DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7643

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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7748

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54056

Abstract: This article analyzes the preconditions and the consequences of the process of “Islamization”, which has spread across Europe. Comparison of sociological data on religion in Europe, Russia and the USA reveals that “Islamziation” of Europe is the aftermath of dechristianization and demographic crisis. The expansion of Muslim community in Europe, which has already exceeded 44 million, will continue, due to high birth rates of Muslim families and immigration. As it seems, the most balanced way to overcome the issues of adversity between native Europeans and the Muslim community, is to reinforce Christian values and morals among native Europeans, which will lead to improvement in demographics, and, as a result, to severe reduction of immigration. Moreover, the Christian renaissance in Europe will allow to improve the standing between the Christian and Muslim communities on the basis of the Islamic dogmata of peaceful coexistence of adherents of monotheistic religions.

Keywords: Sociology, demography, crisis, Muslims, Christians, Islamization, secularization, Europe, family, values.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54057

Abstract: In the age of colossal migration flows, Italy has an undeniable advantage when it comes to dealing with the challenges associated with migration. A wholesome policy, which is based on both, national and European experience, is built around both, using cheap migrant labour, as well as realizing the country’s responsibility before them. This article explores Italy’s social vector of migration policy development, which is aimed at solidifying migration control, as well as social adaptation of immigrants. Italian experience in this area, as well as academic studies of migration policy mechanisms, is deemed useful to consider during the migration Law reform in Russian Federation. Considerable progress in fighting illegal immigration through increasing the measure of social responsibility of immigrants themselves, which is achieved by involving immigrants into the system of pension funds and social fees, making the immigrants interested in being open about their contribution to the society.

Keywords: political science, migration policy, Italian Law, social responsibility, immigrant integration, illegal immigrants, immigrant medical care, pension pay, coordination, integration

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7649

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54048

Abstract: The article deals with one of the challenging points of U.S. state structure’s establishment. The author analyzes the U.S. government structure and explains the definition of federalism according to the U.S. Constitution of 1787, which gave a symbolic start for the new country. The development of American federalism was largely determined by the dominance of certain political and legal practices. The growth of American federalism, while demonstratinggeneral centralistic tendencies, occurred in an uneven manner - the degree of centralization fluctuated as Federal authorities amassed and released power. The essence of U.S. federalism changed in accordance with legal, political and economic environment.

Keywords: Jurisprudence, federation, U.S. federalism, U.S. Constitution, separation of power, Rechsstaat, federal subjects, federalism, reform, Law

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54050

Abstract: The article examines the experience of two post- Soviet countries (Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan), exploring the main ways of legitimating authority during the process of forming of national states and solving political stability issues. The circumstances in which political elites form ideologemes to reinforce the legitimacy of political regimes and choose the means to spread those igeologemes are reviewed, as well as the preconditions for success in achieving relative stability, or failure to produce such legitimacy, resulting in destruction of the political system. The attention is drawn to the analysis of techniques, mechanisms and components of legitimation of political regimes, as well as factors of their political stability in a near perspective. The author points out that to legitimate authority during the consolidation process of a regime, the ruling elites turned to national ideologems as tools of legitimating in order to justify their claim for dominance. The lack of significant political rifts and notable actors of political opposition in Uzbekistan provided the ruling elite with an opportunity to spread a new set of values, virtually unhindered by opposition and by the process of democratic legitimation. In Kyrgyzstan, the attempt to synthesize structural and ideological legitimation (using archaic national and cultural concepts) has failed, which lead to severe damage to the existing legitimacy of elites and to strengthening and unification of counter elites on the basis of opposition to the values supported by the existing elites.

Keywords: Political science, political regime, political stability, ideology, consolidation, legitimacy, identity, rift in society, ruling elite, trust.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54062

Abstract: Interest groups are one of the fundamental mechanisms of American foreign policy. Their role in defining America’s position in the Near East, establishing relations with Israel and the Arab world, as well as participation in military operations, was the focus of expert discussions for years now. The article carefully examines the evolution of ethnic lobby structure, the competition between pro-Israeli and pro-Arab organizations, as well as the emergence of ideological blocs and their influence on political decisions regarding American military presence in the region. The author evaluates a broad spectrum of organizations and personalities involved in this lobbying process.

Keywords: Political science, lobby, groups, USA, Iraq, Congress, Senate, pluralism, debate, Israel.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54063

Abstract: This article demonstrates that, epistemologically, modern Russian elitology is not a science, but rather an ideology, which explains, and thus legitimates the dominance of the ruling elite. To have an epistemological status of an academic discipline, or a science, any social and humanitarian research requires several functions to be exercised. It needs to explain the motives and the aftermath of people’s actions in the past and in the future, shed light on the probabilities of the future and formulate goals to which they must aspire to. Thus, to become a science, a social and humanitarian theory must not only explain and describe the past and predict the future, but it also must formulate ideals and goals for the society. The author points out that Russian elitology does not match those criteria, because it only explains the mechanisms of the dominance of elites. To become a science, elitology must build a foundation of Public Law constitutionalist ethics which would allow evaluating the results of the ruling elite’s actions.

Keywords: Philosophy, elitology, ideology, science, constitutionalism, public law ethics, axiology, ethos, dominance, elite.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54051

Abstract: The article examines European Union’s progress in implementing the “Eastern Partnership” initiative, and the part which Republic of Belarus plays in this process. Using the historical and descriptive methods, combined within-depth content analysis, the author illuminates not only institutional interactions of EU’s and Belarus public authorities, but also specifies situations in which the partnership’s dynamics beg a closer look. The author concludes that the Eastern Partnership initiative was adecisive break through between Republic of Belarus and the EU, it stimulated political dialogue and opened many doors for Belorussian delegates to communicate and participate on the highest level.

Keywords: Political science, the Eastern Partnership, Republic of Belarus, the European Union, the European Neighbourhood Policy, the political dialogue, international agreements, partner countries, the summit, the political process

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54052

Abstract: The article analyzes the institutional aspects of political ideology’s influence on ethnic and sociological research. The author stresses that the Soviet ethnic research was politicized and was used as method of reinforcing national policies. During the transitional period, ethnic and social academic disciplines became tools of political struggle between ethnic elites. The author concludes that deidealigozation of ethnic studies, which lack positivist moderation, is necessary.

Keywords: Sociology, Ethnic and Social science, ethnos, ideology, ethics, institutes, authority, management, conflict, ethnic myths

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54058

Abstract: The article addresses the effects of modern global processes, including those tied to demographic and economic crises, and draws attention to the fact that no functional national, or International law that regulates these things exists. The author explains the essence of uncontrolled demographic growth, polarization of the world between countries, as well as macroeconomic risks of the world society. One of the rational ways to overcome those challenges is to form a new type of global integration – a world state. The author draws the conclusions on the advantages of such an allencompassing political unification. The points made in this article broaden and enrich the theoretical knowledge of state and Law, as well as international relations.

Keywords: Jurisprudence, global, state, world, crisis, demography, polarization, national, international, politics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54059

Abstract: At the year 2000 U.N. Millennium Summit, the Millennium Declaration, which contained a set of global Millennium Development Goals, was signed. The eight goals are aimed at the most pressing matters of modern society - poverty, famine, infant and maternal mortality, the spread of diseases like HIV/AIDS and Malaria, gender inequity, environment issues, education accessibility issues, as well as insufficient aid for the least-developed and developing countries from the world community. These Goals were aimed to be achieved by 2015. To get a clear picture on the exact stage of progress towards those goals, the author distinguishes both, regions and subregions on the World map, because social and economic progress is varied even on a regional scale. Currently, less than three years remain till the deadline of 2015, which was established in the Declaration. The progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals is evident; however, it is slower than expected. Is there a chance for UN’s most ambitious plan to be successfully completed?

Keywords: Political science, U.N., aims, development, millennium, declaration, aid, donors, poverty, Africa

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54060

Abstract: The article examines the defining characteristics of the Eurasian Economic Community member country relations, as well as arrangements for a transition to a new level of partnership with Common Economic Space. The creation of supernational institutions becomes more important as we move towards the final stages of economic integration of the member states. This study examines the preconditions for in-depth economic integration of the Eurasian Economic Community, taking into account the main driving forces which accelerate this process.

Keywords: Political science, CES, supernational institution, cooperation, WTO, CSTO, SCO

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7719

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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7777

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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54046

Abstract: The article examines the cause for inadequate efficiency of Financial Law as a legal science. The author explains the role of Goal-setting as an integral element of any financial activity, and points out the most prominent drivers which determine the goal-based vectorsin legal regulation of finance.

Keywords: jurisprudence, state, factors, goal-setting, politics, market, law, cameralistics, practices, finance

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54047

Abstract: The article analyzes the development of legal regulation of environment, and addresses the issues of environmental management and forest preservation law, fauna preservation law and marine biological resource preservation law. The author shows the modern state of environment law on federal, as well as regional level, pointing out its flaws and offering possible ways of improvement.

Keywords: Jurisprudence, environment use, environment protection, environment law, legal base, environment law violations, constitutional law, natural and biological resources, adverse influence, environment crisis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54049

Abstract: The article analyzes social, psychological and political preconditions for the development of terrorism in a risk society environment. Certain aspects of mass communication functionality, in the context of global spread of information technology within social space and the complexity of social evaluation of risks, enable the leaders of terrorist organizations to produce informational and psychological impact on society in order to involve young people into terrorist activity. The author lays out the prospects of further research, the necessity of which is dictated by the need of perfecting the methods of preventing terrorism in a defined social and historic environment.

Keywords: sociology, terrorism, society, risk, globalization, interaction, information, communication, assumptions, media discourse

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54061

Abstract: In the second half of XVIII and the first half of XIX century, Volga Tatars became the sponsors of caravan trade between Russian Empire and Central Asia, which implied transit via Kazakhstan. On their way, the caravans participated in transit trade with Kazakh nomad camps, which aided the development of Kazakh economy, as well as aided the growth of economic specialization and barter.

Keywords: History, Kazakhstan, caravan, transit, trade, nomad camps countermen, household, specialization, barter.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54053

Abstract: The article draws attention to an issue that affects all branches of academic science – the integration of science. There are several viewpoints on this topic – some support the notion of self-sufficient spheres of social and humanitarian thought, others stress the necessity of close interaction of such spheres. This article provides a breakdown of positive and negative aspects of interdisciplinary interaction, drawing our attention to the special role of Sociology in the processes of integration of knowledge. Exemplifying this branch of thought, the author examines the methodological vector of interaction between Philosophy and Sociology, as well as Sociology and the entire mass of social and humanitarian knowledge. The conclusions drawn in this article have significance in terms of defining the object and the subject of various disciplines, as well as for formulating goals aimed to preserve the founding principles of scientific research which can be distorted within an interdisciplinary environment.

Keywords: Sociology, society, science, interdisciplinary, methodology, development, philosophy, socium, politization, sociality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54054

Abstract: this article analyzes an organization’s competitiveness dynamics under the influence of input resource flow, from a resource-based perspective, and proves the practicability of social-oriented measures, presenting research data which the theoretical layout is based on.

Keywords: sociology, organization, resources, competency, competitiveness, resource flow, change, management, administration, image, structure

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.54055

Abstract: The article explores the practices of corporate education in Russian companies. It assesses several aspects of corporate education: effectiveness, motivation of managers and other personnel, interdependency of education and career.

Keywords: corporate education, managers, education and career, effectiveness of education

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7763

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DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.4.7747

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