation of the countries under consideration, and analyzes the problems and areas of improvement of Russian and Chinese environmental legislation.

Keywords: prosecutor's supervision, prosecutorial response measures, cooperation, exchange of experience, environmental legislation, activities of environmental authorities, environmental policy, People's Republic of China, Russian Federation, environment

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2023.3.43800

Abstract: The subject of this study is the provision of the current national legislation regulating legal relations in organizations, generally recognized principles and norms of international law in the field of combating corruption, the provision of the current anti-corruption legislation and other by-laws of the Russian Federation, norms establishing legal responsibility for corruption offenses in organizations, scientific works on these issues, information from the media, and judicial practice. Dialectical, system-structural, formal-logical, and other scientific research methods were used in this work. The study aims to substantiate corruption in commercial organizations as an independent criminological system/structural phenomenon. Organizations carry out their activities in various spheres of society, be it social, economic, political, spiritual, and others. Corruption in commercial organizations is a great public danger, as it encroaches on the everyday activities of commercial organizations and the interests of the state, society, and individual citizens. In the scientific literature, a significant number of scientific papers are devoted to various aspects of corruption in this area. At the same time, the question of the socio-legal characteristics of this type of corruption for the domestic legal doctrine remains open today. The article discusses the main signs of corruption in commercial organizations and its features.

Keywords: negative consequences, bribery, criminological characteristics, commercial bribery, subjects, purposes, sphere, commercial organizations, business, corruption

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.1.14444

Abstract: This article analyzes alternative models of legal socialization in contemporary Russian society. The author proceeds from the fact that in the process of law-abiding behavior leading factor is the nature of social and legal relations (authoritarian or humanistic) between the individual, society and the state. The main feature of the model is a humanistic personotsentricheskoy recognition dominance of internal spiritual forces and qualities in the process of becoming a full-fledged subject of public-right relations. Her alternative acts sociocentric authoritarian model as the main determinants are recognized by external social conditions and factors that determine the vector of socio-legal development of the individual. The study promising theoretical model of legal socialization of the individual in Russian society were used ideas of personalism NA Berdyaev, E. Mounier and SL Frank, the concept of social action Weber, T. Parsons and Habermas, social and psychological ideas of Erich Fromm. The paper concludes that the traditional, historically conditioned national model of legal socialization in Russian society advocates an authoritarian model. However, social progress requires the development of a humanistic model personotsentricheskoy legal socialization that promotes the formation of subject-subject relations in the legal life. The priority of the model are the natural rights and freedoms constitutes one of the existential foundations of personal identity.

Keywords: legal socialization, legal education, public relations, humanism, Russian society, authoritarian, law-abiding behavior, legal values, social institution, civil society

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.1.54504

Keywords: law-abiding behavior, authoritarian, Russian society, humanism, public relations, legal education, legal socialization, legal values, social institution, civil society

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.10.21031

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legal socialization of an individual in modern Russian society. The subject is the social adaptation as a combination of particular framework properties that allow an individual to build his legal behavior in the state and society. The author determines that the problem at hand requires interdisciplinary approach because it will contribute into considering the entire complex of factors and effects upon the statistical and dynamic characteristics of the individual socializing process that forms a model of lawful behavior. The scientific novelty consists in specification of the ontological status of social adaptation of a developing person in the context of the problem of its legal socialization. As a result of the theoretical study, the author expresses a though about the need for purposeful formation by the agents of legal socialization of a particular type of interaction, relation between an individual and social-legal environment that resolves contradictions emerging between them during interaction.

Keywords: civil society, legal culture, Russian state, education, social-legal adaptation, adaptation, social-legal evolution, training, legal socialization, institutions of civil society

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.6.23472

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the impact of political culture upon the content and control character of political campaigns in the context of goals and tasks of political management. Viewing political culture as a subjective element of external environment of the political campaign, the author analyzes the mechanism of influence of cultural characteristics of certain social segments upon the models of civil behavior, formation of particular role position, expectations, and corresponding motivational structure within them. Using the examples of concrete campaigns carried out in Russia, Great Britain, and United States, the article reveals the normative regulatory influence from the side of political orientations towards the type of political behavior, assigned by political-cultural system of society. It is demonstrated that in development of the strategies of national campaigns, an important factor becomes the orientations of system level, which reflect such political-cultural values, as patriotism, national pride, and state identity. The article applies the societal interpretation of political culture, which includes the system of political ideologies, models of political behavior, and “examples” of functionality of the institutional structures. The author substantiates the importance of such approach by the ability of revealing the multidisciplinary influence of political culture upon the management process. Main conclusions are associated with the practical significance of a more precise concretization of the political-cultural space of political campaign for the purpose of development of the efficient ideological strategy of its management. The author also makes conclusion about the dilution within the modern societies of a unified political-cultural space and development of “political subculture” as a particular characteristic of political culture that must be taken into account in drafting political projects of various type.

Keywords: political orientations, public opinion, political values, political behavior, political traditions, political culture, political campaign, political management, stereotype, political subculture

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.2.17128

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the research of the essence, content, and main peculiarities of the Brazil model of federalism. The object of this work of this work is the Brazilian model of federalism, while the subject is the structure, concept, and specific aspects of the functioning of the Brazilian model of federalism, as well as its attractiveness (soft power) in the eyes of the other Latin American countries. Being a country with the multidimensional identity, Brazil was able to establish a unique model of the federative relations, which allows supporting an ethno-confessional balance within the initially very diverse ethnic environment and avoiding interethnic and interconfessional conflicts. The author notes that the “soft power” of the Brazilian federalism first and foremost manifests in the unconditional successes achieved by the country in formation of its own unique multidimensional identity, and seems very appealing for the entire Latin America. The constituents of Brazil – the states – are endowed with a certain level of freedom and independence, but it does not become the stimulating factor for spreading separatist activities in the country. Brazil does not have separatism in its modern political life. For the purpose of prevention of the possible conflicts between the states, the institute of the federal intervention is codified in the Brazilian Constitution. The Brazilian model of federalism is one of the most essential sources of the soft power and is being promoted for export.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.2.54516

Keywords: geopolitika, mirovaya politika, mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, diplomatiya, interesy, gosudarstvo, riski

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.5.12219

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.5.54234

Abstract: The subject under review is the main directions, forms and methods of the political awareness education among the youth at the end of the 1950th. Refusing from ideological stereotypes not only of the Soviet Period but also of the recent past, the author tries to study Komsomol and the youth movement in Russia in general non-judgmentally and with respect to the rich historical experience of our country. This is an interesting topic for research because in the youth age one’s personality has been already formed. A young person understands his place and role in life and tries to achieve a certain social status and to perform his social role. Focusing on the province allows to provide a more detailed insight into the history of the fi rst years after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union as well as to correct particular conclusions made on the analysis of the materials of the central board of the Party and Komsomol. The author shows that the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Union set the mission to radically improve the ideological education performed by the Party and to narrow the gap between agitation and propaganda and practice. Successful performance of ambitious plans of the economic construction was directly related to the political education performed by the Party, Soviet and Komsomol authorities. However, opposed to plans declared at the forums of the Party and Komsomol and despite implementation of new forms of political education and more attractive methods of educational activity, the reality showed that in fact the system of political education was far from being effi cient. The youth was taught undiscussable dogmas. Data regarding the number of young people who underwent the courses of political education were still exaggerated and topics discussed at educational meetings were still far from the real life. Political education clubs were still indulged in formalism and learning by rote.

Keywords: history, youth (young people), Komsomol, political culture, political education, ideological education, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, print media, propaganda, formalism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.10.9838

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.10.54147

Abstract: Considering conceptualization of political culture, the author of the article performs extrapolation of that phenomenon into practice and provides her own analysis of peculiarities of the national political culture, socio-cultural peculiarities and prospects of development. The author also describes particular culture-historical types and views them from the point of view of Today’s Russian values. The author underlines the unique socio-cultural code of Russian people and analyzes destructive infl uence of democratic concept. According to the author, Western countries have been developing their democratic views for quite a long time and their democratic concept has very different logics and another development vector which contradicts to Russian socio-cultural expectations. Implementation of democracy principles without taking into account Russian history, traditions and peculiarities of political culture and political consciousness of the Russian society may lead to the drop in the level of political legitimacy of modern Russian government. The author underlines the nee in convergence of democratic and traditional values and main orientation at traditional socio-cultural Russian model with dominating patriarchal and the governed relations and values and with the national demand for etatistic-paternalistc but not market political culture. Etatistic-paternalistic order successfully combines diverse national traditions and ethics.

Keywords: political culture, socio-cultural Russian code, etatistic-paternalistic order, culture-historical types, thinking irrationality, legitimacy of government, patriarchal type, socio-cultural expectations, public policy.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.10.16448

Abstract: The subject of the research of the present article is the phenomenon of glamour as a mode of competitiveness in the context of modern mass culture, its genesis, stages of formation and the degree of its influence on the European (Western) public consciousness. In the article the author considers the influence of British (Scott, Byron) and French (the image of Napoleon I) traditions on the formation of mythology, ideology and aesthetics of glamour as a means of realisation of the competitiveness principle in order to reveal the success coefficient and determine the status of the competitors in this segment of mass culture. Methodologically the study is based on the method of ascension from abstract to particular, the principle of historicism, and comparative analysis. The novelty of the article lies in consideration of the phenomenon of glamour as a way of displaying (mode) of the competitiveness principle in the context of sociocultural evolution, the genesis of this phenomenon, its mythology and aesthetics. The main conclusion of the article is that in the modern era and in the context of the formation of mass culture, glamour has become not only a significant aesthetic phenomenon, but also, which is even more important, a way to implement competitiveness, a criterion for determination of the success of an individual under the conditions of growing competition and social dynamics of European (Western) society.

Keywords: glamour, conflict , competition, mass culture, aesthetics, Walter Scott, George Byron, Napoleon I, brand, style

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.10.54457

Keywords: glamour, conflict, competition, mass culture, aesthetics, Walter Scott, George Byron, Napoleon I, brand, style

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.10.16315

Abstract: The subject of this research is the national specificity of scientific ethos in the conditions of transformation of the universal imperatives of scientific activity, which are affected by the shifts in socio-economic and cultural context of production of the scientific knowledge in the late XX – early XXI centuries. The specificity of scientific ethos is being examined on the example of the analysis of value foundation of professional activity of the experts of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research regarding the selection of grant application for the Fund. The experts of the Fund demonstrate the most representative selection of Russian scientific community in both aspects, geography and disciplines. The main method of this research consists in semi-structured interviews of the experts of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The author carried out a series of 20 focused interviews with the experts of the Fund. They were offered to answer the questions pertaining to the four imperatives determined by R. Merton: universalism, collectivism, disinterestedness, and organizes skepticism. The goal of this work lies in determination of deviation of the institutional imperatives of activity of the experts of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in assessment of applications from the classic scientific ethos described by Merton. The author concludes that the specificity of the Russian scientific ethos is influenced by the structure of relations between the government and science, as well as struggle for the status among the scholars. It is noted that the national specificities of the scientific ethos in Russia impart institutional grounds, rather than cultural.

Keywords: production of knowledge, Bourdieu, Merton, scientific policy, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, state, Russian science, scientific ethos, exchange of resourses, scientific capital

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.10.54635