Kharkevich M.V.
To the question about the national specificity of scientific ethos
// Politics and Society.
2016. № 10.
P. 1413-1420.
DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.10.16315 URL: https://en.nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=16315
К вопросу о национальной специфике научного этоса
Kharkevich Maxim Vladimirovich
PhD in Politics
Docent, the department of Global Political Processes, Moscow Institute of International Relations under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Abstract: The subject of this research is the national specificity of scientific ethos in the conditions of transformation of the universal imperatives of scientific activity, which are affected by the shifts in socio-economic and cultural context of production of the scientific knowledge in the late XX – early XXI centuries. The specificity of scientific ethos is being examined on the example of the analysis of value foundation of professional activity of the experts of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research regarding the selection of grant application for the Fund. The experts of the Fund demonstrate the most representative selection of Russian scientific community in both aspects, geography and disciplines. The main method of this research consists in semi-structured interviews of the experts of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The author carried out a series of 20 focused interviews with the experts of the Fund. They were offered to answer the questions pertaining to the four imperatives determined by R. Merton: universalism, collectivism, disinterestedness, and organizes skepticism. The goal of this work lies in determination of deviation of the institutional imperatives of activity of the experts of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in assessment of applications from the classic scientific ethos described by Merton. The author concludes that the specificity of the Russian scientific ethos is influenced by the structure of relations between the government and science, as well as struggle for the status among the scholars. It is noted that the national specificities of the scientific ethos in Russia impart institutional grounds, rather than cultural.
Keywords:
scientific ethos, Russian science, state, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, scientific policy, Merton, Bourdieu, production of knowledge, exchange of resourses, scientific capital
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