Philology: scientific researches

Abstract: The article studies the role of gaze in establishing a Russian dialogue. It is shown that the direction of gaze changes according to completely different schemes in the following cases: at the borders of remarks (at the very moment when the speaker and the listener change their roles); at the borders of phrases; in the emphatic and baseline zones of expressions and at the beginning of assertions (or ‘yes’ phrases) and negation (or ‘no’ phrases). The author of the article also analyzes the eye movement patterns used by the listener at the moment when the speaker says his remarks. It is the fi rst time that such a topic is considered in the Russian language.

Keywords: philology, glance, dialogue, remark, negation, assertion, emphasis, the speaker, the listener, direction.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.1.22274

Abstract: The object of our research is the metaphoric models that can be found in the political discourse. The subject of our research is not only general but also specific peculiarities and patterns that are used by Vladimir Putin to describe the reality in his Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly for 2016. The author of the present article examines such aspects of the topic as peculiarities of metaphorization in the political discourse. Special attention is paid to the role of the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly in creating the metaphoric reality. The methodology of the present research is based on George Lakoff's and Mark Johnson's idea about the conceptual metaphor based on the cognitive discourse paradigm. The main conclusion of the research is that the great variety and particularities of metaphoric models allow not only to change the contents and methods of presenting messages and the meaning of Vladimir Putin's political discourse but also make his speech more expressive and convincing. Thus, metaphoric models allow to demonstrate the variety of means to present the reality in the political discourse.

Keywords: conceptual metaphor, military metaphor, political discourse, discourse, target sphere, source sphere, Presidential Address, metaphoric model, metaphor, cognitive science

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.3.23547

Abstract: This article is an attempt to present the concept of "writer’s fate" which has not yet been described in the scientific papers. The analysis is conducted on the base of associative experiment data which shows that there are a huge number of different respondents' verbal reactions to the stimulus ("writer's fate"). The results of associative experiment show that writer's fate is characterised as tragic, with loneliness and misunderstanding being its main features in native Russian speakers comprehension. Special emphasis is made on the lexeme "a writer" which is also proved to be a linguo-cultural concept due to its evaluative component. A writer is believed to be a true talented master in Russian language cognition who doesn't think about his glory but devotes his life to his work.

Keywords: gestalts, cognitive science, lexico-semantic analysis, synonyms, writer's fate, Russian language cognition, associative experiment, linguo-cultural concept, lexico-semantic word groups, concept's definition

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.24482

Abstract: In her article Gordova offers to create a catalogue of proper names that are used in a particular region. The process of creating such a catalogue directly relates to structuring of onomastic material and principles of its sorting in the list. The subject of the research is the regional catalogue of toponyms, its contents and structure. The author also gives a review of the most demanded catalogues of proper names, defines the main criteria of the toponymic catalogue, sources, principles of the material handling, set of conventional signs, and research potential. The study is based on the analysis of the list of toponyms that are used in the Ryazan Region and include geographical names of different time periods and categories. Gordova describes the methodology for creating a special onomastic list as a result of collecting, processing, and systematization of proper names taken from different types of sources or during field researches. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that Gordova develops a structure of the catalogue. Toponyms are given in the form of a structured list, in the geographical order, with the location of placenames and microtoponyms with reference to hyndronyms and indexes of a relevant hydronym, in the order of presenting the material from the outfall to the source, and accompanied with the determination of distinct corpuses of proper names within the basins of rivers of this or that region. The method offered by the author may be applied to the analysis of toponymy of any region of Russia that has a developed river system.

Keywords: geographical maps, field gathering materials, onomastic catalogue, statistical documents, regional onomastics, onomastic text, historical onomastics, onomastics of the lands of Ryazan, toponymy of Russia, Onomastics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.1.25163

Abstract: The article is devoted to the activities undertaken by the Council for German spelling to adapt the officially published Rules of German Spelling to the standards of the written communication in the German-speaking community. The subject of the research is the changes in the official rules of German spelling presented during the IIIth speech of the Council for German spelling in 2016. Without downplaying the importance of the German spelling reform as one of the most major language reforms of the latest century, the author of the article analyzes minuses of the reform, in particular, the fact that the reform did not fully fulfill its purpose to simplify the rules and reduce exceptions but made writing in German even more difficult. In her research Khakimova uses general research methods such as analysis, generalisation and systematisation of academic information and facts (legislative acts, researches, and mass media). Despite a great number of researches devoted to the German spelling reform, there haven't been many articles on the latest changes in the German spelling rules lately. The novelty of this research is caused by the fact that the author analyses these changes in particular. The practical importance of the research is caused by the fact that the author reviews the latest edition of German spelling rules which is undoubtedly an interesting issue for both teachers and wide audience participating in the written communication in German and being interested in German culture. The author concludes that by analysing the experience in spelling reforming of the German community we may develop sociocultural technologies of managing the language policy under the conditions of language reforms that can be used in all languages and communities.

Keywords: experience in spelling reforming, variable spelling of words, writing with uppercase letter, fused writing, letter-sound matching, case of the German language, development of written communications, adaptation of spelling rules, Council for German spelling, German spelling reform

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.4.30278

Abstract: The object of the research is an original literary text and its translation, in particular, evaluation of the quality of conveying humorous effect in translation. The subject of the research is the opportunity of statistical assessment of humorous effect in original texts and their translations followed by analysis of obtianed data. Generally, the author suggests to approximate the descriptive evaluation procedure to statistical assessment. To illustrate her research, Abaeva analyzes an English text and two variants of its translations to Russian. The main research method used by the author is the method of comparative analysis of original texts and their translations completed with the continuous sampling method, statistical method and others. Statistical comparison of the presence of humorous effect in a literary work demonstrated in this article allows, firstly, to view one of the elements of the author individual style from a more objective point, secondly, to present the melody of a text and thirdly, to compare texts without focusing on minor losses that are inavoidable in literay translation.

Keywords: script opposition, script, humour, comparative analysis, literary text, humorous effect, translation, idiostyle, text melody, statistical analysis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.7.33259

Abstract: This article examines the telescopic nominations as a peculiar type of tropeic utilization of proper names, in which anthroponyms are used as the foundation from the perspective of the method of introduction into a publicistic text, as well as specificities of their functionality within modern English-language mass media. It is demonstrated that telescopy as a special type of abbreviation is one of the most productive means of enrichment of the mass media language, as telescopic nominations in publicistic texts combine high expressiveness and informativeness of provided material. This article analyzes the form and function of onyms as a part of telescopic nominations in modern English-language publicistic culture. It is established that in the modern English, telescopic nominations represent a rapidly growing layer of the lexicon, confirmed by the active use of this word-forming model that includes proper names. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive lexical stylistic analysis of the process of formation and proliferation of the linguistic novelties, peculiarities of their application in speech, as well as character and dynamics of the global linguistic processes. The practical importance of the acquired results lies in the fact that they can be used within the framework of teaching such disciplines lexicology, linguoculturology, stylistics, as well as creation of textbooks on these disciplines.

Keywords: haplological telescopisms, telescopisms, mass media language, mass media text, mass media discourse, anthroponym, onomastics, partial telescopisms, proper names, onyms

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32352

Abstract: The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the fact colloquial languages are in a state of constant change and development, generating new words and expressions for designating new concepts and phenomena. The understanding of neologism even in the native language often can be fraught with certain difficulties, as such words and phrases are registered by dictionaries behind time. It also can create problems in translating neologisms into another language, as well as their borrowing by other languages. The goal of this work consists in examination of the process of calquing of the newly formed English-language collocations by the French language. The subject of the article is the full calques and half-calques of collocations of English origin in the process of their integration into the modern French language. Methodology is based on the lexicographic, descriptive and comparative methods, cognitive and lexical-semantic analysis, and continuous sampling. The conducted research displays that in borrowing collocations from the English language by the modern French language, the generalized-descriptive reconsideration of the entire phrase is observed in formation of a new phraseological with regards to both, full calques of English phraseologisms and phraseological half-calques. Special interest present the calques of the English collocation of phraseological and non-phraseological nature, which in the French language get an expanded meaning, or become the basis for formation of new phraseologisms due to broadening of their meaning.

Keywords: French Language, Franglais, Anglicisms, English Borrowings, Phraseological Units, Fixed Word-Combinations, Calques, Neologisms, Loan-Translation, English Language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.3.32617

Abstract: The subject of this research is the auxiliary terminological elements of Greek-Latin origin, determined by the author at the current state of study from the German one-word veterinary terms. The article considers the problem of word creation within the veterinary terminological system of German language using the terminological material of classical languages. The goal consists in identification of the most efficient morphological ways of word creation based on affixation, derivational activity of auxiliary Greek-Latin terminological elements in creation of derivative veterinary terms in German language, as well as review of the semantics of most frequent initial and completive terminological elements. Based on the analysis of the corpus of factual material, the author concludes that the most efficient out of morphological ways of derivatives of nouns and adjectives is the prefix-suffix method. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the most frequent initial and completive auxiliary terminological elements in German veterinary sublanguage among one-word derivatives.

Keywords: prefix word-formation process, prefixes of Greek-Latin origin, Greek-Latin suffixes, the Greco-Latin terminability, one-word term, affixation, morphological ways of word formation, German veterinary term system, suffixing method of word formation, prefix-suffix method of word formation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.5.32967

Abstract: Multiple scientific works are dedicated to studying the impact of linguistic factors upon the translation process. However, relevant remains the task of determining dependence of the translation strategy on the peculiarities of semantic development and functionality of terminological units. This article examines the functional-semantic aspects of translation of the adjective-substantive terminological phrases of English language that reflects the scientific notions of psychology. An attempt is made to develop the methods for translating terminological phrases that would consider syntagmatic aspects of interaction of the meanings of its components. Attention is focused on determination of the impact of peculiarities of terminological meaning of terminological phrase upon the choice of its conveying in translation. A conclusion is made that the translation process of terminological phrases from English to Russian are influenced by such factors, as the level of semantic closeness of terminological phrases and communicative significance of its adjective component. In conclusion, the author discusses strategies of selection of the way of translation of terminological phrases, taking into account the aforementioned factors.

Keywords: semantic syntax, psychological terminology, the English terminology, terminological phrases, English-Russian translation, terminology translation, functional syntax, derivation, phraseologization, semantic change

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.11.34129

Abstract: This article examines the usage of euphemisms in the language of one of the genres of humor discourse – the satirical monologue. The subject of this research is the functions fulfilled by euphemisms in the monologues of S. T. Altov, M. N. Zadornov, L. M. Izmailov, V. M. Koklyushkin, A. A. Trushkin). Euphemisms in satirical monologue have not yet been the objects of linguistic research, although the analysis of their specificity would broaden the knowledge on the functions of this linguistic means. The methods of observation, continuous sampling, description, analysis, and synthesis were applied for studying euphemisms. As a result, the author determines that in humor discourse, the euphemisms become not only the means for concealing the forbidden content, but also effective elements for creating humor. In the genre of satirical monologue, the author and the performer traditionally create a vivid image of the character, and usage of euphemisms depends on the nature of this image, first and foremost, on the level of its education and culture. Moreover, euphemisms harmonize with other means of creating humor (puns, repetitions, metaphor, metonymy, outplaying of precedent phenomena, and stylistic contrast), forming a distinct satirical space in each of the monologues. Satirists tend to uniqueness with regards to structuring euphemisms.

Keywords: Lion Izmailov, Mikhail Zadornov, Semyon Altov, euphemism, euphemia, satirical monologue, humorous discourse, humor, Viktor Koklyushkin, Anatoly Trushkin

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.5.35481

Abstract: The subject of this research is the linguistic peculiarities of the genre of recruitment ads as one of the key genres of written communication in the Russian-language discourse. The verbal realization of the genre of advertisement in recruitment sphere is of particular value as a subject of sociolinguistic and communicative analysis. The examination of linguistic characteristics of the discourse on employment is necessary in order for the actors of communication to use most effective verbal means of application of the mechanisms of social adaptation in the corresponding communicative situation, which can contribute to the effective interaction of all participants of the discourse, as well as considerably contribute to the solution of employment question. The goal of this work consists in determination of verbal characteristics of an advertisement within the discourse on employment. In the course of the research, it was establishment that recruitment ads use the linguistic means formal business and publicistic styles. The acquired results can be implemented in the development of courses for preparation of human resource specialists. The texts of such advertisements can be used in the process of teaching professional communication, including in teaching Russian language to foreign students. The novelty is consists in determination and substantiation of the linguistic peculiarities of such genre of written communication as recruitment ads in the Internet environment. The author notes a new trend in functionality of language in the institutional discourse– a unique combination of the characteristics of two styles on the lexical, grammatical and syntactic levels. The conclusion is made that genre of recruitment ads is a “borderline” genre at the intersection of formal business and publicistic styles.

Keywords: grammatical features, lexical features, language tools, announcement, speech genre, written communication, employment discourse, syntactic features, official business style, journalistic style

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.9.36362

Abstract: This article analyzes the newspaper texts from the perspective of specificity of manifestation of the literary jargonizing type of speech culture – one of the relevant tasks of modern speech studies, substantiated by the state of modern journalism and linguistic problems of mass media. This paper complements a range of linguistic research that determine the attributes of the types of speech culture. The object of this article is the journalistic speech of the popular weekly newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, the linguistic peculiarities of which (intentional inclusion in the texts of colloquialisms and jargon elements) are substantiated by the thematic orientation of publications. The subject of this article is the texts of articles written by the correspondent A. Meshkov in their ration with the specificity of manifestation of the markers of literary-jargonizing type of speech culture. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of creative style of the journalist, which allow tracing the goals of jargonization of the own speech. The analysis of speech culture of A. Meshkov is based on the anthropocentric approach, as well as linguostylistic, communicative and discursive methods of modern Russian studies. The conclusion is made that the literary-jargonizing type cannot have an unambiguous assessment, since it characterizes different types of the users of jargon speech. The novelty of the study consists in the attempt to extend the boundaries of literary-jargonizing type by determining two variations with the common and distinguishing features. Analysis of the articles authored by A. Meshkov allows attributing his speech culture to the second type of literary jargonization, which is characterized by appropriateness and expediency of using extraliterary linguistic units for delivering the author’s message, professional degree, experience, creative individuality, and unique style.

Keywords: taboo vocabulary, jargon, journalistic mask, the method of enabled monitoring, literary-jargonizing type, type of speech culture, speech culture, jargonization, speech characteristics, newspaper speech

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.10.36496

Abstract: The subject of this research is the audio guide as a relatively new multimedia product used in the sphere of tourism and education. The author determines the key advantages of using audio guide, as well as functional-linguistic peculiarities of organizing this genre of tourism discourse. Classification of audio guides is carried out based on their target audience and content. Special attention is given to examination of the prospects of using audio guides in teaching foreign languages. The author outlines the functions performed by audio guides in foreign language classes, such as entertainment, promotional, scientific-enlightening, scientific research, and educational. The scientific novelty lies in consideration of the type of educational activity that used audio guide as a modern and highly effective means of mastering foreign language skills. Audio guide not only creates favorable conditions for the implementation of educational-pedagogical activity, but also has a wide range of variations for solution of educational tasks. The use of audio guides is particularly relevant in studying the disciplines related to cultural-historical heritage of the country of origin of the language taught; they can also be used in expanding vocabulary, learning grammar, phonetics, etc. The article describes the most popular software and services for working with audio materials, as well as the examples of using a multimedia product in the classes of English phonetics.

Keywords: informativity, colloquial style, journalistic, scientific, information technologies, tourist discourse, multimedia guide, audio guide, terminology, impersonality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.9.37268

Abstract: An integral feature of science fiction literature is the realities of the fictional world by the author or the so-called quasi-realities. The transfer of realities from one language to another is still an urgent problem of linguistics and causes difficulties for both beginners and professional translators. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze ways to convey the realities of F. Herbert's novel “Dune” in translations into Russian and French. The choice of the actual research material – F. Herbert's novel “Dune” – was not made by chance. It is explained by the significant influence exerted by this work on the entire industry of world science fiction, the presence in it of all the classical elements inherent in this literary genre, as well as the undying interest in the Dune universe. In the course of the work, the following methods were used as the main ones: comparative analysis, the method of continuous sampling, methods of classification, interpretation and linguistic commentary. The article classifies the author's terminology of the novel and identifies the main groups of quasi-realities. These lexical units became the object of comparative analysis of the original text and its translations, which allowed to identify translation difficulties and ways to overcome them. Of particular interest for the study was not only in comparing the original with each translation separately, but also in comparing these translations with each other. As a result, it was found that when transferring the author's anthroponyms, most toponyms and ethnonyms in Russian translation, lexical transformations of transcription and transliteration were used, whereas in French their original forms were preserved. When transferring quasi-grammatical names in both languages compared, semantic translation, morphemic translation, calcification, creation of similar neologisms and, in rare cases, transcription/transliteration (in the Russian version) and preservation of the original form (in French) were used.

Keywords: science fiction, Dune, literary translation, translation of realities, quasi-realities, translation from English, comparative analysis, translation of anthroponyms, chrematonyms, quasi toponyms

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.2.37502

Abstract: This article attempts to determine the sources of enrichment of terminology in the field of veterinary parasitology based on the German language material. The relevance is defined by the lack of comprehensive research on the methods of forming terms and terminological phrases in the German language that denote invasive, i.e. parasitic, animal diseases. The goal lies in the analysis of the most effective methods of word formation that denote invasive diseases, as well as the nature of linguistic material used for supplementing the terminological system of veterinary parasitology. Description is given to the methods for borrowing terms; semantic, morphological-syntactic, morphological and syntactic ways of formation of terms. The scientific novelty consists in carrying out comprehensive linguistic analysis of terminological nominations in the German language in the field of veterinary parasitology. It is proven that the corpus of German terms denoting invasive diseases contains a large number of borrowings of Greek-Latin origin, which allows forming the hybrid terms. Among the composite terms, the overwhelming majority are two-word terms of Greek-Latin origin. In the group of multicomponent terminological phrases, most common are the two-component substantive phrases, the generic component of which is the nomination of animal disease, while the specific concept is the name of a particular animal species.

Keywords: morphological methods, two-word term, word composition, hybrid terms, term element, loanwords, invasive animal diseases, term system of veterinary parasitology, syntactic method, terminological phrase

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.4.37821

Abstract: The subject of the study is Christian religious vocabulary, which has several specific features and forms a special church-religious lexis style. The purpose of the presented research is to show the main features of Christian religious lexis in Russian church-religious auto-documentary tests. The importance of the work is determined by the fact that it is carried out in line with theolinguistics - an actively developing direction of modern philology. The basis of the study is published spiritual letters, spiritual diaries and spiritual memoirs of Russian Orthodox church writers of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. The analysis of those materials is based on theolinguistic, linguostylistic, typological and contextual methods, as well as the method of philological commentary. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it examines in detail the types of religious lexis used in Russian ecclesiastical-religious auto-documentary texts; provides illustrations of their existence; identifies the ideological reasons for their use by church writers; shows the stylistic functions of the types of religious vocabulary; highlights the features of their use, in particular, the types of contexts in which the studied language units are used. It is established that the most common types of religious names found in Russian ecclesiastical and religious auto-documentary texts are theonyms; biblionyms; hagioanthroponyms; icononyms; ecclesionyms; names of angels; names of biblical events; names of evangelical heroes; names of Christian sacraments; linguistic units related to the corpus of Orthodox vocabulary of spiritual and moral content; names of persons associated with Christian religious activity; linguistic units denoting Christian texts; Christian georthonyms; names of religious-Christian groups of persons; linguistic units denoting concepts related to Orthodox eschatological representations; names of infernal entities; identified religious names are used in such stylistic functions as pictorial, characterological, emotive, evaluative, prescriptive, syndicative, semantic, axiological, text-forming, nominative, explanatory. The results of the study are of interest for lexicology, stylistics, ethnolinguistics, linguoculturology, theolinguistics.

Keywords: stylistic function, typology, theolinguistics, functional style, church-religious style, auto-documentary text, spiritual writing, spiritual diary, spiritual memories, religious name

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.4.40020

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the implementation of such a method of word formation as reduplication. The analysis of the linguistic material indicates a fairly wide distribution of this phenomenon in modern French, Spanish, English and Russian. The authors study the features of the implementation of various types of reduplication in the studied languages, and also consider in detail the features of their functioning. The material for the study is examples of reduplicative units from the press and from open sources on the Internet. In the course of the study, methods such as the analysis of theoretical literature, the method of comparative analysis, the method of continuous sampling, as well as observation and generalization, were used. The novelty of the study lies in identifying the dynamics of the functional development of reduplications in the French, Spanish, English and Russian vocabulary in the modern period. The study showed that, although the principles of formation of different types of reduplicative units are comparable in modern French, Spanish, English and Russian, however, there are pronounced differences in the preference for the areas of use of types of reduplication in different languages under study. Of particular interest is the fact that French is characterized by the widespread use of reduplication in the formation of nicknames of famous people from the world of politics and show business, whereas in Spanish, English and Russian it is a rather rare phenomenon.

Keywords: Spanish language, French language, Neologisms, Word Creation, Word Formation, Reduplicative Lexical Units, Reduplicative Words, Reduplication, English Language, Russian language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.10.68704

Abstract: This article presents the results of the study of the transformation of the concept of MONEY in the everyday consciousness of the speakers of Russian linguoculture in the period from the end of the XX to the first third of the XXI century and a description of its actual content. The relevance of this study is due to significant changes in the realities of life in the specified period, which could not but be reflected in everyday consciousness, as well as the use of a special methodology for studying concepts. The study was conducted within the framework of a triangulation approach, using a combination of three methods of various humanities: associative experiment, the method of pictorial associations and a sociological survey. The combination of these methods allows the author to comprehensively study the subject and get the most complete picture of the subject being studied. As a result of the analysis, significant changes in the structure and content of the concept of MONEY for the specified period were revealed, changes in their perception as a phenomenon were revealed, their domestic status determined, and the place of financial well-being in the value system of ordinary carriers of lingvoculture determined. The proposed methodology and the presented conclusions can be used in conducting other psycholinguistic studies, as well as be useful to sociologists and economists. We see the prospect of further research in further monitoring of changes in the concept of MONEY, as well as in further improvement of the methodology used.

Keywords: associative dictionary, drawing methodology, sociological survey, associative experiment, russian liguaculture, ordinary consciousness, money, triangulation, concept, transformation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2013.2.8004

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.4.30111

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of complex cases when there is a need to differentiate between subordinate parts of the sentence according to traditional classifications (the case study of the Ukranian language). Despite a great number of practical guidelines and theoretical concepts, differentiation between parts of the sentence is still an unsolved issue, especially because there are new aspects of their description appearing at each new stage of scientific research. The rationale of the topic is emphasized by the great variety of concepts and approaches to describing the place of sentence components in relation to other syntactic units, their classification, differentiation criteria, formal, semantic and communicative differentiation. The authors of the article describe means of differentiation between subordinate parts of a sentence depending on their differential structural-semantic features. They also define a set of possible synonymous transformations to define parts of sentences. The researchers also offer their own mechanism for differentiation between object and unagreed attribute taking into account lexico-grammatical peculiarities of the principal and subordinate components of a sentence. They give grounds for differentiation between apposition and word being identified. The methodological and theoretical grounds of the research include researches of F. Buslaev, D. Ovsyanikov-Kulikovsky and others. The authors have applied the method of description to write this article. As a conclusion, they state that analyzed problems of differentiation between subordinate parts of a sentence demonstrate the main drawback of traditional education, i.e. combination of semantic and formal features in interpretation of parts of a sentence. According to the authors, it is possible to avoid difficulty differentiation between structural-semantic components if traditional classification will be improved, in particular, it is necessary to acknowledge syncretism of the classification of parts of a sentence or analysis of minimal syntactic units against formal-syntactical, semantic-syntactical and communicative structures of a sentence.

Keywords: attribute, object, classification of parts of sentence, minimal syntactic unit, parts of a sentence, apposition, adverbial, noun, proper noun, common noun

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31119

Abstract: This article examines the new concepts in power engineering and their definitions such as grid, digitization, digital substation, virtualization, virtual power plant and others, chosen based on the materials of sectoral forums and scientific publications. The examples of various interpretations for certain terms are provided. For referring the new terms to the category of neologisms, the author suggests to apply the previously elaborated criteria. The methods of translating English terms into the Russian language are described. Using the method of continuous sampling, the author selected 19 neologisms in English language; definitive and structural-semantic analyses are applied. The conclusion is made that the indicated terms and term collocations may be considered as neologisms in a broad and narrow sense. The research is of theoretical and practical interest due to the fact that translation and unambiguous interpretation of new terms is essential to optimization of professional communication by the specialists in the field of power engineering.

Keywords: interpretation, standard, dictionary, criteria, electric power engineering, translation, definition, neologism, term, concept

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.6.33097

Abstract: This work examines the fundamental differences between legal systems, defining uniqueness of the Russian-language and English-language criminal legal discourses, which should be taken into consideration during communication. Moving general-to-specific, the authors analyze the main differences at the legal system level, directly impacting translation of criminal procedural terminology (primary source of law, its role in formation of juridical technique, etc.), and concentrate their attention on the unique traits of lingual and non-lingual element (idea of the criminal legal system, ways of verbalization, etc.), characteristic to Russian and Anglo-American criminal legal discourses. The novelty of this research is justified by the fact that extralinguistic factors of legal discourse and their role during representation has only been generally studied, without sufficient work being done on verbalization of criminal legal system in the Russian and English languages. Referring to separate articles of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the authors propose a way of transmitting the essence of the Russian legal institution of investigation and the stage of preliminary inquiry by means of Anglo-American legal terminology.

Keywords: cross-legal-system translation, equivalence, discourse analysis, legal linguistics, legal discourse, legal translation, criminal law, criminal procedure, common law, civil law

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.4.35301

Abstract: The goal of this article is to present a brief analytical overview of the modern linguistic studies of memoir texts. The object of this research is the scientific works of the linguists of two recent decades dedicated to memoirs. The subject is the polemical questions in the linguistic descriptions of memoir texts. The article examines the problem of identification of genre status of memoirs and systematization of genre forming attributes of the memoir texts. Various approaches towards their classification are described. Special attention is given to the aspects of studying memoirs in modern linguistics. The key research method is the traditional for linguistics analytical-descriptive method for reviewing the scientific literature on the topic. The author proves heightened attention of the Russian linguistics towards studying memoir texts. It is revealed that the Russian scholars attribute memoirs to the documental, documental-fictional, or documental-publicistic genres, as well as propose various approaches towards their classification, which is substantiated by different interpretation of the concept of “memoirs”. It is also determined that multiple research of memoir texts are cross-disciplinary; however major attention is paid to linguopragmatic and linguopersonological aspects. Emphasis is placed on the memoirs of prominent writers, politicians, and military officers. The author acknowledges that the study of memoir texts in the linguoimagological aspect is promising. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the acquired results give a systematic perspective on the problem of linguistic research of memoir literature as the Russian national heritage.

Keywords: interdisciplinarity, contemporary memoir, aspects of linguistic research, literary genre, speech genre, memoir text, memoirs, linguopragmatics, linguopersonology, linguoimagology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.6.38110

Abstract: This work is devoted to the issue of the translation of artistic and visual means from English into Russian based on the material of Francis Scott Fitzgerald's work of fiction "The Great Gatsby". It concerns research on various ways of adequately conveying the author's intentions of a work of art in the receiving language and recreating the stylistic effect of the original through figurative means in the translation process. The object of our research is the linguistic visual means that the translator uses to create imagery. The subject of the study is the stylistic features of the translation of visual and expressive means of language in F. Fitzgerald's work "The Great Gatsby". The relevance of the topic, therefore, is due to the need for a comprehensive study of stylistic techniques when translating from one language to another. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the need to study various means of expression, which in each case, in addition to the aesthetic function, help the author to fully reveal the meaning of the work. The article solves the following main tasks: to analyze the features of the translation of fiction, to identify the main lexical and stylistic figures in the novel "The Great Gatsby", to analyze the translation of the selected means of expression. As a result, we found that the transfer of stylistic means of expression presents certain difficulties for the translator due to their ambiguity. Various means of expression give an emotionally expressive assessment, characterize objects and phenomena, "decode" the author's intentions.

Keywords: translation of expressing means, translation, a language of fiction, a figure of speech, literary translation, comparison, stylistic figures of speech, metaphor, epithet, lexical means of expression

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.8.33644

Abstract: The subject of this article is the methods of terminographical translation of legal terminology of the Sakha language employed in the Russian-Yakut legal dictionary. The goal of this work consists in determination of peculiarities of legal terminological lexicon and ways of conveying it to Yakut language. Terminographical analysis of the dictionary demonstrated that there is no strict rule for selecting the framework legal terms and terminological phrases. For example, the legal status of some commonly used words is questionable; the so-called “non-terminological” parts of speech manifest as the head term, and the form of feminine gender is presented excessively, which the authors propose on the equal basis with the form of masculine gender. This article is first to conduct a detailed analysis of instances of application of Russian-Yakut translation techniques of legal terms, such as equivalent, alternative translation, calquing, transliteration, as well as descriptive, situational and other translation methods. The article is based on the inductive-deductive method and method of selective sampling for terminographical analysis of translations of translation of legal terms and terminological phrases. The results terminographical analysis of the Russian-Yakut translation of legal allow concluding on the need for comprising the more extensive Russian-Yakut dictionaries of legal and sociopolitical terms.

Keywords: equivalent, terminographic analysis, vocabulary, ways of transfer, legal terminology, Russian-Yakut translation, inventory type dictionary, Yakut language, variant translation, terminological phrase

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.2.35082

Abstract: This article examines the compound nominal predicate in the modern English language for determination of its most commonly used structural components – copulative verbs and copular (nominal) part (copular components) in the publicistic style. A brief review is given on the compound nominal predicate, literary speech style, publicistic speech style, degree of development of the problem. The research material is comprised of the British online news resources – BBC News and The Guardian. The texts of news articles on various topics were selected for the period from January 2020 to January 2021. The scope of research material contains 60,000 words. Attention is focused on the copulative verbs, such as appear, become, get, go, grow, feel, keep, look, prove, remain, seem, sound. On the examples from texts, the author demonstrates the application of the listed copulative verbs in line with various copular components in the compound nominal predicate. The obtained results allow concluding that in the publicistic text, the most common copulative verbs in the compound nominal predicate are: become, remain, get, feel; the most common copular component in the compound nominal predicate is the adjective, noun, participle and dependent clause.

Keywords: English language, online news resources, frequency, belles-lettres style, publicist style, compound nominal predicate, the linking component (element) of the predicate, the nominal (linking) part of the predicate, copular verb, combinability

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.6.35856

Abstract: The ever-increasing volume of scientific publications determines the high interest of researchers in abstracting as one of the ways to present the content of the source text in a concise form. This determines the relevance of this work, which discusses the problem of transition from the primary text to its abstract presentation. In particular, using the example of an English-language scientific article on social psychology, an attempt is made to study the criteria for identifying key semantic components in the process of abstracting at the stage of understanding the source text. A theoretical review of scientific papers covering the problem of abstracting a scientific text, as well as a comparative analysis of the source and secondary texts of the article under consideration, allowed us to formulate the main patterns of interpretation of the logical-semantic and discursive structure of the source text as one of the stages of the abstracting process. It was found that in the process of understanding the text, the recipient, analyzing the connections between statements, integrates them into a holistic semantic formation, based on his own assumptions about the possible functional purpose of this text fragment. At the end of the process of understanding the text, the recipient deduces knowledge about the communicative intention of the author of the text and the role of each of the sections of the text in its implementation. It seems that this knowledge becomes the basis for the formation of a propositional model of the source text, which serves as the basis for creating the text of the abstract.

Keywords: communication goal, logical structure, rhetorical structure, propositional model, discursive structure, criteria for significant components, generation of secondary text, interpretation of the primary text, report, referencing

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.10.36534

Abstract: This article analyzes the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century. The phonic and graphic word forms compete in the process of phonetic-graphic adaptation of global lexis to the conditions of the accepting language. The spring to life of the loanword in the new orthographic conditions is associated with variability of the form. Over time, the form of the word stabilizes, resulting in formal de-barbarization of the loanword. In the early XXI century, certain lexical globalisms retain variability even after codification in the normative and specialized dictionaries. The concept of overcoming the variability of orthographic norm in the conditions of linguistic globalization is not being fully implemented, causing orthographic destabilization. On the one hand, the rollback to orthographic variability demonstrates complex vicissitudes of the formation of speech culture of the era of linguistic globalization, while on the other hand is substantiated by specificity of the mechanisms of phonetic-graphic adaptation of loanwords in the Russian language. The variability expands due to the adaptation of new words from the global English departs from the existing orthographic rules. The author demonstrates the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization using the representative examples; as well as concludes that it is of destructive nature, and should be overcome by hewing to the relevant orthographic trends and rules.

Keywords: orthology, adaptation of borrowed words, language globalization, variability of the orthography norms, Russian language, lexicigraphy, internazionalisms, globalisms, global communication, dictionary

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.1.18011

Abstract: The subject of the present article is the analysis of the composition of a literary text as a narrative method and one of the stylistic expressive means. The author of the article studies peculiarities of the fulfilment of the stylistic potential and constitutive functions of composition in R. N. Mitra's novels. The object of the research is the peculiarities of composition of literary works by an American writer of the late XXth- early XXIst centuries Raghu N. Mitra. The actual material for the research is the four novels comprising the Manhattan Murder Mystery Series. The main research methods are the descriptive and comparative analysis that imply isolation of parts, elements and units of an object under research and viewing them as particular subjects of research. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author views composition as a research object of linguistic stylistics. The importance of the research is caused by the fact that results of the research contribute to the development of the theory of literary work interpretation as well as solution of stylistics issues. In the course of the research the author concludes that one fo the most typical features of R. N. Mitra's individual style was a special modelling of time and space in his novels. Along with the straight-line narrative, R. N. Mitra also uses the restrospective and special temporal and local narration.

Keywords: modelling of time, interpretation of a literary text, linguostylistics , narrative method, R. N. Mitra, composition of a literary text, modelling of space, narration, intertextuality, epigraph

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.12.37117

Abstract: The relevance of this research is substantiated by the growing importance of the emotional aspect of modern media communication discourse, as well as the by the fact that linguistic personality of the politician in the realities of current electoral systems of the United States and the Russian Federation can be an instrument of emotional impact upon the audience, first and foremost with the use of emotive lexicon. The goal of this article lies in description of the results of comparative study of emotives in the US and Russian media discourse, determined in the speech of linguistic personality of the politician. The research material leans on media speeches of the candidates for the presidency of the United States and the Russian Federation, covering the period from May 2016 to April 2018. Methodological framework is comprised of the linguoecological and emotionological approaches, namely the linguistic theory of emotions of V. I. Shakhovsky, who outlines the three semantic statuses of emotivity of the lexicon. It is established that linguistic personality of the politician in the US and Russian media discourse is actively and diversely represented via emotive lexicon. However, the degree of intensity of emotional manifestations of linguistic personality of the Russian politician is greater than the verbal manifestations of the US politician. The determined emotives and their frequency in the speech of linguistic personality of the politician in the US and Russian media discourse are a new achievement for the discursive linguistics, pragmalinguistics, and emotionology. This research contributes to the development of psycholinguistics, political linguistics, and media linguistics, as well as further study of emotives in the political media discourse of different linguistic cultures from the comparative perspective.

Keywords: connotatives, affectives, emotives, emotive analysis, emotion, media discourse, language personality of a politician, potentiatives, comparative analysis, comparative linguistics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.1.67582

Keywords: modelling of time, interpretation of a literary text, linguostylistics, narrative method, R. N. Mitra, composition of a literary text, modelling of space, narration, intertextuality, epigraph

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.2.28991

Abstract: The subject of the research is specific nature of national specificity manifestation of the lacunae belonging to different parts of speech. The purpose is to describe the thematic groups of Russian-English verbal, substantive and attributive lacunae relating to the military sphere. To bring to light the national peculiarity the system of formalized indexes is used. The research novelty is connected with revealing and testing new formalized parameters within the groups of lacunae that have not been studied from such perspective. In the course of the research we made use of the following methods: the continuous sampling method from a lexicographical source, the quantitative analysis method, comparative analysis and comparative-parametric method of linguistic research. The theoretical importance of the research is determined by the fact that methods of comparative description have got further amplification. The indexes are used to determine quantitative characteristics of national peculiarity. The results we obtained can be utilized in practice of teaching professionally oriented translation, comparative typology of the Russian and English languages and be used for further inter and intralinguistic research. Through the prism of the indexes conclusion about the degree of the groups’ national specificity is drawn.

Keywords: antonymic pairs, the index of gender lacunae, semantic proximity, national specificity, degree of manifestation, formalized parameters, military sphere, the index of nominative non-representativeness, Russian-English lacunae, explicit-generalizing attributive lacunae

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.9.38385

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis of the pragmatic level of the linguistic personality of the hero of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky Dmitry Karamazov. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that it is carried out within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics. The object of the study is the speech parts of the hero of the novel in the aspect of communicative activity. The subject of the study is the communicative strategies and tactics in the speech behavior of Dmitry Karamazov. The aim of the study is to describe the pragmatic level of the linguistic personality of the hero of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov". In the work we use the traditional descriptive method, the method of continuous sampling, the method of contextual analysis, the method of communicative and pragmatic analysis. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that the work describes for the first time the hero of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel Dmitry Karamazov as a special linguistic personality. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results of the research in the educational process in the courses "National specifics of Russian speech behavior" and "Sociolinguistics". The paper analyzes the dominant motives of Dmitry Karamazov's communicative activity, describes the hero's communicative strategies and linguistic ways of their implementation. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the features of Dmitry Karamazov's speech behavior at different language levels, as well as about the possible causes of the hero's communicative failures.

Keywords: communication block, communication goal, language implementation, communication act, pragmatics, motives of communicative activity, language personality, Dmitry Karamazov, communication tactics, communication strategy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.26644

Abstract: In her research Zvereva presents the results of an in-depth analysis of the concept of 'euphemism' carried out for the purpose of discovering relationships between different aspects of the concept. The object of the research is the definition of euphemism and its elements. The subject of the research is the relationships between these aspects. The author of the article pays special attention to the analysis of the semantic, functional and linguistic and cultural aspects. The research material involves euphemisms found by the author in texts of modern Russian printing media (mostly the Izvestia Newspaper articles because Izvestia is the most popular broadsheet newspaper in Russia that is targeted at wide readership and is not affected by far right or far left views). To achieve this oal, the authr of the article has used many methods, the main method being the descriptive analytical method and its basic elements including observation, generalisation and interpretation. To analyze euphemistic words and expressions in terms of a particular aspect, the author has used the contextual analysis method (semantic aspect) and comparative analysis and survey (functional and linguistc and cultural aspects). This approach has demonstrated the diversity and variety of the nature of euphemisms and outline hirozons and prospects of their analysis as well as to actualize the research of euphemism in terms of modern scientific paradigm. In addition, based on the research results the author has made a conclusion that there is a close interdependence between specific topics and pragmatic focus of mass media texts as well as the ability of euphemisms to reflect features of a particular linguoculture.

Keywords: functional aspect, semantic aspect, linguopragmatics, comic effect, speech manipulation, political correctness, intercultural communication, linguistic and cultural features, euphemism, linguistic and cultural aspects

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.4.32783

Abstract: The subject of this research is the heritage of Indo-European poetics in works of the Ancient Greek poet Solon. The object of this research is the elegies and fragments of his hexametric oeuvres. The authors examine such aspects of the topic as: 1) retention in Solon’s poetry of the structures similar to exposition of hymns in Ancient Greek and Ancient Indian traditions; 2) preservation of stylistic figures widely represented in the poetry of ancient Indo-European peoples; 3) preservation of poetic expressions and mythological ideas that may date back to Indo-European times. For achieving the set goals, the author employ the methods of text hermeneutics, semantic analysis, and comparative-historical linguistics. The following conclusions are made: in the corpus of Solon’s texts there are fragments very similar to expositions of hymns in the Ancient Greek and Vedic traditions; Solon’s poetry contains stylistic approaches that can be reconstructed to the level of Indo-European poetics; poetic expressions and mythological representations dated back to Indo-European times are retained in Solon’s texts.

Keywords: sanscrit, Avesta, Greece, reconstruction, poetics, Indo-European, Ancient Greek, elegy, Solon, poetry

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.3.70154

Abstract: The article is devoted to the ideographic and semantic characteristics of phraseological units. The subject of the study is the phraseological units of the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages, denoting deviant human behavior.The purpose of the article is to identify from the phraseological composition of the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages a group of phraseological units, the common semantic feature of which has an extralinguistic nature (all of them denote deviant human behavior), and to describe the semantic features of these phraseological units, taking into account the achievements of modern phraseological and psychological sciences. The scheme of ideographic classification of the language proposed by Professor Y. F. Pradid and tested in the works of his students was used in the work. The ideographic classification has the following structure: synonymic series → semantic group → semantic field → thematic group → thematic field → ideographic group → ideographic field → archipole. Two thematic groups are distinguished in the thematic field of phraseological units "Deviant human behavior": "Criminal human behavior", "Criminally non-punishable (non-contrary) immoral human behavior". The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of phraseology and psychology. A descriptive method was used when writing the article. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the complex mechanism of the phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" in Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages. The complex application of ideographic and semantic aspects allowed us to obtain new results regarding the essence and semantic organization of this layer of phraseological units, the place of the phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" in the structure of the phraseological system of the Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages. The ideographic and semantic analysis of phraseological units combined into the phraseological microsystem "Deviant human behavior" gave grounds to conclude that the structure of this thematic field corresponds to the categorization of deviant behavior presented in psychological science. The analysis of phraseological units denoting deviant human behavior will contribute to further linguistic research of phraseological ideography, the development of a general typology of research methods for phraseological microsystems in ideographic and semantic aspects.

Keywords: synonymous series, semantic field, thematic group, deviant human behavior, phraseological unit, Ukrainian language, phraseological microsystem, ideography, Russian language, Crimean Tatar language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.30905

Abstract: This article is dedicated to studying the impact of the spheres of genetics and genetic engineering and their impact upon the formation of corresponding term system in the modern Russian, English and Spanish languages. In the course of research, the author examines the origin of the key genetic terminological units along with their certain etymological and structural-systemic peculiarities. The article determines and explores the main stages in development of the spheres of genetics and genetic engineering from the perspective of emergence and functionality of the corresponding terminological units, interrelation of genetics with other spheres of human activity. The selection of Russian, English and Spanish terms pertinent to the sphere of genetics and genetic engineering – total of approximately 300 units picked from the books, scientific articles, electronic and printed dictionaries and glossaries, as well as Internet portals on the topic, served as the material for this article. The conclusion is made that the development of term systems of genetics and genetic engineering is inseparable from establishment of the corresponding referential spheres. It is underlined that the genetic terminology in the modern Russian, English and Spanish languages has a significant amount of terminological borrowings from other term systems, particularly biology, medicine, chemistry, physics, and others. Despite this fact and close link of the spheres of genetics and genetic engineering with the aforementioned sciences, the spheres under consideration are independent and sector-specific, functioning within their terminological units.

Keywords: base term, borrowing, reference sphere, genetic engineering, genetics, terminological system, terminology, term, definitional analysis, etymological analysis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32362

Abstract: The subject of this research is the structural components of hypergenre “personal file”. The object of this research is business letters. Analysis is conducted on the basis of archived personal filed of the students of Arkhangelsk State Medical Institute for the period from 1930’s – 1940s. The goal consist in introducing new texts of business correspondence into the scientific discourse. In the course of this study, the author solves the following tasks: extraction of documents from the personal files that genre-wise belong to correspondence; determination of genre distinctness of the extracted documents; description of stylistic and functional characteristic of letters and notes. The discursive-communicative analysis of the texts of business correspondence proves that the addresser and the addressee are based on the general social presuppositions. The genre analysis allowed studying the specificity of the genre of business letter and note. For examination of linguistic units of business texts, the author uses the methods of semantic, stylistic and discursive analysis. It is claimed that the hypergenre “personal file” includes a special genre group – business letter or note that manifests as the structural elements of personal file. The author highlights the documents comprising the group of letters/notes based on the formal criterion, i.e. presence of addressee; from the perspective of functional criterion, namely the purpose of document and intention of the addresser; according to discursive-compositional markers, such as form of address or etiquette formula. The article demonstrates the specificity of indicated genres in the particular historical period within the framework of a hypergenre, which is an important addition to the overall picture of the development of business writing, as well as a source for determining normative and stylistic peculiarities of the document on the various language levels.

Keywords: functional style, genre analysis, note, business letter, speech genre, hyper-genre, personal file, business correspondence, stylistic contamination, genre-discursive specificity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.2.37526

Abstract: The subject of this research is the polysemous borrowed noun “credit” in the Russian language and noun “credit” in the Anglo-American language. The goal lies in determination of the national-specific and universal collocations with the component “credit” in the Russian discourse and their translated equivalents in the Anglo-American discourse of the XIX and XXI centuries. Analysis is conducted on the collocations of "credit" formed in accordance with the pattern adjective + noun revealed by statistical methods that calculate the frequency of joint use in the dictionaries and linguistic corpora of the Russian and Anglo-American texts. The use of contrastive analysis allowed establishing the linear and vector correspondences between the lexeme "credit" and national-specific lacunae. The article provides the examples of the national-specific collocations with the component “credit” in the Russian and Anglo-American discourse. The research employs the Russian National Corpus, Corpus of Historical American English and the Corpus of Contemporary American English in the diachronic aspect within the time span of 1800 – 1900 and 2015 – 2019. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the knowledge of collocations and formation of collocation competence are the essential requirements in modern communicative approach towards learning a foreign language.

Keywords: collocational competency, contrastive analysis, linguistic corpus, seme, lexical gap, lexical unit, collocation, universally applicable collocation, culture - specific collocation,, discourse

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.10.43598

Abstract: The article discusses the issues of argumentation of the environmental agenda, which occupies a significant place in the modern linguistic society and is implemented in various discursive practices. The authors proceed from the fact that the environmental problem is a universal topic that is approved by all people. Therefore, the discussion of environmental problems has a great unifying force. The reaction of the audience to the discussion of environmental plans is always predictable, this topic is approved by all segments of the population. It can be said that the media and politicians always make the most of environmental issues. The combination of political speech and ecology, covered in the media, is a synergistic effect when the sum of the components is greater than a simple addition: 1+1+1→5. The synergy of politics and ecology is the object of this work, and the subject of the study are argumentative structures that provide this synergy. The article contains a review of works showing the specifics of logic and the philosophical tradition of China, which were the basis for specific models of reasoning that make up the Eastern model of argumentation. The purpose of the work is to analyze the argumentation in the speeches of Chinese politicians on the environmental topic and to monitor the implementation of the Eastern or Western model of argumentation. The main conclusions of the article are conclusions about the universality of the Western style of argumentation, which is implemented in arguments about environmental problems. The authors also point out the undesirability of leveling argumentation styles. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that these conclusions, being projected on the field of political ecology, allow us to conclude that the linguistic and cultural characteristics of each country affect the implementation of environmental policy. The authors' contribution to the research of the topic consists in a comparative analysis of the Eastern and Western styles of argumentation and in observing the implementation of one of them in ecological topos in Chinese.

Keywords: leveling, versatility, linguistic culture, argumentation model, logics, political ecology, ecology, argumentation, Chinese, synergy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.5.32957

Abstract: The subject of this research is implementation of the technique of apposition of synonymic units and apposition of morphological variants identified in the fragments of the D. Lyndsay’s play “A Satire of the Three Estates” representing auerate diction. These techniques are viewed in the context of specificity of auerate diction forming in the beginning of the Early Modern English period, as well as from the perspective of general linguistic processes taking place at that time. Based on the examples from D. Lyndsay’s play, the author focuses on possibilities of utilization of the techniques of varying for the development of semantic and metasemiotic potential of the involved linguistic units. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the stylistic distinction of literary landmarks of the Early Modern English period, unlike the later works of Elizabethan era, were not subjected to detailed analysis in foreign or Russian research. The selected D. Lyndsey’s play “A Satire of the Three Estates” has also not been analyzed from the perspective of formal characteristics. The article specifies the significant peculiarities of the use of key techniques of varying, which in many instances define the aesthetic affect made by the play, leading to a more profound understanding of the resources of English language through realization of the impact function in historical perspective.

Keywords: stylistically marked elements, stylistic connotation, linguostylistics, three-level stylistic analysis, Lindsay, aureate diction, early modern English drama, early modern English, figures of varying, metamorphic style

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.4.37905

Abstract: The subject of the study is the linguistic resources of introducing a new object into the information (mass media) field. The object of the research is the process of interaction of the (mass media) author and the reader of the text and the linguistic specifics of this process. The author consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the interaction of the implicature and presuppositive information of the text with the political and historical situation. The research material was the discourse of military mass media, especially the use by these mass media of special linguistic means when introducing unprecedented phenomena and newly appeared objects. The main conclusions of the study are the formulation of ways and forms of introducing the new objects through the well-known in the discourse of military journalism. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the consideration of an object into the information field on the example of two diverse objects, the semiotization of which in both cases involves an appeal to a common apperceptive base, but using different vectors. The novelty of the research lies in the linguistic analysis of the means used in military mass media, the target audience of which are, first of all, military personnel, which affects the compositional and argumentative structure of the text covering a fundamentally new object or phenomenon.

Keywords: discourse, mass media, military media, precedent phenomenon, precedent statement, apperception base, active pledge, implicature, presupposition, mass communication media

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.4.30463

Abstract: The article is devoted to the definition of politeness and how it is expressed in the Russian and Korean languages. The subject of the research is lexical and grammatical means of expressing politeness. The author particulary focuses on social relations between interlocutors in the situation of communicatin. The aim of the research is to describe the definition of 'politeness' and how it is expressed in different linguistic cultures. As the material for comparative analysis, the author uses pronouns and various nominative words, both Russian and Korean, that are used when an interlocutor addresses to another interlocutor. Just like Brown and Gilman, the author focuses on the use of pronouns against social parameters of 'power' and 'solidarity'. Even though politeness is often mentioned as a special category in comparative research, semantics and structure of this term remain understudied. For this regard, the author analyzes expression of politeness in the Russian and Korean languages from the point of view of social phenomenon. As a result of the research, the author discovers that both languages use the parameters of 'distance' and 'social hierarchy' to express politeness, however, the Korean language has stricter principles of vertical social hierarchy.

Keywords: pragmatics, social hierarchy, translation, comparative analysis, politeness, speech styles, Korean language, Russian language, address, personal pronoun

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.10.36538

Abstract: Lexicography actively studies the integral description of words in order to understand not only the historical change in definition of the work, but also the functionality of certain words. This article describes the lexicographic portrait of the noun “age”, as well as examines the use of co-occurrence denoting the age of a person in the modern Russian language. Working with different types of dictionaries (historical, explanatory, word-forming, associative, and synonym), the author analyzes the changes in the semantics, development of word-formation and co-occurrence capacity of the linguistic unit based on the integral description. The noun “age” has numerous co-occurrence as it has appeared in the Russian language long ago, which also entailed changes in its definition. This author examines co-occurrence of the noun “age” used in dictionaries, as well as conducts their classification by biological, social, psychological, and mixed characteristics. Leaning on the Russian National Corpus, the article examines the use of the noun “age” in the modern Russian language, and its classification by the aforementioned characteristics. The conclusion is made on the frequency of the use of these characteristics.

Keywords: age of human, semantic field, semantics, combinability, integral description of the word, lexicographic portrait, lexicography, lexicographic analysis, word functioning, interpretation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.2.38894

Abstract: In the study of an individual speech portrait, three aspects are distinguished: linguistic, social and behavioral. It is the linguistic aspect that is the subject of our study. The object of analysis in this study is the speech of the popular video blogger PewDiePie, blogger Nora Dunn and blogger ForReadingAddicts, the subject are the lexical and stylistic preferences of the speech of the English-speaking blogger. The speech behavior of a public linguistic personality is studied making possible to see the features of the personality's speech, hidden and explicit motives, communicative goals, and the features of communicative needs. A model for compiling a speech portrait is described and an analysis of the stylistic and lexical features of the speech of a modern English-speaking blogger is carried out on the example of the popular video blogger PewDiePie, blogger Nora Dunn and blogger ForReadingAddicts. As a result of the study, a model for compiling a speech portrait was described and the characteristic features of the speech of each of the analyzed bloggers were highlighted. The lexical and stylistic preferences of the analyzed personalities are revealed, the list of language means used by English-speaking bloggers is determined. These features are determined, first of all, by the target audience of each blog, the sphere of professional activity of the authors and, of course, the characteristic features of each personality, the level of general erudition and its social environment. A detailed analysis of the speech portrait is based on specific language levels: phonetic, lexical, stylistic. This analysis of the features is a characteristic of different levels of realization of a linguistic personality.

Keywords: speech portrait, hidden motives, internet communication, communicative purpose, public linguistic personality, language means, communicative needs, linguistic personality, speech behavior, communication technologies

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.3.34854

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the formation of English-language neologisms as a result of lexical and semantic nomination. The object of this research is the changes in the lexical system of modern English language based on the analysis of media and online publications. The subject of this research is the methods of formation of neologisms in the late XX and early XXI centuries. The author determines the most common methods of the formation neologisms in digital periodicals, online news websites, forums and blogs. Analysis is conducted on such methods of word formation as affixation, conversion, formation of complex words, shortening and hybridization, abbreviation, etc. It is noted that the majority of neologisms result from lexical nomination. The goal of this article lies in analysis of the formation of neologisms used in the English lexicon for a long period of time, and thus have acquired a certain official standing. Such lexical innovations have been included or are in the process of being included into the official English language. An attempt is made to reveal the key features of methods of formation of neologisms, which are of primary importance for the communicative and social activity in their broadest sense. Majority of neologisms in the language, which is over 70%, result from the lexical methods of word formation; while the share of neologisms formed via semantic derivation is only a few percent of the total number of lexical innovations.

Keywords: Internet communications, mass media, clipping, compound words, conversion, affixation, diachronism, lexeme, semantic derivation, blending

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.4.39043

Abstract: The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the attributive valence of the German verb of movement "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти" in German and Russian. The subject of the study is the sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the above-mentioned verbs in the cognitive aspect. These verbs are considered only in their direct sense, namely from the point of view of transmitting the expression of a person's movement from one point to another. The attributive valence of verbs of movement was chosen due to its insufficient study in comparative linguistics from the position of cognitive linguistics. In the study, the comparative method was used as the main one; methods of semantic and cognitive analysis were also used. The material of the analyzed examples was German and Russian lexicographic sources. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time similar and specific cognitive sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the German verb "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти". As a result of the study, the presence of such sectors of attributive valence as "direction of movement", "type of movement" and "pace of movement" was revealed in the verb "gehen". The analyzed examples of the Russian verb "идти" showed the presence of the following sectors: "time", "direction" and "type of movement", "accomplice of movement", "pace of movement" and mixed cases. As a result of comparative analysis, it was found that in German and Russian there are the following similar sectors of the attributive valence of human movement: "direction", "type" and "pace of movement", and the sectors "direction of movement" and "pace of movement" significantly prevail quantitatively in the analyzed examples. The article also draws conclusions about the peculiarity of the perception of the directional movement of a person in the Russian and German linguistic cultures.

Keywords: similarities and differences, comparative analysis, lexicographic sources, human, verbs of motion, cognitive sector, attribute valence, Russian language, German language, direction

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.26675

Abstract: The subject of the research is the 'tolerance' ideological concept in French and Russian linguocultures, in particular, conceptual development of the key word concept in the languages being compared. Linguistics views tolerance as a linguocultural category, communicative category, linguocultural phenomenon, cognitive concept, segmented concept of interpersonal communication, and fundamental idea of the Russian linguistic view of the world. The problem of tolerance has been studied based on the comparison of different languages (Russian, English, German, Polish, Turkish, Chinese, etc.) and discourses (political, publicistic, scientific and academic). In her research Nagaeva has used the following methods: lexical-semantic analysis, definition method, component analysis method and linguocultural commentary method. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the 'tolerance' linguocultural concept never before has been viewed as an ideological category, especially in the French language. As a result of her research, Nagaeva makes a conclusion that there are certain differences in the French and Russian concepts of tolerance from the point of view of the conceptual development of this concept's key word.

Keywords: terpimost', tolerance, key word of concept, ideological concept, linguoculture, linguocultural concept, lexeme, semantic family, meaning, synonym

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.8.33610

Abstract: This article is dedicated to studying the methods of designation of color tones in the French language using adjectivized nouns. The research material consists of 90 nominations of color tones, acquired by means of continuous sampling from dictionaries and Internet sources. Nominations of such specific color tones are given on the basis of associations with the color of various objects, phenomena, and substances that have similar tone. Classification is conducted on the units under consideration, depending on the type of metaphorical transfer underlying the nomination. Special attention is turned to examination of grammatical peculiarities of application of the indicated units in the French language. The obtained results allowed determining the following types of associations in color designation: with the plant life (names of vegetables, fruit, nuts, flowers, plants, trees); with the animal world (names of fish, birds, mammals); with the natural resources, stones, and minerals; with the natural phenomena (force of sky and sea); with the gastronomy (food, sweets, seasonings, drinks); with various materials, substances and objects. The results of quantitative analysis of color tones in the French language, which was conducted for the first time, allowed revealing most productive associations in formation of color neologisms, among which are plant life, natural resources, stones and minerals. The authors’ special contribution consists in studying the grammatical peculiarities of usage the units in question in the French language. In these constructs consisting of two elements — two nouns without a preposition (main + adherent), the second element is an adjectivized noun that exercise function of an adjective. Due to adjectivization, such constructs significantly expand the capabilities of conveying color tones in the French language.

Keywords: metaphor, adjectivated noun, adjectivation, construction without prepositions, conversion, shade of color, color, resemblance, flexia, collocation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.7.35329

Abstract: The study conducted a comparative linguistic analysis of the originals of Chinese fairy tales and their translations into Russian (a prerequisite was the presence of at least two interpretations of each fairy tale selected for analysis). The translations were compared not only with the original texts, but also with each other, in order to establish the strategies of translation activities and the methods of translation transformations used. The source base of the study was a collection of Chinese fairy tales by the famous Russian sinologist Boris Lvovich Riftin and a similar collection of fairy tales "Fairy Tales of the Middle Kingdom", translated and prepared for publication by the Seventh Book editorial office in 2012. Two strategies have been identified: forenization and domestication, as well as methods of generalization, addition, omission, transcription, compensation, and sentence division. It is established that in a number of cases translators changed or missed Chinese cultural symbols, a possible explanation for this phenomenon is proposed: poetization, modernization of meanings, emotionally expressive allocation of any significant element (emphase). In practice, it has been established how the era in which the translator lives and the culture leave an imprint on the translations of ancient foreign-language texts. The linguistic analysis of Chinese phraseological units found in fairy tales and their Russian-language analogues or semantic substitutions is carried out. It is analyzed how and why morally indifferent Chinese fairy tales were interpreted in the logic of the victory of good over evil. The results obtained can be used in the course of teaching the disciplines "Written translation (Chinese)", "Poetic translation of Chinese texts", as well as in research activities.

Keywords: types of translation transformations, forenization strategy, domestication strategy, linguistic analysis, translations of Chinese fairy tales, chinese fairy tales, generalization, transcription, poetization, modernization of meanings

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.4.70418

Abstract: Ophthalmic terminology is a part of the medical terminology system. The medical terminological system has been studied in sufficient detail, however, to date, questions remain open regarding the synonymy of linguistic units within the ophthalmological terminological system. The purpose of the study is to consider the problem of relations within the ophthalmological terminological system and to prove the existence of a triple series of terms – quasi-synonyms. The object of the study is ophthalmological terminology, the thematic group is "ophthalmological diseases". The relevance of this work is due to the fact that ophthalmological terms with semantic similarity that can both replace each other and function in parallel in speech have not yet been sufficiently studied, in addition, it is necessary to establish what type of synonymy exists between these terms. The method of linguistic experiment used in the work makes it possible to achieve the purpose of the study. The study included 2,535 ophthalmological terms, of which 51 were names of ophthalmological diseases. An experiment was conducted to obtain evidence of the existence of different types of ophthalmic terms. The experiment involved ophthalmologists, nursing staff, patients of the ophthalmological center of Irkutsk (324 people – medical staff, 324 patients). The main conclusion of the study is that there are synonymous relations between terms within the ophthalmological terminological system. The conducted experiment allows us to talk about the existence of a triple set of terms, which confirmed the hypothesis about the functioning, in addition to the generally accepted terminology and professional jargonisms, of "folk" terminology (70% of the total number of terms included in the study). All terms of the triple series, being quasi-synonyms, have semantic similarity, but are not identical, relations of inclusion and intersection arise between them, they exist in the language in parallel. In the future, it is necessary to consider quasi-synonyms of other thematic groups of the ophthalmological terminological system in order to better understand the specifics of their use and the source of their occurrence, as well as whether they can become absolute synonyms and under what conditions.

Keywords: synonyms, folk terms, professionalism-jargonisms, generally excepted terms, ophthalmological terminology system, medical terminology system, quasi-synonyms, semantic similarity, linguistic experiment, language doublets

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.7.36007

Abstract: The subject of this research is the role of euphemisms in political communication. The goal of this article is to establish the functional role of euphemisms in public speeches of the US politicians based on the texts of speeches for the period 2020 – 2021. Research methodology relies on the provisions of linguorhetoric, namely the functional role of lexicon within the framework of a particular speech genre. The article employs the general scientific method, systematization and generalization, content analysis, discursive analysis, method of continuous sampling, and linguostylistic analysis. It is determined that the use of euphemisms in speeches of the IS politicians for the period 2020 – 2021 performs the following functions: manipulative, veiling the reality, self-positioning. In public speech, the important factors are politeness and delicacy for maintaining and promoting communication. It is noted that politics is the sphere that requires using a variety of euphemisms. The mechanisms of euphemization are based on the inaccuracy of speech, ambiguity, and generalized nomination of the object. Practical importance of this research consists in the fact that its results can be implemented in rhetoric courses, as well as in preparation of public speeches. The scientific novelty lies in establishment of the functional role of euphemistic nominations based on public speeches of the US politicians for 2021.

Keywords: ambiguity, mechanisms of euphemization, euphemism, manipulative language tools, lexical composition of speech, political speech, public performance, political discourse, inaccuracy of speech, veiling reality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.11.38478

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the Beijing Opera features, to establish their relationships with the Beijing Opera translation features. The subject of research: the Beijing Opera features affecting its translation. The main research methods are comparative, content analysis of scientific articles about the Beijing Opera and its translation in Russian and Chinese. The author examines in detail the following features of the Beijing Opera: complexity, virtuality, exemplary, theatrical effectiveness and audiovisuality, accessibility, lack of notes, aesthetics, etc. Special attention is paid to the connection of the Beijing Opera features with its translation features, their accounting, analysis and maximum transfer in translation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the systematization of the Beijing Opera characteristic features, which determine its translation features. The main conclusions of the study: the translation fundamental feature is acceptability, to achieve which, taking into account each characteristic feature of the Beijing Opera, it is necessary to use descriptive translation or its combinations with other techniques, in particular transliteration or replication. As the study result of the above features, it was revealed that in the Beijing Opera, every detail is important, and should be acceptably presented in translation. The data obtained can be used in the creation of manuals for the translation of the Beijing Opera, and can also be used in universities of the humanities in the study of special courses or special seminars on practical translation, cultural studies, comparative linguistics, etc.

Keywords: virtuality, complexity, acceptability, descriptive translation, translation features, the Beijing Opera translation, the Beijing Opera features, Beijing Opera, chinese culture, exemplary

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.1.34886

Abstract: Advertising is an inseparable element of modern life. It is virtually impossible to name a sphere of activity that is not covered by advertising. Currently, one of the most popular trends in linguistic research is the examination of advertising text and its components (lexis, semantics, syntax). This article is dedicated to studying the syntactic peculiarities of English-language and Russian-language online advertising. The research materials contains advertising texts and slogans from various websites and social media (such as Vkontakte, Instagram, Facebook). The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the analysis of syntactic means is carried out on the material of two languages. The conducted research revealed that prevalent syntactic means include mononuclear imperative sentences, exclamatory sentences, interrogative sentences, and negative sentences. Usage of the indicated syntactic means allows capturing interest of the recipients and indirectly influencing their mind. Both, English-language and Russian-language online advertising most frequently use mononuclear imperative sentences, as it motivates to purchasing goods or services, and convinces the audience that they should have it. No significant differences in using other types of sentences were detected in English-language and Russian-language online advertising; the primary task of advertising in any language is to encourage customers to buy the goods or services.

Keywords: interrogative sentence, exclamatory sentence, imperative sentence, one-member sentence, syntactic means, slogan, advertising text, advertisement, negative sentence, creolised text

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.9.44020

Abstract: The subject of the study is a corpus of authentic materials used in the process of teaching languages. The object of research is the varieties of authentic materials used in RCT classes. The purpose of the study is to analyze in detail the types of authentic materials, the concept of "authenticity", the pros and cons of using authentic materials, the criteria for selecting authentic texts in the process of teaching RCT. To achieve this goal, foreign and Russian works of well-known methodologists in the field of language teaching were analyzed, as well as studies devoted to the peculiarities of working with authentic material in RCT classes. The main research methods are comparative analysis, observation, and survey research methods. The study concluded that the concept of "authentic materials" is controversial in modern linguodidactics. Researchers classify authentic texts, depending on the goals and objectives of the learning process. Despite this, methodologists identify criteria, following which it is necessary to select authentic material for RCT classes and make the content of the lesson close to the situation of live communication. At the same time, the texts of Internet discourse have proven themselves most effectively in the framework of teaching RCT, since with their help the language competence of a foreign student is formed quite quickly. The novelty of the research lies in the possibility of applying its results in practice in the process of using authentic materials in RCT classes.

Keywords: Russian language, lesson content, foreign students, language teaching theory, authentic text, authenticity, linguodidactics, Russian language teaching, foreign language, pedagogy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.1.38754

Abstract: The author considers the possibility of studying a specific historical personality by the methods of pragmalinguistics based on the correspondence of I. V. Grozny in the aspect of the author's speech dominance. The research material is the personal letters of the tsar, the methods were the diagnosis of the speaker's speech personality by his speech behavior. This article proposes the use of pragmalinguistics methods that allow describing the speech portrait of Ivan the Terrible based on his use of grammatical and textual categories in correspondence with other monarchs and important historical figures. Thus, the subject of the study is the speech behavior of a historical figure in diachrony by the methods of pragmalinguistics. To date, the reconstruction of the linguistic appearance of the tsar has mainly been carried out on the basis of traditional methods of analyzing lexico-semantic and stylistic components and comparing them with a social portrait. The connection between language and thinking, which is considered by the example of correspondence, allows us to believe that the basic pragmalinguistic principles remain unchanged in the language for a long time and the functional abilities of grammatical categories to be associated with personal preferences remain despite linguistic variability. The conducted experiment of speech diagnostics allows the authors to study the aspect of the speech dominance of the personality of Ivan the Terrible at the level of linguistic pragmatics.

Keywords: functional pragmalinguistics, diachrony, speech diagnostics, speech behavior, speech portrait, historical linguistic personality, speech dominance, speech impact strategy, dynamics of personality development, pragmalinguistics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.6.43396

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to identify the features and common features of the concept "ev (mesken) | house (housing)" as a single mental integrity of the picture of the world, to consider the representations of the analyzed concept in the structure of the Crimean Tatar and Russian languages. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the presentation of the comparative specifics of the characteristics of the concept "ev|hause " in the Crimean Tatar and Russian linguistic picture of the world, for the first time an attempt is made to compare the representations of "ev (mesken) | house (housing)" from a linguocultural point of view. The results obtained showed that the attempt to present the concept of "ev|hause" against the background of two national pictures of the world - the Crimean Tatar and Russian, reflects the most specific features of the national picture of the world in comparison. The analyzed material on the research topic may be of interest for further scientific research in the field of linguoculturology, ethnoculturology and intercultural communication.

Keywords: study, communication, ethnoculturology, concept, dialect, linguoculturology, Crimean Tatar language, Russian language, representation, multicultural

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.3.35242

Abstract: The subject of this research is actualization of the value component of Japanese culture on the periphery of the original Japanese folkloreme “Issun-bōshi” in the nine English-language versions of eponymous fairy tale. The article examines the methods of verbal explication on the discourse level through the dialogues, descriptions, and events of the original Japanese fairy tale and its English interpretations. The author determines seven axiological characteristics of the Japanese folkloreme, such as acceptance, dependence, modesty, service, etc. It is demonstrated how depending on the dialogues and descriptions in different versions of the Japanese folk tale, the value orientations of Japanese culture are explicated inalterably or adjusted to the perceptions of the author of English version. The conducted research reveals the specificity of one culture through another language and culture, as well as variability of presentation of the value orientations, attitudes, and preferences through the prism of mentality and values of the author of the foreign-language version. The following axiological components of Japanese folkloreme were determined: designated environment; love and acceptance; service to the emperor; family ties; modesty; spiritual beauty; and the folkloreme of magic gavel. The author carries out a comparative analysis of explication of the Japanese folkloreme in different English versions of the fairy tale; reveals the axiological components explicated in the text of Issun-bōshi and the differences in value orientations described in the English versions of the fairy tale.

Keywords: folklorema periphery, value concept, folktale, verbalization, folklorema core, actualization, explication, folklorema, folklore discourse, cultural values

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.1.20739

Abstract: The subject of the research is the integral and differential properties of two types of descriptive texts, visual and feature descriptions. The object of the research is the descriptive texts of artistic and scientific styles. The research material included untranslatable literature of classical and contemporary authors in the Russian language. In some cases when there was a need to present the material in a more illustrative way, the author applied the method of constructing text fragments according to the model. In her research Varfolomeeva has analyzed the principles that allow to define a number of semiotic features for the two types of descriptive texts. In the course of her research she has applied the methods of linguistic observation and description of language facts, the method of language analysis, comparative method, the method f modelling examples according to the sample. Functional semantic types of speech is still of great interest for scientists even though they have already become the matter of many researches. In particular, it is important to define subtypes within each type of speech as well as to clarify their differentiation criteria. The main criteria for differentiating between visual description and feature description include the function of a speaker's substitute, principles of temporality or regularity of features of an object being described; observability or non-observability of features attributable to the object; localization or non-localization of described features in time. In addition, to differentiate between visual description and feature description, it is also necesary to carry out an analysis of substantives, adjectives, lexical-semantic groups of verbs, space or time indicators as well as syntax features of sentences constituting a descriptive text.

Keywords: absolute value of the verbs, situational value of the verbs, evaluative adjectives, relative adjectives, empirical adjectives, lexical-semantic group, feature description, visual description, text of descriptive type, functional-semantic types of speech

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.28652

Abstract: The subject of this research is the translation of oil and gas terms from English and Spanish to Russian. The object of the research is non-equivalent words which translation is analyzed by the author to define the most efficient means of equivalence achievement. The author focuses on oil and gas terms because this is the most demanded translation domain today while there are very few specialized guidelines or vocabularies on the matter which makes the translation and editting even more difficult. In her research Semenova has used the comparison method, continuous sampling, linguistic translation and statistical analysis and generalisation. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of equivalence and adequacy in translation. The main result of the research is the overview of statistical data obtained through comparative analysis of means used to translate non-equivalent gas and oil terms in the process of translation from English and Spanish to Russian. The novelty of the reserach is the conclusion that a translator should base choose particular translation means based on the grammatical system of the source language and target language as well as peculiarities of an individual term and contextual surrounding. Semenova also demonstrate that English terms are often translated using the modulation method while Spanish terms are often used using grammatical transformations.

Keywords: terminology, non-equivalent words, translation equivalence, transformations, Russian language, Spanish language, English language, specialized translation, oil and gas industry, methods of translation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.5.31025

Abstract: In her article Zvereva presents the results of her analysis of modern euphemisms and their linguistic ecological evaluation. The subject of the research is the influence of euphemisms on the quality of linguistic environment, i.e. ecology of speech, ecology of language and language consciousness of speakers. The researcher focuses on the analysis of euphemism as a linguistic, cultural, social and psychological product that may point out important issues and processes in the language environment. In addition, the researcher also focuses on facts of dynamic development and extension of euphemistic synonymic row. To analyze the research data, Zvereva has applied the random sampling technique, the contextual analysis method, and description analytical method as the leading method. The novelty of the research is caused by the new approach to analysing eumphemisms (their linguo-ecological evaluation) and the fact that it has been an important issue during the period since 2014 till 2019. The results of the analysis demonstrate that economics, labor relations, sport and other human-related topics are subject to euphemization most of all. The topic 'human age' has over 20 different euphemisms describing the same denotation. This fact demonstrates that there is a conflict in the language consciousness of Russian speakers which is a negative linguo-ecological phenomenon. However, there is also a positive tendency towards active qualitative speech creativity. The conclusions made by the author of the article will be useful for linguo-culturological, socio-linguistic and psycholinguistic research.

Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Linguistic Culturology, speech creativity, political correctness, euphemization of speech, euphemism, language consciousness, linguistic environment, Linguistic ecology, Psycholinguistics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.1.35944

Abstract: The relevance of the selected topic is substantiated by rapid development of the functional vector in modern linguistics and its impact upon the nature of contrastive research. Shift in the focus of attention is associated by the scholars’ pursuit to view the linguistic phenomena and facts from the perspective of their functionality in speech. The characteristic feature of the research conducted by modern linguists is the application of field approach towards studying the linguistic phenomena. The starting point within the framework of this approach is certain common meaning; it is followed by determination of the various linguistic means for expressing this meaning. A number of scholars, including L. G. Popova, L. M. Shatilova, I. S. Kalyatin, and A. V. Shatalov, in their works conduct a linguistic analysis of linguistic means that function within the boundaries of functional-semantic field of comparativity based on the material of cognate and non-cognate languages. The object of this research is the grammatical means of expressing comparativity in the German and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the semantics and structure of the central components of functional-semantic field of comparativity in the languages under consideration. The goal lies in revealing the common and distinctive features in the formation and use of comparative and superlative forms in the German and Russian languages. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that this article is first to examine the category of comparativity on the material of German and Russian languages, and the representative grammatical means that form the core of functional-semantic field of comparativity, using the texts of modern journals and newspapers. It is determined that the core of functional-semantic field of comparativity in the German and Russian languages lies in comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs.

Keywords: functional-semantic category, suppletive form, superlative degree, comparative degree, near-nuclear zone, core, functional-semantic field, degrees of comparison, analytical form, synthetic form

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.10.44198

Abstract: This article is devoted to the topic of gender stereotypes and ways of their verbalization in language by the example of the aesthetic ideal of a modern woman in the texts of English-language advertising. The rapid development of feminism as a social and cultural phenomenon has been reflected in various types of discourse – from artistic to advertising. The redistribution of social roles between women and men caused, first of all, the transformation of the image of an ideal woman both at the level of external characteristics and at the level of the axiological paradigm of a woman's personality as a full-fledged member of society. The main means of constructing the concept of the "ideal woman" at the text level are keywords. The lexical and semantic analysis of the description of women in English-language advertising allowed us to make our own classification of the dominant components of the aesthetic ideal of a modern woman based on the theory of archetypes, which determines the novelty of the study. The most famous archetypes of ancient Greek goddesses are taken as a basis. It has been established that the modern English-language advertising text extrapolates four leading archetypes: "the seductress woman" (Aphrodite), "the hearth keeper woman" (Hestia), "the independent woman" (Artemis) and "the warrior woman" (Athena). The choice of an archetype is carried out according to the practical and social orientation of the advertised product. The perspective of the research is seen in the comparison of these archetypes with female images in Russian advertising discourse, taking into account the specifics of linguistic, cultural and sociolinguistic identity

Keywords: Hestia, Aphrodite, archetype, aesthetic ideal, gender stereotypes, gender, advertising text, English language, Artemis, Athena

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.11.68923

Abstract: In the conditions of intensive growth of scientific and scientific-technical information, rapid changeability and updating of the system of scientific knowledge there is a need to study issues related to professional communication. Users of scientific language master its culture gradually; acquire life experience, their own knowledge, general and professional erudition of the speaker. The aim of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of linguistic means and identify the features of the implementation of professional linguistic personality of a scientist, author of scientific articles on the speciality «Earth Sciences». Special attention is devoted to a brief review of theoretical provisions of domestic researchers engaged in the study of professional linguistic personality and idiostyle. Scientific novelty lies in the analysis of linguistic means characteristic of the individual style of a scientist on a new linguistic material (scientific texts on the specialty «Earth Sciences»). This approach allowed us to consider the influence of a person's professional status on the texts produced by him/her. The material for the analysis is the articles selected by the method of continuous sampling on the scientific specialty «Earth Sciences». In addition, the method used in this article was continuous sampling method, content analysis, comparative analysis. The obtained results showed that in order to build a model of professional linguistic personality of a scientist, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive psychological and linguistic analysis of the scientist's texts at the verbal-semantic, linguistic-cognitive and pragmatic levels, highlighting the correlation and influence of ethno-cultural, socio-group and individual aspects of personality content. Despite the fact that the author of scientific articles is limited by the norms of scientific style, there are certain linguistic means that allow reflecting the author's uniqueness under the existing norms of text formation.

Keywords: anthropocentrism, Earth Sciences, model, language profile, idiostyle, scientist's idiostyle, linguistic personality, scientist's linguistic personality, professional linguistic personality, scientist

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.9.33863

Abstract: The object of this research is the hermeneutic circle of screen text. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of its implementation in screen text through the plot in terms of dramaturgical representation of the reality. Particular attention is given to the analysis of playing form of screen narrative – such heterogeneous screen texts as film-, tele- and video texts on the Internet. The course of the research is demonstrated on the example of the movie “Green book”, the news broadcast of 05.03.2020 “Weekly events in 60 minutes”, TikTok videotext by the user @darimbs of 03.08.2020. The author meticulously describes and analyzes the plotline of these texts, through which is implemented the hermeneutic circle. The novelty of this work consists in viewing the heterogeneous screen texts from the perspective of their implementation in linear explication of multi-component structure of hermeneutic circle on the screen. The author's special contribution to examination of heterogeneous screen texts lies in inclusion into the corpus of research materials of Interne text, besides the film texts and teletexts, which allows to comprehensively study the peculiarities of dramaturgical representation of the reality in all forms of screen narrative. It is discovered that the narrative is incorporated into the screen text – in terms of its creation, the author selects an event line of the objectively true reality, which places the constitutive elements of hermeneutic circle on the screen in the sequence of frames, and the meaning is conveyed indirectly through the plot. The conducted analysis of screen text from the standpoint of implementation of hermeneutic circle, allows identifying the latent meanings, as well as reconstructing the broad idea of the text.

Keywords: screen, dramaturgic representation of reality, screen narrative, screen text, plot, hermeneutic circle, heteregeneous text, teletext, filmtext, videotext

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.7.36072

Abstract: The religious functional style is currently being actively studied not only in theology, but also in philology. On the one hand, this fact is substantiated by the change in the sociopolitical situation in Russia, while on the other –by the need for scientific comprehension and description of the experience of religious communication implemented in particular genres. Prayer is one of the genres of religious functional style, which are referred to as basic or representative. Both in literary studies and linguistics, prayer is viewed from the perspective of different approaches; therefore, the researchers offer various classifications for the genre of prayer. The subject of this research is a prayer as the religious genre. Analysis is conducted on the existing classifications of prayer based on the material of Christian prayers, and generalizes them for the purpose of deriving general classification and its further application to the corpus of prayer texts created within the framework of the New Apostolic teaching. As a result of the conducted research, the author provides a summary table, which indicates seven criteria for the classification of prayers: position of the addressee (type and number of addressees); type of addressee; method or form of saying the prayer; formal-substantive rigidity of the text; leading intention / content / key function of the prayer and their number; place of creating the text; time of creating the text. The article also presents an example of application the summary theoretical data to particular material—a corpus of 220 prayers created by New Apostolic parishioners, and records of the prayerful life of the Christians from the catechesis of the New Apostolic Church.

Keywords: theolinguistics, genre classification, subgenre, prayer, genre, religious style, functional stylistics, christian prayer, New Apostolic Church, Protestantism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.12.39482

Abstract: The Gapshima dialect is one of the least studied dialects of the Dargin language group of the East Caucasian languages and that is the reason why its role in the system of the Dargin languages and dialects still remains undefined. Meanwhile, there are many peculiar linguistic phenomena, revealed both in phonetics and in grammar and vocabulary. The article deals with the morphological peculiarities of the Gapshima dialect. Nominal parts of speech and verbal categories and auxiliary parts of speech are studied. The method of synchronous description of linguistic phenomena and methods of field linguistics are used in the study. In the course of the research, the grammatical categories of case, person, tense and mood, and also various forms of the verb were studied. With the aim of identifying the peculiarities of the dialect and its role in the linguistic classification, all the presented data is compared with the data of the other Dargin dialects - Akusha, Tsudahar, Sirkhya. As a result of the study, it was established that the Gapshima speech is close to the dialects of the Akusha type by its grammatical characteristics. The results of the study can be contributed to the further work of establishing the classification of the language units of the Dargin area and can be applicable to the teaching courses of the Dargin morphology and dialectology at the universities.

Keywords: tense category, personal indicators, pronoun, case, grammatical categories, morphology, the Gapshima dialect, he Dargin languages, the Caucasian languages, modality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.3.30223

Abstract: The question about the principles of naming God in original Biblical texts and their translations is a key problem for modern linguistics and philosophy of text. The hermeneutics of The Exodus focuses on so called divinely revealed name of god (Yahweh). The importance of exegetical and hermeneutical analysis of God's name is conditioned by the need to conceptually overcome the methodological gap in modern linguistics and Hebrew studies as a result of the absence of typical Biblical Jewish forms in the languages The Bible has been translated into. In his article Shukurov analyzes hermeneutical approaches to interpretation of a tetragrammaton (the name of Yahweh) in The Bible. The research is based on the most representative works of foreign and Russian researchers such as Feofan (Bystron), Haupt, Albright, Cross, Fridman, Shield, Lindbloom, Buber and Rosenzweig, Propp, Childers, Barr, Boman, Tremontan, Riceour, Averintsev, Januarius (Ivliev) and others. The researcher provides the results of his hermeneutical analysis of the grammatical and syntactical formula constructs in the Biblical book The Exodus (The Exodus 3:14). Linguistic principles of God naming used in the translation of Yahweh as the Name of God correlate to the cultural phenomenon of Greek-Judaic synthesis and receive hermeneutical interpretation. The aim of the research is to prove the advantage of the synthesis of Greek (Hellenistic) and Semito-Judaic traditions. This is what causes the scientific novelty of the research.

Keywords: onomatology, biblical studies, Tetragrammaton, the theology of the Divinely Revealed Name, Greek culture, Judaic tradition, Middle Eastern culture, Christian theology, Name of God, the theory of nomination

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.1.25379

Abstract: The aim of the article is to define particular features of the speech etiquette in the virtual environment. The object of the research is the netiquette as the rules that regulate verbal and nonverbal behavior of users in the process of the Internet communication. The authors of the article examine such aspects of the topic as the role of the modern Russian language and development of verbal behavior standards in the Internet communication. The authors examine language and speech means and methods of exercising etiquette intentions. The authors focus on differences between netiquette and traditional etiquette. The research involved various official and unofficial genres of the Internet communication (e-mails, forums, chats, blogs, commentaries, etc.). Based on the authors, the netiquette semantics are start starting to be developed and thus need an integral analysis, description and systematization. These factors cause the scientific novelty and rationale of the research. The authors define netiquette functions caused by particularities of a new communication channel, first of all, anonymity, absence of physical presentation, freedom of expression, etc. As a result of their research, the authors conclude that despite the fact that netiquette is based on universal moral principles and values of speech behavior and traditional etiquette, netiquette has prominent features.

Keywords: net communication genres, virtual communication, etiquette speech act, rules of verbal behavior, politeness, netiquette, speech etiquette, Internet communication, etiquette unit, functions of speech etiquette

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.4.30410

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of universal grammar ideas in the area of syntax and their reflection in the Russian educational materials of the early XIX century. The relevance is defined by the fact that writings of the authors of universal grammars contain ideas currently applied in description of fact of language within the framework of generative grammar. View on grammar of A. S. Nikolsky, F. F. Rozanov, L. H. Jacob, I. F. Timkovsky, I. Ornatovsky repeatedly have become the subject of analysis; however, in light on most recent achievements of the theory of linguistics, previous works require revision. Research methodology leans on the theories, which are founded on the principle of historicism in linguistics that allows establishing own patterns in transformation of the subject of research and clearly understands the internal logics of scientific development. With emergence of works of the world renowned American linguist Noam Chomsky, who claimed that his generative grammar is based on the key postulates of universal grammar, the authors of universal grammars have attracted attention once again. The scientific novelty lies in the more objective assessment of the contribution of A. S. Nikolsky, F. F. Rozanov, L. H. Jacob, I. F. Timkovsky, I. Ornatovsky to the development of grammar science, and syntax in particular.

Keywords: structure, semantics, predicate, subject, suggestion, linguistics, syntax, universal grammar, language, syntactic categories

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.7.43447

Abstract: The author considers in a comparative aspect, based on the material of postmodern Chinese and Russian literary texts, the representation of the conceptual metaphor of time. The subject of the study is the conceptual metaphor of time, which represents the area of the purpose of the metaphor in the analyzed texts. In addition, a number of areas of the source of metaphor are considered in both Chinese and Russian literary texts of the postmodern era ("Money", "Space", "Object", "River", "Living being", "Container"). The works of Mo Yan and V. O. Pelevin are used for the analysis. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the method of semantic analysis, the comparative method, the method of conceptual analysis. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, the similarities and differences of the representation of the conceptual metaphor of time are clarified in it using the material of postmodern fiction in Chinese and Russian. Comparative analysis showed the presence of similarities in the representation of the metaphor under study in the source areas of "Money", "Space", "Object", "River". A distinctive feature of Chinese texts is the representation of metaphor in the "Container" areas, and Russian texts in the "Living Being" areas. The practical value of this work is seen in the fact that these materials can be used in classes on the interpretation of literary texts of the Chinese language in universities. The works of such a plan create a good prospect for the further development of one of the new areas of linguoculturology, namely comparative linguoculturology.

Keywords: Target of metaphor, Russian language, Chinese language, comparative linguistics, imagery component of concepts, Chinese texts of postmodernism, Russian texts of postmodernism, Conceptual metaphor of time, Conceptual metaphor, source metaphor

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.4.24141

Abstract: The given article is devoted to some most popular modern forms of knowledge structuring (semantic field, grafosemantic modeling, frame, matrix, semantic network, ontology, expert system). The authors of the article analyse the variety of their constructions and the opportunities they give. The analyzed models have some common and different features in their main tasks. The basic methods of the research include methods of generalization and interpretation of obtained data, comparison and definitional analysis which determined the advantages and the disadvantages of the analyzed models. Comparative analysis and deductive approach provided insight into one of the most successful models of scientific knowledge structuring - terminological network – that ensures the study of system link between the terms. This conclusion and the offered evidence demonstrate why the authors regularly use the terminological network as the model of scientific knowledge representation in their research.

Keywords: matrix, frame, grafosemantic modeling, semantic field, knowledge representation model, scientific knowledge, term, semantic network, ontology, expert system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.11.39153

Abstract: The subject of the study is the interdisciplinary terminology of toponymy. The purpose of the work is to define and describe new terms that can be used in toponymic and multi-scientific research on toponymy conducted by linguists, geographers and historians. The glossary of terms is formed by sampling them from the latest toponymic works and analyzing their semantics in the original scientific field of use (geography, archeology), and then in toponymy. Particular attention is paid to terms that have a commonly used scientific vocabulary as a reference word (river, degradation, stairs), since it is these terms that are understandable to representatives of different scientific fields, and therefore have the greatest potential for entering the current terminological base of toponymy. The result of the work is a description of the terms of geography, archeology, toponymy itself, linguistics of other directions – a total of 14 terms; situations in which they can be used, and toponyms illustrating a particular situation. The acquired knowledge can be applied in interdisciplinary toponymic research and should contribute to the development of a common language of toponymy, understandable to both linguists and representatives of other sciences studying geographical names, which is the novelty of the findings. It is established that some of the terms toponymy borrows from other scientific directions without changes, with the original semantics, actively including in the scientific description and analysis (small, medium, large rivers). The part transforms by adding new meanings or adapting to the demands of toponymy (natural landscape (in geography) – toponymic landscape, chronostratigraphy (in archaeology) – toponymic stratigraphy). The article discusses new terms of other sciences that seem convenient for analyzing specific toponymic processes: degradation of water bodies, littonym, lot (terms of hydrology and oceanology), as well as well-known but rarely used terms of toponymy itself.

Keywords: interdisciplinary research, terms of linguistics, terms of archeology, terms of oceanology, terms of geography, multiscientific collaborations, terminology, toponymy, Onomastics, language of science

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.2.26181

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of particularities of English borrowings in the modern French language. The author of the article provides a detailed analysis of the main means of the lexical and semantic integration of anglicisms in the French language. Minova pays special attention to the role of anglicisms in enrichment of vocabulary of the modern French language and their use in active vocabulary of the French society. The rationale of the research theme is caused by the fact that recently English borrowings have been of great interest for modern researchers as one of stable trends in language transformations. The use of anglicisms in other languages has been becoming a global tendency lately. The research is based on lexicographical, descriptive, comparative methods as well as methods of cognitive and lexical and semantic analysis. The results of the research demonstrate that the lexical and semantic criterion is one of the most important indicators of how fully anglicisms are adopted by the French language and successful integration of English borrowings does not only contribute to differentiation between semantic shades and enrich the modern French language but also economize linguistic means.

Keywords: Semantics, Foreign Borrowings, Lexical and Semantic Integration, English Language, French Language, Franglish, Franglais, Anglicisms, English Borrowings, Globalization

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.3.35632

Abstract: The object of the study is the coverage of bilingualism in the French-speaking press of the province of Quebec. The research material was 100 articles of online versions of the newspapers La Presse, Le Journal de Montréal, Le Devoir, the central theme of which is bilingualism and the official languages of Canada. The aim of the study is to identify the linguistic and pragmatic features of the coverage of bilingualism, which actually takes place in the province of Quebec with officially approved monolingualism, in the traditional media of the province. To achieve the purpose of the study, such a method as discourse analysis was applied, 320 units of discursive analysis were allocated (in this study, we consider the part of the article - a sentence, a paragraph, which highlights one aspect of bilingualism (an event related to bilingualism, the implementation of bilingualism in any sphere of public life or attitude to of these, 179 relate exclusively to bilingualism on a provincial scale. As a result of the analysis of the language material, it was revealed that the key topics are the statement of the bilingualism of the social life of the province, primarily its educational system and production process (including the need to speak English for employment), the further development of this trend and the regression of Francophonie due to the greater social significance of the English language and globalization, the struggle with the current linguistic and sociolinguistic the situation and the accusation of government structures and ordinary native speakers, criticism of institutional and individual bilingualism (although the motives for protecting bilingualism as a competitive advantage and criticism of the rejection of bilingualism are presented). The Bonjour/Hi formula is also widely covered (the attitude towards it in the Quebec press is mostly negative), bilingualism in Montreal, presented as a linguistic and ideological betrayal. The economic and legal aspects of bilingualism in the province are poorly reflected in the analyzed material, presumably due to officially approved monolingualism.

Keywords: globalization, language policy, linguopragmatics, francophonie, discourse analysis, media discourse, Quebec, monolingualism, bilingualism, Canada

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.7.36763

Abstract: The subject of the research in the framework of the article is the study of the main derivational models of abbreviated terminological units of the pharmaceutical field in modern English. The object of the study was the English-language terms-abbreviations of the sphere under consideration, selected in an amount of more than 300 units. In the course of the work, the structural types of pharmaceutical terminological units that have undergone abbreviation are analyzed in detail, as well as the key structural and word-formation models according to which this process was carried out. The main frequency and occasional morphological, morphological-syntactic and syntactic models of terminoderivation are revealed. The research methodology is complex and includes the method of continuous sampling of abbreviated pharmaceutical terms, the method of component analysis, the method of definitional analysis, the method of reconstruction of structural and word-formation models (models of terminoderivation) in modern English, the method of etymological analysis, methods of quantitative analysis. The main conclusion of the study is that the pharmaceutical field in modern English is characterized by the presence of terms-abbreviations containing from one to seven components, while letter abbreviations containing two, three and four term elements prevail. In the course of the work, it was revealed that about 40% of pharmaceutical terminological names are accompanied by an abbreviation. The main type of pharmaceutical terms-abbreviations are letter abbreviations, a significant part of which are initial abbreviations. Among the most frequent models of terminoderivation in the pharmaceutical terminosystem, purely syntactic models were identified. Frequency syntactic models are represented by various combinations of nouns, including proper names, adjectives and nouns, as well as participles connected by prepositions and conjunctions, etc. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the identification of specific models of terminoderivation when creating pharmaceutical abbreviations, as opposed to the formation of full-structured terms. The prospects of the research include the study of models of the formation of abbreviated terminological units of the pharmaceutical sphere in Russian, Spanish, French and German.

Keywords: word - formation model, abbreviation, derivation, model, reduction, pharmaceuticals, terminosystem, terminology, term, the derivational model

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.3.39312

Abstract: This article discusses the most common statistical computer programs for processing an array of data. The method of determining "manually" the required amount of experimental material is proposed. Based on the data of descriptive statistics, an analysis of a specific research situation is carried out using mathematical formulas that include a finite set of empirical data obtained in a sample of measurements, finding the "best" value for estimating the "exact" value of the measured value and determining the accuracy of measurements. As a result of the calculations performed, the percentage of permissible error is demonstrated, as well as the necessary amount of the studied material to reduce it. Based on the results of calculations, it becomes possible to draw a conclusion about the reliability of the results of the experiment. This article discusses the use of statistical software to prove the truth and reliability of the conclusions obtained as a result of experiments conducted in the course of scientific research. The given method - data analysis using statistical calculations is of great importance in various types of activities. Statistical data processing is an important element in any activity. In certain professions, statistical analysis is resorted to from time to time, in others - often or even daily. With its help, it is possible to study various data arrays, manage them, draw conclusions from the results obtained, formalize them into tables or present them in the form of graphs when compiling reports and preparing scientific articles.

Keywords: speakers, deviation, experimental material, necessity, sufficiency, descriptive statistics, pronunciation, Software, auditors, phonemes

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.8.43701

Abstract: The article deals with the study of dialect and colloquial elements in English fiction. The main aim of the study is to identify, analyze and characterize the significance of dialect and colloquial elements in modern fiction. The author studies the following terms “dialect”, “dialect words”, “colloquial words”. In the article dialect-colloquial elements are defined as speech units that characterize a certain dialect and are accompanied by some colloquial elements. The examples of dialect-colloquial elements are taken from the following works: “The Secret Garden” by Frances Hodgson Burnett (1911), “When Marnie Was There” by Joan G. Robinson (1967), “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” by J. K. Rowling (1999). The analysis of the works demonstrates that the functioning of dialect-colloquial elements is observed at different language levels: phonetic, grammatical and lexical. Reduction of sounds, devoicing or voicing of sounds, incorrect reading of the ending ‘ing’ are used at the phonetic level. The lexical level is characterized by the usage of obsolete forms of parts of speech and colloquial words. On the grammatical level a violation of the traditional grammar norms (no ending in the plural, the use of double negation, etc.) is found. The research proves that dialect-colloquial elements help to depict the characters vividly, convey the individuality of their speech, and sometimes serve as a means of satire.

Keywords: dialect words, colloquial words, dialect-colloquial words, phonetic level, grammatical level, lexical level, individuality, dialect, dialectology, fiction

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.7.31442

Abstract: This article analyzes the results of quarter of a century long analysis of the phenomenon of language globalization within the framework of new branch of interlinguistics – language globalistics. Emphasis is made on the analysis of established linguistic and extralinguistic factors of language globalization, reasons and circumstances of acquisition the status of global by English language. Attention is also paid to the concept of the global language network and sub-global languages in the Internet communication and global linguocultural and lexical-semantic exchange. The author examines the prospects of language globalization in the context of achievements of language globalistics. It is concluded that if for acquisition of the status of global by English language, the crucial role was played extralinguistic factors, then for consolidation and retention of this status linguistic factors were more significant. It is noted that the "users" are more important than "native speakers" for the language globalization. Internet communication, for which English language has historically become the key tool, continues to expand the composition of “users” of the global language. This would arise new challenges for the linguistic globalistics.

Keywords: theory of language, interlinguistics, global language net, global communication, subglobal languages, language globalistics, language globalization, English, world languages, language policy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.1.39704

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the latest word formations in different structured languages that appeared in the information Internet space during the coronavirus pandemic. Lexical units of Russian-, French- and English-language news resources are considered. In the process of analysis, the authors apply the methodology of classification of models of neologisms and borrowings and identify the degree of their integration in the recipient language. Various ways of forming new lexical units with the help of numerous word-forming operations are also studied and their complex morphological structure is revealed. The authors investigate the prerequisites for the emergence of neologisms in English, as well as English borrowings in Russian and French using examples from various news sources. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to make a comparative study of borrowings and models of integration of the latest English borrowings in Russian and French Internet information sources, and also studies the specifics of the mechanism of adaptation of neologisms in the English-language information system. The word-formation methods of the formation of the newest lexical units are studied in detail, their complex structure is confirmed. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that most lexical units have a complex morphological structure, arrive in the status of mastering the recipient language. It is also found that the integration of borrowed vocabulary in a language is a long-term process, as a result of which one state of the lexical stock is replaced by another.

Keywords: integration, different structured languages, lexical unit, coronavirus, comparative analysis, English borrowing, morphological structure, borrowing, neologism, adaptation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.6.43424

Abstract: The main content of this study is the analysis of stable expressions in Russian and English. The article reveals the content of the concept of "phraseology", it examines the classification of phraseological units in modern linguistics, describes the problems that can be encountered when translating phraseological units from one language to another. Special attention is paid to the difference of phraseological variants in the context of interlanguage study, as well as the relationship between language and culture, national understanding of mentality, the essence of language, the need for scientific study of the communicative function of society in cognitive and discursive aspects. The purpose of the study is to analyze phraseological phrases in Russian and English, to identify their stylistic and grammatical features. The structural and semantic characteristics of phraseological units of the Russian and English languages and the principles of their classification are considered. Special attention is paid to the regularities of the functioning of phraseological units in the system of modern linguistics. It is argued that the conclusions obtained as a result of this study are important for intercultural understanding and communication, as well as for effective learning of foreign languages. The author proves the urgent need to improve the stylistic literacy of teachers and students, translators, lexicographers, and also emphasizes the importance of phraseological research in the context of demonstrating the relationship between language and society.

Keywords: russian language, english language, concept, language model, intercultural communication, stylistic literacy, idioms, linguistics, language comparison, phraseology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31514

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of using telic and atelic verbs of motion in the literary text. The material for this study became the epic by the Yakut writer Platon Sleptsov-Oyunsky “Nikolay Dorogunov – the Hawk of the Lena” (1936). Emphasis is placed on interrelation between the semantics of telicity/atelicity and the lexical-semantic subgroups of the verbs of motion. The folkloristic nature of this text allows the author to dedicate special attention to functionality of figurative verbs and their actional modifications. The application of functional-semantic approach determines the compatibility of the verbs of motion with contextual means of expression of telicity and atelicity of the Yakut language. Examination of interrelation between grammatical and literary structure of the text relates to the insufficiently studied questions of the Yakut linguistics. The scientific novelty consists the attempt to reveal the role of verbs in creation of the unique style of the writer based on the example of functionality of one of the main lexical-semantic groups of verbs. Among the style-formative approaches of the indicated tale are the high synonymy of the verbs of motion, their repetition and use as a part of parallelistic constructs. Figurative verbs, which comprise the majority of the Yakut atelic verbs, possess particular expressiveness. It is determined that telic verbs in this text are characterized with high compatibility with the contextual representations of outer margin.

Keywords: literary text, lexical and semantic group, atelicity, telicity, aspects, movement, functional-semantic approach, verb, Yakut language, style

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.9.33953

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the discourse practice of legitimation of values in pedagogical discourse, which is regarded as a translator of value attitudes relevant to the existing ideological formation, which implicitly forms the value worldview of each new member of linguocultural community. The goal consists in determination and description the specific characteristics of implementation of one of the four discourse strategies the practice of legitimation, highlighted by the representative of the British School of Critical Discourse Analysis T. Van Leeuwen – strategy of reference to authority. This strategy is implemented through six substrategies: reference to personal authority, reference to impersonal authority, reference to expert authority, reference to role model authority, reference to authority of tradition, and reference to authority of conformity. The research material includes the corpus of texts representing the Japanese pedagogical discourse: the textbook “Our Morality" and commentary on work program for the teachers of elementary and middle school. The novelty of this study consists in the description of discourse practice of legitimation of values implemented within the framework of pedagogical discourse. It was established that the strategy of reference to authority is implemented in the Japanese pedagogical discourse in full force; however, in interpretation of Japanese linguoculture, this strategy features the set of preferred and non-preferred substrategies.

Keywords: critical discourse studies, discourse, Japanese language, discourse analysis, authorization, discursive strategies, legitimation, pedagogical discourse, educational settings, legitimation strategies

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.12.69328

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the future tense forms in the Dargin languages which belong to the Nakh-Dagestan language group. The relevance of the issue is that the languages of the small nations of Dagestan are rapidly disappearing for recent decades, while the younger generation mainly uses the Russian language for communication. Meanwhile, it is known that the morphological system of the East Caucasian languages is quite rich and consists of numerous paradigms of inflectional categories. Particularly, there is an extensive system of aspectual, tense and modal forms in the Dargin languages. The main purpose of the article is to study the semantic peculiarities of four verb forms that express - futurum, progressive, possibilitative and obligatory meanings of the future tense. The objectives of the work is to study the ways of their formation and also reveal the differences in the functioning of future tense forms in the Northern Dargin and the Southern Dargin languages. To solve these problems, the methods of field linguistics, as well as the method of descriptive analysis are used. In description of the forms of the future tense, the main meaning, methods of formation, examples are given, and the designations of these forms in the works of predecessors are also given. As a result of the study, all forms of the future tense functioning in the Dargin languages are described, the peculiarities of their formation are considered, semantic differences and the terms for their functioning are revealed. Some ways of development of futurum in the Dargin languages are also identified. A hypothesis is put forward according to which this form existed in the proto-Dargin state, but then disappeared in the Northern Dargin languages. Habitualis started to function as the future tense in them.

Keywords: futurum, conjugation, aspect category, tense category, verb, grammatical categories, morphology, the Caucasian languages, the Dargin languages, prospective

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.2.20612

Abstract: In his research Borunov examines methods and techniques of text processing used to create author's dictionaries, the latter being the subject of the research. The object of the research is the author's dictionary devoted to a series of novels about Harry Potter. The author analyzes the methods used to select words for the author's dictionary. The main purpose of the article is to define methods of text processing and use of these methods in the process of creating the author's dictionary. Borunov provides a theoretical review of the main text processing methods. The article also contains English-language examples to illustrate theoretical provisions. The research methods include the method of manual selection, analysis and synthesis of data, and description based on a particular text under analysis. The main conclusions of the research is the ideas about the important role of such diligent lexicographic research. The author's contribution to the topic is a detailed description of the stages of work on creating the author's dictionary by an English-speaking author. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author describes the method of stage-by-stage manual processing of the material completed with computer processing.

Keywords: Harry Potter Lexicon Encyclopedia, stages of work, manual selection of data, text processing, methods of text processing, author’s dictionaries, linguistic analysis, applied lexicography, structure of the dictionary, modern English

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.2.37441

Abstract: The article examines the ways of the individual's influence on the subconscious of the recipient of the text using phraseological units (FE) in it. The FE functions are presented in the context of their influence on the subconscious of the individual, the main one is highlighted вЂ” the emotional evaluation of the object of the nomination by the speaker. Phraseology, in our opinion, is of the greatest interest for studying the peculiarities of the verbalization of personality characteristics, due to the fact that the phraseological unit reflects the linguistic picture of the human world along with his background knowledge, national and cultural characteristics of the linguistic community to which he belongs, and contains the evaluative attitude of the speaker in its meaning. It is proved that the main way of FE formation due to the fact that the phraseological unit reflects the linguistic picture of the human world along with his background knowledge, national and cultural characteristics of the linguistic community, is metaphorization, closely related to the activity of the subconscious of the individual. It is concluded that the speaker's influence on the recipient's subconscious through the use of FE depends on the addressee's attitude to the object of his assessment, his behavior, actions, value orientations, character qualities, on which the addressee wants to exert a regulating influence through the emotionally expressive content of his utterance.The relevance of this study is determined by a steadily increased general linguistic interest in both phraseology and psychological aspects of personality.

Keywords: psycholinguistics, verbalization, phraseologism, the picture of the world, relationship, estimation, emotions, metaphorization, the subconscious, the unconscious

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.4.30606

Abstract: The object of this research is the metaphorical component of text, which allows understanding more profound meanings of information code and determine attitudes of the addressee. The subject of this research is the conceptual metaphors that manifests as the means of categorization, comprehension of the surrounding world, access to mental processes and mechanisms. Establishing associative links between the phenomena of cognizable world, metaphors represent the understanding of reality by an individual and form new knowledge on the world. The text of the article by M. Kiseleva “Who benefits from the raise of retirement age” served as the material for this research. In description of linguistic material, the author applied semantic-cognitive method of analysis that allow studying the types of mental representations in mentality of native speakers. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the types of metaphors, the language means of which can be considered as metaphorical nominations representing the concepts of “life”, “retirement”, “government”, “person”, etc. It is concluded that the text of mass communication utilizes zoomorphic, phytomorphic, thematic, artefactual and sociomorphic metaphors as the means of linguistic manipulation. Metaphorical nominations, presented by conceptual metaphors, using the mentality of a native speaker, reflect one of the methods of categorization of the surrounding environment. The research results may serve as the materials for linguocognitive studies of the concepts.

Keywords: linguistic worldview, metaphorization, types of metaphors, metaphorical transfer, metaphoric model, theory of conceptual metaphor, conceptual metaphor, cognitive linguistics, semantic-cognitive analysis, concept

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.3.23889

Abstract: This article describes the German bipredicative verbs research performed in line with the concepts of modern linguistics with its complex and integrative approach to the study of linguistic phenomena, when certain semantic phenomena (in this case – bisituationality) are taken as a basis, combining linguistic means both in their forms and in their semantic-syntactic functions. The subject of the description is constructions with bipredicative verbs (on the material of German verbs with separated first components). To study German bipredicative verbs the authors use some methods of analyzing dictionary definitions as well as the derivational analysis of derived units that helps to establish the relations of word-formation derivation between the derivative and its base. Thus, it becomes possible to describe three positions: the source of motivation and the means of its presentation in the structure of the de-rivative, the ways of its formal transformation, and the ways of forming a new meaning. Formulas of interpretation that are periphrases are defined on the basis of vocabulary defini-tions. Groups of bipredicative verbs which are combined into structural-semantic rows are distinguished on the basis of the proximity of lexicographical interpretations. Structural-semantic rows of bipredicative verbs are formed taking into account morphological, syntactic and semantic similarity of verbs. Another methods used in the research are the distribution analysis; some elements of the componential analysis method; the method of diatheses as a generalizing method for comparing language units of different levels; and the descriptive method and some elements of quantitative analysis for describing the research results. Scientific novelty is in the fact that the authors research the corpus of German verbs for the identi-fication of bipredicativeness for the first time. The results of the research can be used in the courses of teaching theoretical and practical grammars, lexicology and stylistics of the modern German language for students and postgraduate students, in carrying out special courses on the semantic syntax of the German language. They also can be used in the courses on the theory and practice of translation, since most bipredicative verbs are an idioethnic phenomenon of the German language and, in fact, a vivid example of “untranslatable in translation”. The experience of studying constructions with bipredicative verbs in German can also facilitate the analysis of bipredicative verbs in other languages.

Keywords: bipredicative verb, bipredicativeness, motivation verb, monopredicative verb, predication, actant, separated first component, bisituationality, bipredicative mark, derivational marker

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.10.32023

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis of slogans in Chinese and Russian languages, as well as the characteristic to each language communicative strategies, for determining similarities and differences of the peculiarities of their implementation. In the course of analysis, the author determined the target focus of advertising text, which in turn, defines the selection of language tools that implement one or another strategy. Having conducted a cross-cultural comparison based on materials of the slogans in Chinese and Russian languages, the author revealed the communication strategies and speech techniques implemented in each text, and calculated the number their occurrences. The scientific novelty consists in discovery of the elements of level structure of speech impact of advertising (communication strategies and speech techniques typical for a particular advertising discourse). The elements are carefully explored and described. This article is first to describe the comparison of communication strategies and speech techniques are also described within the framework of juxtaposition of Russian and Chinese languages. The acquired results demonstrate the impact of communication strategies upon the perception of advertised information, as well as dependence of communication strategies on the cultural aspect.

Keywords: intercultural communication, cross-cultural analysis, linguistics, Chinese language, speech impact, communication strategies, advertising, cultural aspect, advertising communication, China

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.7.33430

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the methods of translating phraseological units in the works of D. H. Lawrence. Based on examination of the scientific works of leading scholars in the area of phraseology, the author reviews classification of the methods of translating phraseological units, and underlines the preference of using phraseological method. Having analyzed the literary works of D. H. Lawrence, the author highlights all instances of translation of phraseological units into Russian language. For achieving the set goal, the author found two versions of translation of each work conducted by different translators. Such instances were illustrated by examples of the selected literary works in the source language and target language. The patterns and difficulties of translation of same phraseological units faced by different translator were determined. The author carried out statistical analysis of using different methods of translation, and concluded on the frequency of usage of the most preferable technique of translating phraseological units. The main conclusion lies in the fact that the most preferred method of translation appears to be the rarest (total 17%), while the percentage of use of this method varies from translator to translator. However, the author notes that inability to use a phraseological method of translation does not always mean a poor quality translation, and in many instances is justified; but, at the same time, the author proves that translators should pay more attention to recognition of phraseological units and seek for phraseological equivalents and analogues of translated phraseological units in the target language.

Keywords: source language, target language, non-phraseological method of translation, phraseological analogue, phraseological equivalent, phraseological method of translation, phraseological unit, dictionary translation, literal translation, contextual peculiarities

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.1.34885

Abstract: Modern advertising became a part of communicative culture. Therefore, the language of advertising draws attention of scholars from different fields. However, the task of determining and studying linguistic means that encourage attention of customers remains relevant. This article examines the phonostylistic means that allow creating a certain emotional background after reading an advertisement. The research materials contains advertising texts and slogans from various websites and social media (such as Vkontakte, Instagram, Facebook). Methodology implies the selection of practical material, identification of the basis phonostylistic means used in English-language and Russian-language advertising texts, comparison of such means in both languages. The conducted research demonstrates that alliteration, assonance, annomination, wordplay, and rhyme are most frequently used means in the English-language and Russian-language online advertising. The English-language online advertising most often employs alliteration, while the Russian-language online advertising most frequently uses phonostylistic means. Such pattern is associated with the number of vowels and consonants in the alphabets of these two languages. The application of phonostylistic means makes the text lean, melodiousness, and expressivity. Advertising agencies focus on audio and stylistic presentation of advertising text for impacting the audience.

Keywords: rhyme, word-play, annomination, assonance, alliteration, phonostylistic means, slogan, advertising text, advertisement, language game

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.11.39174

Abstract: The subject of the study are the results obtained in the course of electroacoustic analysis of a single text. This fragment is part of an interview recorded by an Indian student studying French in the Republic of India. The auditor participating in the recording of the phonogram of the fragment is a resident of South India, living in the state of Tamil Nadu. The task of the experiment carried out by the authors is to study the methods of intonation selection using the main prosodic characteristics of the semantics of texts of various subjects. The object of this study is the analysis of indicators of the frequency of the main tone, intensity, duration, and pause. The article contains a table consisting of the results of processing acoustic data obtained using the PRAAT software, which provides the ability to process and analyze sounding speech. The authors consider in detail the procedure of the experiment, which consists in transcribing the text, highlighting lexico-semantic lines opposed to each other, the process of rationing according to the formulas given in the article, as well as analyzing the results. The main conclusion of the study is the calculation of deviations from the average values of the main acoustic parameters that characterize words that express the semantic lines of the text and are combined into two opposed lexico-semantic complexes.

Keywords: pause, duration, pitch frequency, phono-stylistic features, intonational emphasis, electroacoustic analysis, prosodic design, Republic of India, instrumental analysis, the state of Tamil Nadu

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.5.30751

Abstract: The article represents the description of ideal cognitive model of LIGHT/DARK archetypical binary opposition, metaphorically represented in the modern American political media discourse. Classific cognitive features and frames, constituting the mental spaces of the dichotomy under consideration are identified and described. The modelling of LIGHT/DARK binary pposition cognitive structure is represented by 3 stages. They are as follows: 1. the cognitive features identifed in the process of archetypical concepts' macrostructures description are referred to archetypical senses forming their mental spaces;2. the categorical structures of arcgetypical concepts are identified as frames or specific cognitive features, makong concepts' cognitive structure more detaoled;3.the character of archetypicak concepts' field organisation is determined by means of identyfying the core, the nearest and the farthest periphery of archetypical binary opposition cognitive structure.The methodology of the research is based on the cognitive-discursive paradigm, cognitive analysis of image making ways of archetypical senses ontologization in the political discourse.The novelty of research consists in representation of the ideal cognitive model of archetypical binary opposition LOGHT/DARK in the political discourse, the main characterisitic of which is conceptual assymetry, predetermining the charachter of interconnections between the components of binary opposition on the cognitive, verbal and discourse levels.

Keywords: verbal representation, sense ontologization, cognitiv-discursive paradigma, ideal cognitive model, archetypical binary opposition, political mediadiscourse, metaphor, cognitiva classifying feature, recurrency, category structure

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.4.37198

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the translation of modal verbs in the novel "Little Women" by Louise May Alcott. The object of this research is the categories of modality in a work of art. The subject of the study is the ways of transferring modality from English to Russian when translating the novel "Little Women" by Louise May Alcott. The relevance of this work is due to the fact that the transfer of modality from English to Russian and vice versa presents certain difficulties for the majority of Russian-speaking students. The author considers the classification of modal verbs, as well as the meanings they acquire in the process of translating this literary text. В The scientific novelty of the article is due to the need to study such a universal concept as modality, which in each case, depending on the communicative situation, conveys not only facts, but also evaluates what is happening. The article solves the following main tasks: to analyze the meanings of modal verbs and the frequency of their use in this work, as well as to present possible translation options. As a result, we found that modality presents difficulties in translation due to the fact that in various communicative situations it can acquire an additional emotional load, which, if misinterpreted, can distort the essence of the utterance.

Keywords: subjective modality, translation theory, equivalent translation, transfer of modality, artwork, modal verbs, translation, modality, objective modality, modality of the text

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.3.29609

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the currently relevant within Yakut linguistics problem of language and speech normalization of functional styles. An attempt is made to reveal the linguistics peculiarities of the colloquial style of Yakut language through the prism of verbal predicate as one of the key components in a sentence. As a result of semantic-stylistic and statistics-linguistics analysis of verbal predicate in the colloquial style, the author identifies its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Special attention is turned to the intercalation changes of verbal predicates in colloquial style that take place under the influence of Russian language. The article determines frequency of the use of forms of verbal predicates in literary style, which allowed to objectively assess indicators that were revealed by means of application of the semantic-stylistic method. Functionality of verbal predicates in colloquial style is defined by their lexical-semantic meanings, structural-semantic parameters and means of expression, as well as utilization and prevalence of certain verbal predicates in colloquial style is substantiated by extralinguistic specificities of this speech style. At the initial stages of normalization process of functional styles of Yakut language, it is important to give an objective assessment to the ongoing within colloquial style intercalation changes under the influence of Russian language by determining its negative and potentially positive aspects.

Keywords: semantic-stylistic method, stylostatic method, statistical method, compound verb predicate, simple verbal predicate, verbal predicate, colloquial style, functional styles, Yakut language, stylistic possibilities

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.3.30056

Abstract: The subject under research is precedent phenomena of English and Russian linguo cultures as these are demonstrated in the discourse of foreign mass media about the winter Olympics in Sochi. Precedent phenomena of English and Russian linguo cultures in this media discourse play varied functions and connotations. Appealing to precedent phenomena of their own linguo culture, journalists give vivid characteristics of phenomena they describe. These phenomena are well-known for readers and serve as a key to understanding unfamous aspects of the Russian culture. They can also add some humorous or ironic tone. In their turn, precedent phenomena of Russian linguo culture do not play an explicative function in this discourse but have a role of negative connotation intensifiers. In this research Palanchuk carries out a linguo cultural analysis of precedent phenomena in Russian and English linguo cultures as these are demonstrated in Western media discourse. As a result of the research, Palanchuk describes the following features of the use of precedent phenomena in Russian and English linguo cultures in Western media discourse about Olympics 2014: - precedent phenomena of English linguo culture play an explicative function as well as add humorous or ironic tone; - precedent phenomena of Russian linguo culture serve as intensifiers of negative connotation.

Keywords: explanatory function, English linguaculture, Russian linguaculture, media discourse, precedent name, precedent text, precedent phenomenon, connotation of precedent phenomena, political context, Olympics in Sochi

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.2.29069

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of verbalization of the perceptual space of the text type "description". The subject of the study in this work is the functioning of inactive verb predicates of visual perception and intermodal semantics in the descriptive artificial texts, extracted from the Russian prose of 19-20 centuries. Within a block of predicates of visual perception, there are distinguished 11 lexico-semantic groups (LSG) of predicates (predicates of placement, position, scope of subject and others), among the units of intermodal semantics there are five LSG (units of representation of auditory, olfactory, tactile, gustatory, undifferentiated modalities). The principal method is semantic-contextual, implying the analysis of semantic transformations of predicates on the context, also a structural-descriptive method, meaning the study of the semantic of verb predicates in the descriptive type of a text and their classification. The novelty of the study is due to the new approach to the description of the perceptual space, as a result, follows the analysis not only of units of visual perception but also predicates of intermodal semantics, implicitly representing the spatial relations in narrative text. The study of the predicates revealed as a result of the LSG analysis is important for the study of the writer's idiostyle.

Keywords: visual perception, classification of predicates, verb predicate, structural-semantic model, actant core, perceptual space, literary text, text of descriptive type, intermodal predicate, idiostyle

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31516

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of the numeral, one of the parts of speech in Kadar language, referring to small non-literate languages of Dargin group (Nahsko-Dagestan branch of Caucasian languages). The following types of numerals are considered: cardinal, ordinal, multiple, distributive, and collective. Attention is focused on the formation of numerals and declension by cases, numbers and classes. In order to determine all peculiarities within the system on numerals characteristic only to Kadar speech, the material is compared with the data of other Dargin languages. The method of synchronic analysis became the key method for this research; methods of field work were used in the course of expedition in the village of Chankurbe of Buinaksk District of the Republic of Dagestan, in collection of information on the numerals in Kadar language. As a result of comparison of Kadar material with the data of other Dargin languages, the author determined and describes the peculiarities in the system of numerals, inherent only to Kadar speech. Particularly, it is established that composite numerals in Kadar language, from thirty to ninety, are formed without adding the suffix “-nu” to the score numerals; at the same time with simple numerals, following the score, is not used the suffix “-ra”.

Keywords: word formation, a numeral, inflection, grammar, Kadar idiom, the Dargin languages, the Caucasian languages, a case, a number, a grammar class

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.5.38038

Abstract: Colour terms are a significant group of lexical units of any language. The article is devoted to the identification and the description of lexical units that explicitly express colour or include implicitly transmitted semes of colour in the novel by the German writer L. Feuchtwanger «The ugly duchess». The author believes that colour terms, accumulating national-cultural stereotypes and ideological meanings of the linguistic community, reproduce fragments of reality and the artistic concept of the world in the text. Using various connotations of colour meanings, L. Feuchtwanger solves two tasks in the novel: colour-description creates a unique poetics of the work, and color-characteristic reveals its main idea. The linguistic representation of colour terms in this novel allows us to understand the writer's idiostyle and the cultural meanings of his work, the peculiarities of the colour perception in the German linguoculture. Since the colour-description in the analyzed novel has not been researched yet, this determines the novelty of this work. The results of the research allow us to assert that the dominant coloratives that define the writer’s idiostyle are shades of blue, gray, white, black, red and brown, i.e. the basic palette of colours. It is worth noting that there are relative more lexemes in the novel that express colour explicitly. The significance of this research is determined by the fact that it contributes to further development of stylistics, linguoculturology and intercultural communication, and can be used in teaching German in higher educational institutions.

Keywords: language picture of the world, fiction text, color description, german literature, explicitness, implicitness, coloratives, classification of color terms, idiostyle, language representation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.8.43774

Abstract: In this review, we intend to consider the possibility of analyzing the pedagogical discourse and its axiological component within the framework of the traditions of the third generation cognitive approach. The study of educational and pedagogical discourse is of interdisciplinary nature. Researchers from various areas of social sciences explore categorical, genre, social, linguistic, and other features of educational and pedagogical discourse. We propose to look at axiological component of educational and pedagogical discourse from the perspective of third-generation cognitive linguistics, in which the main function of language is the orientation of individual members of a particular social group. Within the biocognitive perspective, educational discourse is perceived as a part of linguistic interactions in the public sphere. It is suggested that the domain of written texts have a primary position in the public linguistic domains compared to natural language in the consensual domain of personal and family linguistics domains. In the center of this approach lies the understanding of language as a cognitive activity specific to humans as biological species. Both community and its individuals are co-determined in language and through language, and language is viewed as an interpersonal activity far from a stable system of symbols. In the relational domain of linguistic interactions between individual and society social values have a potential to exert an orientational influence on individuals.

Keywords: language function, biocognitive approach, third generation of cognitive science, linguistic interactions, orienting function of language, cognitive linguistics, axiological component, educational and pedagogical discourse, social imperative, socialisation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.3.36812

Abstract: The subject of the study is the toponymy of the Ryazan district of the Ryazan region, which belongs to one of the concentration zones of the Old Russian toponymy of the region. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive survey of the toponymic landscape of the Ryazan villages of Dyadkovo – Vyshgorod with the identification of the most ancient layer of local names, their linguistic and chronological attribution. The sources of the material are Russian chronicles, scribal books, historical and modern topographic maps, as well as data from the author's toponymic expedition of 2021. In the analysis of the material, etymological, structural-semantic, formant, areal methods, the method of comparing linguistic, archaeological, geographical and historical data are used. The novelty of the research lies in the collection and systematization of the modern toponymy of the studied area, a comprehensive description of the Old Russian group of toponyms, identification of links with the territories of earlier Slavic settlement. It is established that the toponymy of this area does not reveal traces of a toponymic substrate, which indicates that the territory was fully developed in the past by the ancient Russian population. The etymology of the names is related to the traditional Slavic geographical terminology (city ‘fortified settlement’, Vyshegorod ‘fortified settlement on a hill’ or ‘city laid upstream from another city’, bystrets ‘small river with a fast current’, raka ‘river with a narrow channel and high steep banks'), Slavic terms kinship or Old Russian namesake (uncle "father's or mother's brother", personal name Uncle). The existing etymologies of names that go back to geographical terms are confirmed by the geographical realities of the area. The appellatives of Ryazan toponyms reveal areal connections with the territories of the basins of the Dnieper, Dniester, Desna, the Carpathian zone, and toponyms – with the Kiev toponymy. The study confirms the importance of conducting toponymic expeditions in the comprehensive study of the toponymic landscape of local territories, even taking into account temporary changes in relief, fauna and hydrographic network. The results of the study are of interest for historical lexicography, regional and interregional toponymy, toponymic cartography.

Keywords: Vyshgorod, etymology of toponyms, Uncle, areal connections of toponyms, toponymic expedition, oikonymy, hydronymy, Ryazan toponymy, old Russian toponymy, toponymic landscape

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.8.37161

Abstract: Abstract The present article is devoted to the study of antonyms as a stylistic device based on opposites and contradictions, the identification of means of expressiveness. The object of the study is the stylistic figure “oxymoron", considered on the material of poetry of the XIX century. The purpose of the research is to reveal and comprehend the specific essence and features of the oxymoron as a category of poetics, to identify the relationship with the verbal poetic image as a kind of absurdity and paradox. The acceptance of speech paradoxes is explained by allophrony. Special attention is paid to the structural and semantic possibilities of an antonymic pair in the context of a deliberately used speech error. The work is carried out in line with the descriptive method of linguistics. The results of our linguistic research allow us to draw some conclusions: that the linguistic phenomenon is an oxymoron, is anomalous to words with a direct meaning and is characterized in science as a paradox. The acceptance of speech paradoxes, despite the contradictions, is explained by allophrony. The increased expressiveness of the oxymoron is achieved by contrasting, opposites, a combination of epithets incomprehensible to logic, in which a vivid manifestation of feelings, moods, thoughts is expressed, it is implied as an incorrect, unfair combination of ideas in one whole, that is, as a violation, as something that does not have the right to exist in a work of art due to inconsistency, logically mutually exclusive each other even before direct interaction. The oxymoron as a phenomenon of poetic and empirical reality is used as metaphorical names of any physiological deviations in the description of heroes, anomalies in nature containing a paradox. The minimal structure of the oxymoron is a phrase, it is the result of a fusion of contrasting meanings. An adjective and a noun interact in an oxymoron, less often an adverb and a verb, a verb and a adverb, an adverb and an adjective.

Keywords: logical violation, the paradox, absurd, expression, stylistic figures, semantics, oxymoron, allophrony, controversy, the opposite

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.29108

Abstract: The subject of this research is the proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie” in the English language. The relevance of their studying is substantiated by the need in theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of these phraseological units in aspect of the problem of interrelation between cultural and language, which contributes to more profound understanding of national mentality reflected in the English linguistic worldview. The article explores and analyzes the phenomena of proverbs and sayings, determines their common and differentiating traits. Using the method of semantic analysis, the author develops the classification of proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie”, as well as describes theory structure. As a result of the conducted research, the author determined 31 proverbs and sayings. They reveal the multifaceted nature of human existence, elucidate the perception of truth and lie in the English-language world. Truth and lie are associated with the means of achieving something. At the same time, truth does not always has a positive connotation, but serve as a tool for causing harm to others. Lie is the reason of negative, undesired events.

Keywords: semantic analysis, lexical component, the English language, lie, truth, saying, proverb, semantic group, meaning, phraseological unit

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.4.35359

Abstract: This article determines the frequency of using the elements of construction of the compound nominal predicate “copulative verb + participle” in the publicistic speech. Considering the fact that in the English language participle is divided into two types – participle I (present tense) and the participle II (past tense), the article explores the use of 12 copulative – appear, become, get, go, grow, feel, keep, look, prove, remain, seem, sound in combination with both types of participle. The author also examined the dictionary entries for the verb keep as most controversial in determination of the following infinitive form with the suffix -ing. The article provides the points of view of the linguists noting that the terms “gerund” and “participle I”, inherited from the grammatical tradition are unsuitable, and suggest to consider the infinitive forms (participle I and gerund) as the single -ing form due to somewhat overlap of their functions, homonymity and difficulty in distinguishing them. Therefore, participle I, as an element following the copulative verb with the suffix –ing is designated in the article as -ing form. Using the methods of continuous sampling and quantitative analysis on the material of the British online news platforms, such as BBC News, The Guardian, The Evening Standard, and The Express, for the period from January 2020 to March 2021, the author established that in the constructions of the compound nominal predicate “copulative verb + -ing form”, "copulative verb + participle II” in the publicistic style texts, the most common copulative verbs are get, keep, feel, become, remain; participle II has the highest frequency as a binding element of the compound nominal predicate. The research involved 200,000 words.

Keywords: gerund, -ing form, participle, compound nominal predicate, frequency, the linking component (element) of the predicate, the nominal (linking) part of the predicate, copular verb, non-finite forms of the verb, publicist style

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.4.24649

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the Internet meme in computer-mediated communication, its lexical features and the place and role of the meme for the Internet. The authors also carry out a linguistic analysis of the Internet meme that demonstrates what should be expected from a typical meme and what aspects of a meme are subject to change. Internet memes that contain linguistic elements provide a unique opportunity to trace back changes that have been happening in the language over short periods of time but unfortunately, researchers only start to analyze the phenomenon of the Internet meme. The research involved analysis of different variants of Internet memes that were found on the Russian Internet by using the continuous sampling method. Internet communication researches are at their early stage of development now and Internet memes provide a great basis for such researches. Moreover, memes are a humurous genre and provoke interesting debates in which the language changes and evolves. Analysis of constructs that are created through such debates is essential for understanding the communication process.

Keywords: lexical features of the internet meme, memetics, communication, internet communication, diachronic linguistics, meme, internet meme, computer-mediated communication, meme pool, constructive approach

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.9.34590

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of pedagogical and scientific activity of the Russian and Soviet Oriental scholar of the XX century V. I. Filonenko. Having acquired excellent education in the field of Oriental Studies in St. Petersburg University, he devoted his entire life to the development of science, leaving behind a rich legacy. The goal of this research lies in systematization of the records on the Crimean stage of scholar’s activity (1915–1935), when he proved himself as a remarkable scientist and pedagogue, head of the oriental department in Crimean Pedagogical Institute, and deputy head of Tauride Society of History, Archeology and Ethnography that often dealt with Arabic, Iranian, and Turkic philology. Although several brief biographies of V. I. Filonenko, including such compiled by his colleagues, are widely known, there is yet no comprehensive research on his contribution to the development of Oriental Studies in Crimea. This article attempts to provide a briad picture of V. I. Filonenko's scientific and pedagogical activity in the field of Oriental Studies and preparation of specialists in Oriental Studies. The article employs autobiographical materials, correspondence of Filonenko with Academician Krachkovsky, as well as minutes of the session of Tauride Society of History, Archeology and Ethnography. The acquired results reveal the role of V. I. Filonenko in the development of Russian Oriental Studies.

Keywords: Taurida Society of History, Taurida University, Turkology, Turkic languages, Persian language, Crimea, oriental studies, Filonenko, Crimean Pedagogical Institute, Krachkovsky

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.24403

Abstract: The subject of the article is the sources of the regional onomastics that study the creation, functioning and development of the proper names system in particular territories. Gordova describes the main kind of sources of the regional onomastics and the degree of their information capacity, names documents that contain better data on toponymy and anthroponymy of different Russian regions (cadastres, land registers, birchbark manuscripts, statistical compilations, geographical maps, and metrics). The sources are analyzed from the point of view of their chronological order from the written artifacts of the Ancient Rus to today's printed and field materials. To analyze documents of different kinds, Gordova has applied the method of textual analysis that allows to define onomastic texts (i.e. the texts in which proper names prevail). The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that Gordova analyzes and summarizes information about the sources that are used by researchers coming from different Russian regions. Noteworthy that the author defines sources that are general for the most of the regions (for example, cadastres of the XVIth century, statistical compilations of the XIXth century, topographic maps, field compilations) and sources that are specific for each individual region (for example, the Polish Camp documents are specific for Smolensk, and Korniliev drawing for Siberia). The author underlines that it is important to include proper names from different sources in specialized onomastic catalogues. This will allow to develop a valid source base of regional researches.

Keywords: scribe books, statistical documents, onomastic catalogue, field gathering materials, geographical maps, sources of material, toponymy of Russia, regional onomastics, onomastic text, historical onomastics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.1.35039

Abstract: The subject of this research is the specificity of expression of axiological component by means of somatic phraseological units in the modern English language. The somatic phraseological units are grouped in accordance with V. V. Vinogradov’s classification on a semantic basis. The names of the body parts are most common in the formation of phraseological units. The criterion for classification is the division into positive and negative evaluations. In phraseology, positive and negative evaluations manifested through the person’s “Self” based on the classification of Y. D. Apresyan (physical Self – capabilities and states of a person), intellectual Self – intellectual abilities and states), emotional Self – positive and negative emotional actions, social Self – business and professional qualities, social status, publicity), verbal and cogitative Self – verbal communication. The scientific novelty consists in classification of somatic phraseological units by guises of a person, as well as positive and negative evaluations. The article provides the statistical data of the groups of phraseological units. The following conclusions were made: most commonly used somatic phraseological units in the English language is ‘hand’; next come ‘head’, ‘eye’, ‘foot’, ‘nose’, ‘finger’, ‘heart’; the rest are less used. Negative evaluation prevails over positive in somatic phraseological units. At the same time, different body parts have different evaluative attraction: positive evaluation prevails or is not inferior to negative evaluation in phrases with the somatic component denoting the crucial body parts such as ‘arm’, ‘leg’, ‘head’, ‘eye’, ‘ear’) and has most phrasal effectiveness; while negative evaluation occurs in the units with rather insignificant component for the linguistic consciousness such as ‘nose’, ‘neck’, ‘elbow’, ‘finger’, and therefore has lesser phrasal productivity.

Keywords: human capabilities, classification criterion, negative assessment, positive assessment, somatism, phraseology, axiology, human abilities, social status, speech communication

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.3.23904

Abstract: The object of the research is ethnonyms in contemporary German and Austrian German. The subject of the research is the semantic features of these ethnonyms. The authors of the article examine the main differences of lexical-semantic ethnonym groups German and Austrian German. At the same time, they analyse stylistically neutral ethnonyms as well as stylistically marked ethnic nicknames. The authors make important conclusions based on the analysis of the semantic deprivation grounds that define the most important typical feature of the national in the eyes of Austrian citizens. The ethnonym corpus created as a result of continuous sampling from the lexicographical source has been analyzed in terms of its semantic structure and the basis of the secondary nomination has been defined. The main conclusion of the research is that stylistically neutral ethnonyms usually have a very similar phonetic or orthographical word frame in different German dialects. However, ethnic nicknames such as the names of nations living in bordering countries are unique in Austrian German such as Hungarians, Czechs, italians, Germans and so are local names of citizens living in different federal districts of Austria.

Keywords: morphological derivation, semantic change, Variantology, German German, ethnic stereotype, ethnophaulism, Austrian German, ethnonym, dialect, urbanolect

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.3.30862

Abstract: The object of this research is the linguistic mechanism of modalation in Russian language that produces lexical-semantic expressions of subjective modality of expression, and more extensively – of the text. Modalation is understood as a special type of functional and functional-semantic transposition of linguistic units from different parts of speech and inter-part-of-speech semantic-syntactic classification of introductory-modal words and expressions. The subject of this research is the levels of correspondence of differential signs of linguistic unit (verb), explicating in typical context a certain level of separation from the initial class (A) and convergence with the derivative class (B), deferential signs of prototypical (nuclear) representatives of class A and class B. Methodological framework contains the research of Russian and foreign author on the theory of parts of speech and syncretism in grammatical structure of a language. For determination of gradual form of modalation of the finite forms of verbs, the study applies oppositional method that allows describing on the scale of transitivity the different stages of their functional and functional-semantic transposition into the introductory-modal units. The index number calculation of correspondence of modalates to prototypical (nuclear) verbs and introductory-modal words and expressions is conducted using the indexing method. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that this work is firs to carry out indexing of correspondence of the peripheral deverbative modalates (“it is said”) to prototypical finite verbs (“are saying”) and prototypical devebative introductory-modal units (“perhaps”). As a result, it is established that in periphery zone of introductory-modal words and expressions, the modalate “it is said” shows 72% congruence (similarities and differences) with nuclear finite verbs (“are saying”) and 54% to nuclear deverbative introductory-modal words (“it seems”, “perhaps”).

Keywords: specific gravity, correspondence index, peripheral level, transition scale, introductory modal word, verb, modulation, grammar, Russian language, combinatorics of signs

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.5.30060

Abstract: The subject of the research is the lexical completeness of a popular scientific text on psychology in terms of its translation. The extract analyzed by Guzova is a part of popular scientific book on psychology and has such functional and stylistic peculiarities as great compactness and briefness of language expression as well as standard nature of the language frame. The genre specifics of a text of this type may considerably influence the choice of translation strategies. That said, the researcher focuses on the means of translation of popular science texts. The specifics of the material under research and goals set by the researcher condition the use of research methods including elements of semantic, lexicographical and contextual analysis. Based on the analysis of the extract from Edward T. Hall's book 'The Hidden Dimension', for the first time in the academic literature the author carries out a complex analysis of popular science text on psychology from the point of view of its translation taking its genre specifics. The author describes means of translation of terms, realias, pseudointernational vocabulary and onomastic vocabulary.

Keywords: translation of onomastic vocabulary, translation of realia, translation of terms, translation of scientific texts, adequacy of translation, equivalence of translation, text in psychology, scientific text, translation pseudointernational vocabulary, translation techniques

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.10.34061

Abstract: The object of this research is the category of chronotope – a significant complex text category that reflects the semantic coordinates of the text and extra-textual reality. The category of chronotope intertwines the isomorphic components of textual time and textual space. The Akathist genre belongs to an insufficiently studied functional religious style. Examination of the category of chronotope in the context of Akathist genre is relevant trend in the modern functional stylistics. The research material contains the texts of Orthodox Akathists dedicated to the canonized saints. The objectivity of scientific research is justified by the choice of texts from various time periods. The author applies the method of categorical-textual analysis, which reveals the linguo-stylistic technique of formation of the components of general communicative-pragmatic meaning of the text. The novelty is defined by the fact that the use of categorical-textual method in the analysis of the Akathist type of text, interpreted as a generalized textual structure with typical genre-forming components, allows determining with a high degree of objectivity the genre specificity of Akathist and religious functional style. As a result of the conducted research, the author highlights the categorical-textual typology of chronotope, which characterizes the systematic uniformity of Akathist texts. The article describes the methods of explication of the sacred, objective (objectively-sacred and objectively-profane), and subjective (subjectively-sacred and subjectively-profane) types of time and space. Temporal indicators and locative units of the determined types of chronotope reconstruct the dichotomy of the divine and the earthly in the Akathist, which is inherent to the Christian worldview and constructively substantiates the uniqueness of the religious functional style. The conducted analysis reveals the communicative-pragmatic focus of the complex textual category of chronotope. The research materials can be used as an illustrative textbook in the practical course of the stylistics of modern Russian language.

Keywords: text space, text time, text category, text, akathist, genre, style, functional, religious, category chronotope

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.12.37175

Abstract: This article examines the class-numerical indicators functioning in the suffixes of adjectives of the Dargin languages that belong to the Nakh-Daghestanian language family. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that these languages have rich morphological system; however, many grammatical categories are yet to be studied. The goal of this work is to determine the etymology of suffix indicator -ch-b (-v,- p), which forms the adjectives and contains an Aslaut changing class indicator. For achieving the set goal, the article employs comparative-historical analysis and descriptive method; for collecting verbal material of various idioms – the methods of field linguistics. The novelty consists in the fact that this attributivizer is analyzed from the comparative-historical perspective in the Dargin studies for the first time. It is established that the morpheme under review is formed from the short form of the adverb of place chedi (ch-) “upwards”. In the Dargin languages, it functions in form of the essive comprised by affixing class indicators to the lative form. With evolution of the language, this morpheme has been grammaticalized. The acquired results can be applied in preparing comparative-historical grammar of the Dargin languages, teaching the course of the Dargin literary language, as well as in typological research.

Keywords: localization, number category, case, adverb, morphology, grammar, grammar class category, the Dargin languages, the Caucasian languages, grammatical class indicator

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.8.37322

Abstract: The article discusses the main issues related to the history of phrasal verbs. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of phrasal verbs used in economic discourse from the point of view of their communicative function and the peculiarities of their interpretation for a foreign-language audience. The article provides examples of the use of phrasal verbs in economic discourse, using the example of various journals devoted to economics. In the process of analyzing phrasal verbs, the author makes it clear that because of their characteristic expressiveness, emotional coloring and informativeness, phrasal verbs began to be used in various fields of scientific and professional discourse. The novelty of this study is due to the wide spread of phrasal verbs both in oral and written speech, which necessitates their deeper study for effective use in the course of intercultural communication. In addition, insufficient knowledge of the peculiarities of their use and functioning in English can cause errors not only for a beginner, but also for a language learner for a long time. Phrasal verbs can make it difficult or distort the understanding of the meaning not only of a single sentence, but also of the text as a whole when foreigners perceive English.

Keywords: functioning, vocabulary, stylistics, semantics, morphology, phraseology, economic discourse, phrasal verbs, stable phrases, communicative function

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.31387

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of color concept, which is one of unique phenomena of Even language. Color reflects the fundamental spiritual value, which is based on the cultural-ethnic worldview of one of the ancient nations the North – Lamuts. The Lamuts are nomadic people. The entire lifestyle of a northerner is inseparably connected with nature; thus, color represents one of the key fragments of the linguistic worldviews that create a certain visual image. The subject of this research is the semantics of linguistic unites that define color concepts in the Even linguistic worldview. The theoretical analysis of the works on linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics, ethnography and linguistics became the method for this study. The author applies the methodological principle of systemic analysis of the elements of Lamut culture. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the concept of “color” as an elements of ethnic worldview demonstrated on the material of Even language has not been comprehensively studied before. The article is first to present new material on the topic in question the concept of color in Even folklore, meaning of color in deer farming culture of Lamuts, symbolism of color in Even traditional garments. Color, as a component of ethnic worldview, requires future examination.

Keywords: belief, color of deer, symbol, worldview, white deer, color designation, Evens, associated, mentality, ornament

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.1.34858

Abstract: This article discusses the meaning of the important to any culture concept of “success”. Etymology of the lexeme “success” in Russian and English languages and its lexical meaning according to most reputable Russian and English explanatory dictionaries are analyzed. Based on the conducted analysis, the authors outline the common meanings, such as achievement and implementation of the set goal, ability to achieve successful results, certain career achievements. The article provides the results of survey carried out by private Strayer University, USA, according to which success is the realization of personal potential, good relationships, happiness, aspirations and achievement of the set goals. In order to compare the attitude towards success in the Russian Federation and the United States, polling was conducted in the universities of Moscow Region (Academy of Social Management, Moscow Region State University), which revealed that 15% of respondents believe that success is good relationships and happiness. Despite the detected differences, the authors conclude that the concept of “success” has a broader meaning than just financial wealth, luck and power, and thus, support the researchers from Strayer University in amending the dictionary entry on the concept of “success” not only in English, but in Russian language as well.

Keywords: MGOU, ASOU, luck, Strayer University, happiness, achievement of the goals, English language, Russian language, success, concept

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.4.35426

Abstract: This article is structured on the intersection of two paradigms, namely, two basic ideas – linguoecology and optimal teaching of Russian as a foreign language, which is dictated by the peculiarities of communicative and speech situation in Russia of the XXI century, a fundamental change in the category of normativity and expansion of the boundaries of usage, which actively includes all elements of the substandard. Thus, the development of lexical competence among foreign students becomes a pressing issue. The methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language advances by deepening links with linguistics, at the current stage – with such important area of linguistic science as linguoecology. Over the past decade, linguistic ecology turned into an independent branch and clearly formulated its difference from cognate disciplines, such as rhetoric, stylistics, and speech culture. If the category of norm revolves around the concepts of “appropriate” / “inappropriate”, the ecology of language, or ecological linguistics, is concerned with the question of usefulness or harmfulness of a particular phenomenon for the language, its development and prosperity, in other words, its “eco-friendliness”. Considering the fact that this direction is a new direction in linguistics, and even its basic terminology is yet to be established: the terms ecological linguistics, language ecology, linguoecology, and ecolinguistics are used in a close sense. However, the sphere of interests of the new direction is clearly outlines: on the global scale, this is the problem of endangered languages and cultures of indigenous small-numbered peoples, and within the framework of a living functioning language, these processes are destructive specifically for it.

Keywords: irregularity, corresponding to norm, teaching Russian as a foreign language, speech competence, ecology of the language, linguoecology, substandard lexis, borrowings, communicative situation, linguistic

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2017.3.23921

Abstract: The process of conceptualization of the world is one of the promising directions in modern linguistics and its study objectifies a new understanding of words, linguo-cultural concepts. The identification of the specificity of the concept of nobility is of undoubted interest in the national consciousness of the British, age-old traditions and freedom, dignity and courage, the beauty and nobility of which determine the components of a truly English mentality. The material of the study is the English phrases, aphorisms and quotations selected by the method of continuous sampling from English phraseological dictionaries and dictionaries of quotations, which allow interpreting the studied concept. Appeal to the phraseological and aphoristic funds of the English language objectifies the reflection of the components of the concept in all kinds of texts of the English linguo-culture, except proverbs and sayings. Representation of the concept in the phraseological system of language determines its significance for English society and points to the duality of the notion of nobility.

Keywords: specificity, quotations, aphorisms, phrases, word-building, phraseological system of language, concept, linguo-cultural concept, actualization of concept, nobility

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32377

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the examination of euphemisms in the various-system languages – English and Buryat that contain view of the world by a human, and the ways of their conceptualization. Euphemisms remain insufficiently studied. Whereupon, examination of linguistic expression of the key concepts of culture is among the paramount programs of modern linguistics, need for the linguoculturological approach towards analysis of euphemisms in the languages, viewing it in light of the current sociocultural transformations, which are refer to euphemisms and values reflected by them. The subject of this research is the euphemisms in the English and Buryat languages, representing the semiosphere “corporeal and spiritual”. The scientific novelty consists in introduction of the previously unexamined euphemism in Buryat language that comprise semiosphere “corporeal and spiritual” into the scientific discourse. The analysis of language material testifies to the fact that in various cultures the topic of intimacy and sex is euphemized differently. The lexis indicating the intimate parts of the body is vividly presented in the West, while in Buryat language – rather reserved. The author also determines the common, universal, and nationally marked components elucidating the linguistic worldview of different ethnoses and cultures.

Keywords: universals, semantics, concept, substitute, picture of the world, metonymy, personification, metaphor, euphemism, natinal-marked vocabulary

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.2.29421

Abstract: The subject of the article is emotional utterances in literary texts. The research is aimed at revealing and studying the pragmatic potential of such utterances. Pragmatic potential is defined as additional information that needs to be decoded. A literary text has been chosen as the source of emotional utterances because it creates the circumstances for the fullest functional manifestation of their pragmatic potential. The author studies in depth such linguistic means of expressing emotions as nomination, description, tropes and figures of speech. Research methods include definition, semantic and pragmatic analyses of linguistic means of expressing emotions, selected by the continuous sampling method. The processing of the factual material has been also performed by the method of contextual determination. The novelty of the paper is proven by the combined approach to the analysis of emotional utterances and by revealing hidden meanings of both expressed and implied emotions. The analysis has shown that emotional utterances help to better understand the speaker’s illocution, and that the intensity of illocution is influenced by the choice of linguistic means. The expression or implication of emotions intensifies the speaker’s intention and creates a stronger pragmatic effect. Furthermore, it has been revealed that emotional utterances may perform several illocutionary acts, but it is the context that uncovers true intention.

Keywords: seme, literary text, illocution, speech act, pragmatic potential, pragmatics, emotivity, emotional utterance, emotion, appraisal

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.6.34298

Abstract: This article is analyzes the development stages of anthroponymic formula in the Japanese language, considers the factors that prompted change in its structure and conceptual framework of the anthroponyms, mostly family names. The subject of this research is the nominations included in the anthroponymic formula at certain stages of its formation. On the example of Japanese language, the author aims to establish correlation between social development and changes in the composition of anthroponymic formula, as well as determine the conceptual framework of structural components of this formula. The article delineates the terms used to nominate a person in the Japanese linguoculture, namely: 氏 /uji/, 姓 /kabane/, 名字/ meji/. For achieving the set goal, the article employs conceptual, descriptive, and analytical methods of research. The novelty of this work consists in the fact that the Japanese anthroponymic formula has not previously become the object of research among the Russian linguists; therefore, the acquired results are published for the first time. The author determines the four stages of the development of Japanese anthroponymic formula, as well as cognitive processes that underlie the conceptual framework of these nominations. The theoretical and practical relevance of this topic is defined by the fact that the processes of nomination in any language resemble the unique national psychology of certain representatives of linguocultural community; following these processes is essential to describe their conceptual and linguistic worldview, as well as substantiate complex interaction between them.

Keywords: first name, surname, Japan, the Japanese language, conceptual basis, nomination, anthroponymic formula, clan name, title, rank

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2023.4.40603

Abstract: The purpose of the article is to identify and establish common and distinctive central features of the concept of Male fidelity based on the material of German and Russian literary texts of the first half of the twentieth century. The object of the study are lexemes representing the value representation of the linguistic and cultural concept of Male fidelity in the Russian and German languages. The subject of the proposed research is the lexical and semantic explication of the conceptual component of the concept of Male fidelity in German and Russian literary texts, the direction of realism in the first half of the twentieth century. The study used such methods as: definitional analysis, component analysis, comparative method, as well as the reception of quantitative calculations. In the work, as a scientific novelty, it is proposed to study for the first time the verbalization of the conceptual component of the concept of Male fidelity on the material of literary texts in a comparative aspect. The analysis allows us to conclude that the conceptual component of the concept can be verbally represented in the form of specific central features of the concept under study. Also, as a result of the conducted research, the presence of one common central feature of the concept of Male fidelity was established, namely: loyalty to the profession. However, there are also distinctive signs. In German art texts – constancy in the chosen style of clothing, and in Russian art texts - devotion to their ideas, constancy in the noble behavior of men, practicality as a manifestation of the constancy of a man's behavior.

Keywords: comparative typology, verbalization, synonym, concept center, literary text, Russian, German language, the concept of loyalty, token, analysis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.3.32614

Abstract: The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the need to objectivize the results of analysis of transposition mechanism of modalation of verbs in finite and attributive forms using quantitative methods of material processing. The goal of this article is to examine the levels of correspondence of differential signs of infinite forms of verbs in the zone of hybrid structures to the signs of nuclear representatives of the initial and final elements of inter-categorical introductory-modal transposition. The subject of this research became the infinitive-modal structures in transitive sentences that combine the attributes of conjunctionless complex sentences and simple expanded sentence (with unattached introductory-modal component). On the example of word form, the author demonstrates the combinatorial structure and proportion of attributes of verbs and introductory-modal units interacting with each other within the hybrid structure. The conducted research illustrates that the level of modalation of hybrids is determined by the proportion of differential properties of nuclear infinitive and nuclear introductory-modal words. It is established that in transitive structure, which balance on the border of conjunctionless complex and simple expanded sentence, hybrids of the type “to know” show 68% of correspondence to nuclear infinitives (“know”) and 45% of correspondence to introductory-modal words (“must be”). In syntactic constructs with such hybrid the external syntactic position of modus framework of conjunctionless complex is combined with internal syntactic position of introductory-modal component of the expression.

Keywords: infinitive, transition scale, modalation, transposition, grammar, Russian language, introductory modal word, hybrid, indexation, step

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.1.31362

Abstract: This article explores the translation of legal texts, as it is usually fraught with a variety of challenges of linguistic and extralinguistic nature. The translator must have a strong command of linguistics, translation skills and profound knowledge of national and international criminal-procedural of civil-procedural law. Focus is made on the one hand on determination of typology of general linguistic and translation problems pertaining to legal documents, and on the other – on identification of peculiarities of these problems depending on qualification of a specialist doing legal translation. The main characteristics of legal texts are viewed from the perspective of applied comparative legal science. Interdisciplinary approach towards research in the area of legal translation is a logical solution for the analysis of emerging problems. The article demonstrates some mistakes in translation of legal terms on the example of English, Polish, and Italian languages. The author comes to the conclusion that for a translator without the background of legal practice it is difficult to do the translation of legal texts; as well as submits a proposal on comprising methodological recommendations.

Keywords: legal system, translator, Italian, Polish, English, legal text, legal terms, legal translation, legalese, equivalence

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32364

Abstract: The category of “death” is based on the concept antipodal to the category of “life”. Death marks the end of life; its semantic dominant is the notion of the “absence of being” of a human. Meanwhile, “death” is a socially formed category, and the stance on this phenomenon is developed under the influence of a range of factors – literature, art, religious doctrines, cultural rituals, and burial traditions. There exists an opinion on the intuitive and explicable commonness of views of the cultures of different nations and religious representations with regards to “remembrance of the dead and veneration of their souls”. The concept of “death” as one of the basic meanings of human being, can be ranked among universal, holding a special place within the linguistic view of the world. Perhaps this explains the interest of the researchers to this concept. The subject of this article is the euphemisms of the English, German, Russian and Buryat languages that form semantic space of the concept of “death”. The scientific novelty lies in introduction into the scientific discourse of the previously unstudied euphemisms of Buryat language representing the concept of “death”; as well as determination of the universal in English, German and Russian languages nationally marked components reflecting the linguistic view of the world by various ethnoses and cultures.

Keywords: substitute, universals, personification, metonymy, metaphor, picture of the world, euphemism, concept, national-marked vocabulary, mentality

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.4.30695

Abstract: The subject of this research is intra-linguistic factors that effect the intensity of influence of a political discourse expressed by public speeches in different languages. The aim of the research is to find the relationship between the level of metaphoricity of texts in Chinese, Korean, English and Russian languages and their classification features. The research material includes speech messages of the same genre, time of creation and addressee such as public speeches made by the leaders of the Russian Federation, Peoiple's Republic of China, Great Britain and Republic of Korea over the last three years (2016-2019). The reserach methods include selection of the material, analysis of the main features of languages under research, discovery of metaphors in speeches made by the countries' leaders and calculation of metaphor power index. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that Chinese texts have the hightest level of metaphoricity, maximum isolation and least synthetism while Russian texts have the least level of isolation and highest level of synthetism and the lowest level of metaphoricity. Languages of isolated type are limited in their syntactic transformations, this is why effect made at the level of a lexical metaphor is the most accessible language means.

Keywords: agglutination, synthetism, persuasion, isolating language, typology, metaphor, political discourse, analytism, Korean, Chinese

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.1.69637

Abstract: The object of the study is fragments of lay discourse about artificial intelligence and new technologies that express antipathy. The subject of the study is evaluative and emotional judgments about technologies and forms of their linguistic objectification, rooted in the discourse as a product of linguaculture. The authors consider the issue of pessimistic perception of technological progress in Western society. A productive way to study this issue is the stereotype as a cognitive-linguistic phenomenon. It was accepted that stereotypes play a special role in representing general features of national, social and other human character traits. The authors conclude that one of the main functions of the stereotype is its orienting function, which has influence on the components of the human being’s personality. The authors used such scientific methods as: introspection, comparison, analysis of dictionary definitions, descriptive-interpretative method, interpretation of discourse. This methods, in combination with text markup techniques, made it possible to identify fragments of discourse that were significant for analysis. The research was based on the English language texts from The Guardian and The New York Times news aggregators, on materials from MIT Technology Review and Neuroscience News magazines. The authors conclude that technogenic stereotypes in English discourse have a mythological basis in the form of religious motives and specific linguacultural images. This contrasts with the rational-critical view of information technology innovation. Intermediate findings include the conclusion about the role of media, social networks, which are the key actor of the discourse of hype about technological expansion. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that a new area of public discussion has been allocated, which is considered in the light of data on the orienting function of the stereotype, which requires academic reflection by specialists from different fields.

Keywords: linguoculture, religion, robots, artificial intelligence, mythological thinking, discourse, technophobia, technogenic stereotype, stereotype, critical thinking

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32399

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the explication of key meanings in the ekphrastic novel by Oscar Wilde “Picture of Dorian Gray” through the prism of emotional state and attitude of the protagonist in the situation of perception of his own portrait. Structured by antithetic principles novel is based on the semantic dominant of wonderful / disgraceful. The wonderful implies beauty and youth of Dorian and is opposed to his soul and morality, experiencing fatal transformations associated with the moral decay of personality. Thus, the object of research becomes the semantic dominant of wonderful / disgraceful alongside additional key meanings (semantic antinomies) it is based upon. The subject of research is the linguistic markers of focalization of key essences in the portrait ekphrasis, which resemble the character’s evaluation and comprehension of such categories as wonderful / disgraceful, beauty / ugliness, youth / old age, etc. Focalization is viewed as one of the cognitive mechanisms of ekphrasis, which emphasizes most significant from the character’s perspective information that translates his subjective, emotionally colored attitude to the object of perception. Determination of the key meanings is achieved through accumulation of linguistic means, namely lexical-semantic markers and markers of nonverbal communication code. Such means enhance the expressiveness and focus attention of the audience on the sharp comparison of the concepts and images, highlighting the main motif, semantic dominant that serves as the foundation for the entire novel.

Keywords: conceptualization, evaluation, focusing, perception, emotionally-expressive function, the beautiful-the ugly, semantic antinomies, key meanings, semantic dominant, painting ekphrasis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.11.35366

Abstract: The subject of this research is the polemical linguistic question on the peculiarities of the semantics of proper name. The object of this research is the diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms, which function mainly in the colloquial discourse. Analysis is conducted on the semantic peculiarities of such diminutive forms as Paco, Pepe, Charo, Maruja from frequent Spanish anthroponyms, such as Francisco, José, Rosario, María. The analysis of practical material relies on the theoretical provisions and methods of empirical research of the Russian linguoculturologists and psycholinguists, as well as on the data of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, materials of explanatory dictionaries of the Spanish language, and publicistic texts. The conclusion is made that the colloquial discourse is the core area of verbalization of the diminutive. It is also revealed that the semantics of diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms contains additional connotative elements that covey unique ethno psycholinguistic information characteristic to a single linguistic consciousness. Namely the presence of culturally determined components of meaning substantiates the transition of diminutives to the category of appellatives. This article is first to analyze the semantics of diminutive forms of Spanish anthroponyms as separate proper names, as well as distinguish additional nuances of the meanings of these lexical unit, which defines the scientific novelty.

Keywords: Discourse, Culture, Apellative, Diminutive, Connotation, Proper name, Semantics, Onomastics, Meaning, Ethnopsycholinguistics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.29021

Abstract: The research is devoted to the main genres of business letter that are used at the initial stage of consummation of a deal, these are the advertising letter that promotes products on the market, commercial inquiry and commercial offer of goods or services. The author of the article describes communicative strategies of the aforesaid kinds of business letters aimed at achieving a certain pragmatic effect, i.e. certain communicative impact on a recipient. The author also defines the main intentions in business letters, these are the author's intention to transmit a subjective meaning that is represented by performatory predicates. Analysis of the most frequently used lexical units from the linguistic corpus of 150 non-commercial letters addressed to a foreign recipient allows to define most frequently used language formulas used by Chinese speakers in modern business practice. Strategies of business letters are aimed at achieving the best efficiency of communication which success is defined by the determination of a communicative goal in the shortest time possible (in order to encourage a recipient to act, i.e. provide necessary information, buy a product or use a service. The results of the research conform to the rules of foreign business correspondence with China.

Keywords: pragmatic impact, advertising, offer, inquiry, commercial letter, business letter, speech act, speech genre, communicative goals, intentions

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2021.5.35345

Abstract: The subject of this research is the word-forming structure of beekeeping terms in the Kumyk, Russian and English languages. The article describes the distinctive features of terminological word formation in the area of “beekeeping” in the aforementioned languages. For determining the type of word formation, the author uses the number and composition of the components. The similarities in common literary and terminological word formation are identified. It is demonstrated that in the corresponding terminology of the Kumyk language prevail the terminological phrases. The prevalence of phrases in the languages under reviews is explained by the fact that the term not only denotes the concept, but to a certain extent reflects to its content. This requires the creation of mainly terms-phrases that can reflect the characteristics of the concept to the fullest. On the other hand, the growing number of terminological phrases in the Kumyk language indicates that beekeeping terms in the Kumyk language are translated from the Russian language, therefore part of the terms first appear as a result of clarification of their meaning. Whole terms comprise approximately 30% of all terms of the corpus. These terms are naturally included in the terminological phrases as the nuclear words and defining in the terminological phrases. In beekeeping terminology of tge Kumyk and English languages, prevail N/R + N/R models, which the authors believe is a reflection of common literary word formation.

Keywords: complex term, simple term, term's structure, Turkic language, kumyk language, comparison of terms, beekeeping terms, word-formation model, derivative term, terminological phrase

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.1.69520

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of models of existential constructions in the Yakut language. It examines the causation model of the beginning of existence in accordance with the principles of functional and semantic analysis. The relevance of this article is due to modern approaches in the study of the Yakut language as a system represented by multi-level means of its expression. The sentence as the main syntactic unit is displayed in a model that "combines the invariants of the minimal structural schemes that ensure the completeness of the sentence, and the generalized propositions associated with them." The structural scheme of the causation model of the beginning of existence in the Yakut language consists of a subject, an object and a predicate of an existential type expressed by verbs of the initial phase of being, existence. The typical meaning of the model is "to give the beginning to any event, phenomenon, contribute to the appearance, emergence of someone or something." The basis of this study is a functional-semantic approach to the study of language phenomena, which assumes a holistic organization of universal semantic categories. The study uses the continuous sampling method in the formation of material from lexicographic sources, the modeling method, and the glossing method to represent illustrative material. The presentation of the causation model of the beginning of existence as a component of the functional and semantic field of being in the Yakut language is new. It is revealed that the subject and object of the considered model can be stated by a noun, a pronoun, denoting an animate or inanimate person. In accordance with the forms of the subject and object included in the structural composition of the specified model, variants of its structural type are determined. It is established that in this model, such verbs of being as tөrүtte ‛to found, create something; to start something, olohtoo ‛ to inhabit, settle, infuse; can be used as a predicate, to establish; justify’, saҕalaa‛to start any action; to begin’, tөrөt‛to give birth.

Keywords: construction, model, function, semantics, beingness, category, functional grammar, verb, means, Yakut language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.12.34620

Abstract: The subject of the study is the characteristics of verbs of movement in the German language. The aim of the work was to identify the features of German verbs of movement, implemented in forms expressing long-term action ("Verlaufsformen"). These forms were peculiar to colloquial speech, but now some of them are already used as a language norm. After determining the corpus of analyzed verbs, each verb of movement was analyzed according to three possible forms of long-term action recorded by the dictionary. The characteristics of the presence/absence of a direct complement, a reflexive particle in the verb were considered, the frequency of territorial use and the possibility of implementation in speech were analyzed. The research methods were the continuous sampling method, the comparative analysis method, the description method, and the statistical method. В The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive description of the features of the functioning of movement verbs in long-acting forms in modern German. As a result, it was found that most verbs are implemented in the same long-acting form, some verbs are used in several forms, but at the same time a priority form is noted, all verbs have a similar implementation according to other signs indicated in the study. The results obtained can be used in the development of materials for theoretical courses on German grammar, theory and practice of translation, interpretation of text in German, communication with native speakers.

Keywords: territory of use, direct addition, German language, long-term action, verbs of movement, substantive infinitive, long-acting forms, grammatical characteristics, colloquial speech, the norm of the language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.32499

Abstract: The subject of this research is the question of the name of God in biblical texts. From the linguistic perspective, the author reviews the religious doctrine of the banned in the Russian Federation pseudo-Christian organization Jehovah’s Witnesses, which speculative teaching has a destructive impact upon the society. This community endows a biblical name with exclusive meaning that is implicitly presented in Tetragrammaton (YHWH), and explicitly – in the medieval Masoretic version of vowel marking Jehovah (in fact, erroneous). Beyond the sectarian doctrine hides the polemical rhetoric, aimed at the names of Jesus Christ in the New Testament, since the proclamation of Jesus as Good (ὁ Κύριος)in the Greek Language, according to sectarian logic, is merely a titular nomination, relegating Christ Himself to the level of most venerated righteous men and prophets. The scientific novelty consists in the thesis that the principles of nomination of God in biblical texts are studied from the linguoculturological perspective. The conclusion is made that speculative teaching of pseudo-Christian religious organization is structured on the wittingly distorted and inaccurate interpretations of translation of the name of God. Philological research of the principles of nomination of God in biblical texts not only exacerbates the understanding of the religious doctrines belonging to the traditional Christian confessions, but also allows to critically assess the speculative teachings of pseudo-Christian organizations.

Keywords: classical languages, new Testament, old Testament, Jehovah's Witnesses, pseudo-Christianity, Christian onomatology, Tetragrammaton, name of God, languages of the Bible, linguistic hermeneutics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2022.6.38016

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze the degrees of adverbialization of the "winter" substantive formations in peripheral adverbs. The relevance of the work is due to the need to study peripheral zones in the grammatical structure of the Russian language, explicating syncretic language units at different stages of intercategory transposition. The novelty of the approach consists in using the methods of oppositional analysis and indexing the degrees of adverbialization of nouns, which made it possible to minimize the element of subjectivism in the evaluation of adverbializing word forms in typical contexts. General scientific and general linguistic, special methods of material analysis (comparison, generalization, descriptive method, elements of component, distributive and transformational analysis) are also used in this research. The focus is on word forms such as "in winter" demonstrates that different circumstances interacts differently with nouns and adverbs. The study of the degrees and limits of their functional adverbialization showed that in the structure of substantive adverbs like "in winter", signs of nouns and adverbs are synthesized in different proportions. It is established that as a result of the grammatical transposition into the class of temporal adverbs, the word form "in winter" reveals 4% correspondence of differential signs of the original noun "winter (winter)" and 78% compliance with the substantive adverb meaning of "sometimes". The zone of the periphery of adverbs serves as the limit of categorical transformation for the forms of the nouns "in winter", "in spring", "in summer", "in autumn", which do not violate the semantic identity of the original substantive lexemes. The results of the research can be used in the further development of the problem of transitivity and syncretism in the field of significant and official parts of speech, in the creation of a transpositional grammar of the Russian language and in lexicographic practice – when writing dictionaries of interparticle homonyms.

Keywords: the periphery zone, transition scale, adverb, noun, adverbialization, transposition, grammar, indexing, Russian, degree of compliance

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.11.32650

Abstract: This article is dedicated to analysis of the concept of Trade War in Chinese and American linguocultures. The initial position of the research is the thesis on unavoidable conceptualization of the objects and phenomena of the surrounding world in language, and possibility of their studying by means of conceptual analysis. The subject of this research is the specificity of representation of the concept of Trade War in media discourse in Chinese and English languages. Special attention is given to the semantic core of the concept and its speech representation in the news materials. The research methodology is based on a two-stage conceptual analysis. The first stage implies the analysis of core of the concept by means of definitional and etymological analysis of representative word; while the second stage marks quantitative and qualitative content analysis for determination of similarities and differences in peripheral meaning of the concept. The main theoretical conclusion consists in substantiation of using content analysis for determination of specificity of speech representation of media concepts. The practical result of this research lies in identification of significant differences in the concept under consideration in two linguistic cultures: Chinese media texts review Trade War primarily as a “struggle to gain economic profit”; and the US media view it as a “competition in trade industry”. The formulated conclusions largely correlate with the peculiarities of mentality of the residents of People’s Republic of China and the United States.

Keywords: US media, Chinese media, qualitative content analysis, mediaconcept, content analysis, conceptual analysis, media discourse,, trade war, comparative analysis, cognitive research

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.1.69680

Abstract: In post-crisis conditions, it becomes possible to assess the impact that the coronavirus pandemic has had on the vocabulary of the German language. A large number of English-language borrowings have penetrated into the German language, arousing the interest of linguists in the question of the influence of a new layer of vocabulary on the recipient language and becoming the subject of study by Russian and foreign linguists. For example, on the basis of research on neologisms of the Covid era, dictionaries and reference books of the vocabulary of the coronavirus era are being produced in various languages, including German. The subject of this study is English-language borrowings dedicated to Covid-19 in modern German online media (magazines, newspapers), and the aim is to identify the impact of the pandemic on enriching the vocabulary of the German language with English-language borrowings. Actual works (not older than five years) of Russian and foreign scientists in the fields of lexicology, lexicography, onomastics, and sociolinguistics became the methodological basis of the study. The analysis of the impact of the coronavirus on the process of assimilation of English-language borrowings in German is carried out on the basis of online media texts for the period February 2020 – October 2021, which makes the study innovative and reflects the trends of modern linguistic science. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the coronavirus pandemic had an impact on the German language; in most cases, the recipient language began to actively combine English-language components of words with native German words, thereby forming new hybrid lexical formations. The further perspective of the research lies in the field of comparing the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the lexical composition of the German and Russian languages and determining the role of English-language borrowings in the vocabulary of both German and Russian languages.

Keywords: vocabulary, neologism, anglicism, online-magazine, coronavirus, English, German, borrowing, pandemic, media

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.4.70570

Abstract: The paper aims at finding correlation between possessive postcopular anaphor in English existential there-sentences and its antecedent. English there-sentences provide a site for the phenomenon known as definiteness effect, one of the most controversial and still not fully resolved issues in linguistics today. The current state of this problem determines the relevance of this article. The subject of the study is the relationship of possessive post-сopular noun phrases and their antecedents. So, the features of the definiteness effect are studied in terms of anaphor - antecedent distance. The purpose of the work is to establish some possible patterns of mutual arrangement of these units. The corresponding tasks are the following: collecting data that satisfy the input conditions; identifying the antecedents of a possessive anaphor; establishing the distance between the anaphor and the antecedent. The British National Corpus is the source for the research material. The novelty of the study lies in the very formulation of the problem, which has not been previously raised in the scientific literature, as well as in the results obtained. The findings are the following: the authors have identified certain types of antecedents united in enlarged groups, namely, explicitly expressed antecedents and antecedents without verbal embodiment. The detected distance between antecedents and their possessive anaphors is fixed as minimal, within the framework of neighbouring sentences, in some cases tending to zero value. A correlation is found between the type of antecedent, its location and distance from the possessive anaphor. The authors assume that such distance may serve as an additional licensing stipulation ensuring the admission of possessive noun phrases to the postcopular position of English existential sentences.

Keywords: postcopular noun phrases, possessive noun phrases, existential sentences, antecedent, anaphor, definiteness, noun phrase, definiteness effect, determiners, referential choice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31180

Abstract: The subject of this research is the specificity of onomasticon of Krasnodar Krai in the 1940’s. The material became the 23,000 last names of the residents of four administrative-geographical objects located in the endpoints of the Krai with head up to interim cardinal points. The author calculated the correlation between the amount and parameters of anthroponomical units of onomasticons; selected and systematized from the perspective of volume, dissemination and semantic specificity of forming last names of first and second ranks (repeating first and second ten last names). Application of the method of antinomy allowed extending the research material due to Adyghe last names, adjust the representation of frequent last names of onomasticon of the Krai. Ethnic orientation of morphoderivational structure was defined with the help of ethnomarking affixes. The author revealed the indexes of Russian, Ukrainian and Armenian origin of the repeating last names. The specificity of onomasticon of the 1940’s manifests in polyethnicity and predominance of Adyghe last names in southwest of the Krai, presence of onyms of Urkanian origin, difference of repeating last names in particular districts. The records obtained by preceding researchers on the latitudinal dissemination of last names across Russia, acquire somewhat different view reflecting the specificity of settlement of Kuban.

Keywords: antinomy, surname, anthroponym, familiecon, ethno-marked affix, onomasticon, regional, Ukrainian, Adyghe surnames, Adyghe

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2024.3.70183

Abstract: The subject of the study is the texts of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries. The object of the research is the author's strategies, which are studied from the perspective of two modern areas of science: cognitive and pragmatic linguistics.The audience's reaction to the author's conviction is determined by the communicative factors of the impact of speech on the reader's consciousness and is determined by the vital connection of language and thinking. Therefore, the issues of speech impact (a pragmatic problem) and cognition in natural language (a problem of cognitive linguistics) should be considered in synthesis. This approach, according to the authors, makes it possible to study the subject side of the study most fully and achieve the goals set.The purpose of the study is to consider the possibility of classifying the speech units of texts of literary monuments of the XV – XVI centuries from the standpoint of the synthesis of cognitive and functional-pragmatic ways of studying the text.The tasks are to substantiate the possibility of synthesizing linguistic-cognitive and functional-pragmatic methods of studying author's strategies, as well as the classification of speech units of the text of monuments of the XIV – XVI centuries according to the author's strategies. The research methods are conceptual analysis and functional diagnostic method of pragmalinguistics. The ability to categorize concepts allows you to cluster them based on certain similarities and present them as units (clusters) based on the main feature. The functional nature of the choice of units acting as influencing tools that form the reader's attitude to the text, the author, the ideas of a particular author or a group as a whole. The novelty of this work lies in the possibility of combining the approaches of cognitive linguistics and functional pragmalinguistics to the study of author's strategies, which has not been widely practiced by researchers before. The achieved results allow us to conclude that this synthetic approach can be applied to research in the field of textual psychology, author's strategies, the author's speech image, and speech portraiture. The strategies identified in the texts act as clusters of concepts, which in turn constitute the main functional and pragmalinguistic tools that implement the author's intentions and ensure the perlocative effect of the text. The cognitive-pragmatic component of the author's impact strategies is structured mainly around the ideological and religious struggle. In second place are public– and private-business relations, which often mix into a single conceptual and pragmatic space.

Keywords: medieval literature, author's intentions, perlocative effect, speech units, speech portrait, Cognitive linguistics, ancient Russian texts, concept analysis, author's strategy, functional pragmalinguistics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.26931

Abstract: In her research Varfolomeeva offers a semantic classification of verb predicates used in colloquial description. The object of the research is descriptive texts that can be heard in colloquial speech. Taking into account the fact that a descriptive text is a priori designated to verbalize the space, verb predicates that constitute the 'constant' of the descriptive structural-semantic model verbalize spatial parameters. The subject of the research is the semantics of verbal prediates that express the locative semantics in a description. Analysis of semantics of verb predicates used in colloquial description implies their classification. The researcher offers her own classification of lexical-semantic groups depending on an identifying seme and differentiating semes. The researcher analyzes the material from the point of view of synchrony. One of the main research methods used by the author is the semantic-contextual method that is based on the analysis of semantic particularities of verb predicates in terms of colloquial description. In addition, the author also applies the quantitative analysis method that implies calculation of productivity of using lexical-semantic groups of verb predicates in colloquial descriptions. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the researcher refers to description in general because earlier researches focused on analyzing literary and academic texts. Colloquial description may use two groups of verb predicates that define the spatial location of objects: 1. Predicates that define spatial parameters of an item in relation to another item (geometrical arrangement, position, coverage of an object, space filling, space boundaries, directions, spatial relation between objects); and units that define spatial characteristics of an object (shape of an object, characteristics of flat surface, position of objects within pace; and 2. verb predicates that describe an observer's spatial features (based on light/color characteristics).

Keywords: lexic-semantic variant, lexic-semantic group, semantic classification, verb predicate, colloquial description, productivity, text of descriptive type, colloquial speech, space in language, semantics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.27820

Abstract: The article is devoted to the phenomenon of substitution of terminological units based on the case study of nanotechnological terms in modern English and Spanish languages. The authors have chosen to study this topic as a result of a growing role of nanotechnology and a need in an adequate terminological layer and linguistic research. In the course of their research the authors analyze whether it is possible to present a specialized nanotechnological term both by terminological and common means, i.e. substitute terms in texts and discourses. The research is based on English and Spanish nanotechnological terms (2000 lexical units, 1000 lexical unit per each language). The terms were selected from nanotechnological research articles, journals, books, and Internet resources using the continuous sampling method and so were 1000 discursive fragments where selected terms had been used. The research methodology included the continuous sampling method that was used to select terminological units and discursive fragments, methods of discursive, contextual and content analysis, methods of component and definition analysis that allowed to anayze the phenomenon of the substitution of terminological units in texts and discourses. The authors conclude that in nanotechnology terms are substituted mainly on the terminological basis, i.e. terms are replaced by similar terms with a different morphological-syntactic structure or, more rarely, semantics. Within the framework of the analysis of English and Spanish nanotechnological terms, the authors define particular types of term substitution, formal-semantic and formal, the latter with the prevailing number of structural, morphological-syntactic, syntactic and hyper-hypernomic substitutes. They also define key reasons of the substitution of terms in texts and discourses.

Keywords: substitution, terminological system, teminology, terminological unit, discourse, nanotechnologies, referent sphere, text, morphological-syntactic structure, replacement

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.2.29733

Abstract: The subject of the study is the lexical layer of the modern Chinese language. The object of the study is lexical gaps - words realities, denoting objects and phenomena of material and spiritual culture, specific to Chinese people and nonexistent in the Russian language. The aim of the study is to highlight the questions of ways of overcoming the difficulties in translation these lexical units from Chinese to Russian. Authors examine the definitions of the multivalued term "translation', indicators of adequate translation, and also a classification of words realities and ways of transferring their meanings in the target language. The study was based on the method of continuous sampling of language material from lexicographical sources, descriptive and comparative methods. Examples of words realities in the Chinese language with translation into Russian are presented. The peculiarities of translation of the exoticism from the Chinese language to Russian are revealed. The results of this research can be used in the study of the vocabulary of the modern Chinese language, in the practice of its teaching, as well as in the preparation of textbooks.

Keywords: lexical semantic substitutions, tracing, transcription, word reality, language unit, adequacy, equivalent, translation theory, Chinese, descriptive translation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.27677

Abstract: The process of structuring scientific knowledge of a particular domain in the form of a system with a relevant data base based on terminological networks implies normalization of relations between database elements, i.e. elements of terminological networks. In order to create a universal terminological network for the terms of one category, the author of the article has analyzed systemic features of the following nanotechnologist terms: nanofibre, nanowhisker, nanofilm, quantum dot, and nanowire that are attributable to the Instrument category. At the first stage of the research the author has used the analysis of definitions and research extracts which has allowed to define a corpus of complementary terms and types of systemic relations between those that create the basis for prototypical models of knowledge organization. Within the framework of the research, universal (prototypical) relations of the Instrument terms mean subsumption relations to other objects of the natural environment and objects of artificial origin, the presence of species and related objects, the possession of characteristics and the presence of components, variety of processes used to create artificial objects and their application as components of complex mechanisms. At the end of the research the author provides a fragment of the terminological network of the Instrument category that demonstrates discovered prototypical models of the relations between terms which can be extended and amended in the course of further research.

Keywords: systemacity, terminological network, prototypical model, system relation, category, concept, term, scientific knowledge, data-base, expert system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.29271

Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the process of integration of English borrowings into the modern French language from the point of view of morphology. The rationale of the topic is caused by the fact that globalization processes all over the world popularize the English language and, as a consequence, bring a lot of English borrowings into other languages. The subject of the research is the English borrowings in terms of their integration into the modern French language, the author of the article focusing on the main means of their morphological adaptation. The research is based on the lexigographical, descriptive and comparative methods as well as methods of cognitive and morphological analysis and the continuous sampling method. The analysis of English borrowings in modern French has allowed to describe and analyse the main areas of their morphological adaptation to the recipient language. The morphological criterion (as well as lexical-semantic) is the dominating criterion for stating the fact of an English borrowing acquiring the status of the linguistic system of modern French.

Keywords: Morphological Adaptation of Borrowings, English Language, French Language, Franglais, Franglish, Anglicisms, English Borrowings, Globalization Process, Morphology, Integration of Foreign Borrowings

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.27960

Abstract: The subject of this research is the sociophonetic and phonostystic aspects of allophonic variation of the alveolar occlusive-plosive phoneme [t] in the English language, in particular, British standard pronunciation. The researcher focuses on the patterns of the allphonic variation in the situation-and-stylistic continuum based on the analysis of the authentic speech of telecinematic discourse participants in the Great Britain. Onischenko presents and analyzes statistical data about the share of [t] phoneme variants depending on different kinds of communicative situations within telecinematic discourse as well as depending on gender and age of speakers. To analyze the corpus of data, the author has used auditive, auditor and electric audibility methods. To process quantitative data, the author has used statistical analysis methods. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the researcher discovers patterns of allophonic variations of the alveolar occlusive-plosive phoneme [t] in different phonostylistic registers of a British standard pronunciation of mass media such as television and cinematography. The results of the research demonstrate that the greater variability of the alveolar occlusive-plosive phoneme [t] (in particular, the substitution of [t] with [Ɂ] and [Ø] allophones) can be found in texts of a lesser formal content. Moreover, the author also discovers partial inverse relation between the glottal stop [Ɂ] and elysium [Ø]. The research data can be used to develop practical recommendations for those who study the English language, in particular, students who want to learn a British standard pronunciation.

Keywords: language innovations, allophonic variation, distribution of variables, social salience, glottal stop, phonostylistics, telecinematic discourse, communicative situation, British standard pronunciation, standard language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.27208

Abstract: Modern researches demonstrate that synchronous computer mediated communication has specific features such as physical absense of communication partners and consequently the absense of traditional communication barriers as a result of personality traits of interlocutors and the influence of various psychological factors. The object of the resaerch is synchronous computer mediated communication and the subject of the research is the vocabulary created in the process of such communication. Internet is a unique platform for researches because it has both writing and verbal dialects. The aim of the research is to analyze modern slang units created in the process of synchronous computer mediated communication. The research material includes log files of twitch.tv chats that imply synchronous communication. The authro analyzes three extracts, each containing 1000 - 1200 messages. Synchronous communication means provide the best opportunity to create not only one's own language image on the Internet but also to create one's own world that can be described using a specific discourse. This is a discourse of a special type and each user combines the language representation of his or her own individuality with verbal parameters set by the discourse.

Keywords: communicative features, internet communication, slang, communication, vocabulary, computer mediated communication, verbal culture, communication tools, synchronous communication, internet

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2013.2.62896

Abstract: Today’s theory starts to question the paradigm role of language in modeling of the world. Why does it happen and where does it take us? In order to answer these questions, we need to renew all our views on the history of language. The author of the article defines the stages of language development, from speech/writing to printing/text and finally, the death of language and/or human in writing/calculation. The latter is a true catastrophe for the language because it is a refuse to use the language to convey the meaning and a transition to digital ontology. Grammatology messages about a shift from human consciousness to artificial intellect. The world is entering the epoch of trans-modern. In order to preserve human reality, we need to protect the language and shift to the philosophy of opposition.

Keywords: philology, language, word, human, print, text, letter, grammatology, calculation, communication, digitalism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.2.19653

Abstract: The subject of the present research is the myth structure. Modernist writers made an existential return to mythological sources, origins of human culture and precedent texts of Scriptures conveying the words of God (Logos) through human language. Thus, myth is understood as the synthesis of Logos and human language that can be found in Scriptures and Legends. The fact that humans keep returning to myths proves that myths are long lived. In a literary work myth acquires a new look and the myth structure is embeded in the text structure. Being an interpretation method, Hermeneutics views text as an impression of an event and interprets parts as being equal to the whole, thus trying to focus on the integral structure of an event described in a text. Hermeneutic analysis starts with analyzing particular language structures and leads us to understanding spiritual meanings. The main conclusion of the research is the statement that myth is a two-level system with two types of relations, paradigmatic and syntagmatic, between structural elements of a literary text. The myth scheme captures a participant of a mythological event, thus leaving only an illusion of freedom while bending to its will and truth.

Keywords: myth, index, syntagmatic level, paradigmatic level, Hermeneutics, logos, mythology, modernism, synthesis, myth structure

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.2.68040

Keywords: myth, index, syntagmatic level, paradigmatic level, Hermeneutics, logos, mythology, modernism, synthesis, myth structure

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.26998

Abstract: The article is devoted to the linguocultural interpretation of values and value concept from the point of view of the value-concept paradigm. The author of the article analyzes the terms 'value-concept paradigm' and 'value hyperconcept'. Sevastyanova analyzes the FAMILY hyper concept as a generating value concept and the basis for the FAMILY value-concept paradigm, and studies the concepts that generate therefrom, too. The emphasis is made on the analysis of a language representation of the FAMILY value hyperconcept in the political discourse based on the analysis of speeches that had been made by the USA political leaders since 2008 till 2009. In her research Sevastyanova uses such research methods as definition, semantic and pragmatic analysis, linguistic description, linguocultural analysis, and elements of discourse analysis. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that value-cocnept paradigm, hyper concept and generated concept are understudied terms in the academic literature. The FAMILY concept is viewed as a hyper concept that make the basis for the value-concept paradigm for the first time in the research literature.

Keywords: worldview, axiology, discourse, political discourse, value, concept, language and cultural studies, antopocentric paradigm, value-concept paradigm, hyperconcept

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.28167

Abstract: This article examines the problem of media ecology in entertaining online groups of the city of Cherepovets. The subject of this research is the code-switching in Internet memes. The object of this research is the Internet memes as a relevant web genre. The research material consists of 729 Internet memes, 102 of which are presented by code-switching from the texts of Internet memes collected via the method of continuous sampling over the period from December 2018 until August 2018. The article includes a brief theoretical review of the following fundamental terms: Internet memes, ecolinguistics, and analysis of the Internet meme texts from ecolinguistic perspective. Methodology is based on the quantitative and structural analysis of code-switching for determining the instances of its ecological and non-ecological use in the Internet meme texts. The scientific novelty consists in examination of code-switching of the Internet communication within the framework of ecolinguistic approach. The author detected the instances of ecological use of foreign-language elements in the entertaining online groups of Cherepovets, which is confirmed by the rare application of code-switching and absence of adaptation (translation and explanation). At the same time, the prevalent use of Latin alphabet complicates the understanding of media text and manifests as a non-ecological use of code-switching. The research material may be valuable in teaching foreign languages in the universities, as well as such disciplines as stylistics, bilinguology, and ecolinguistics.

Keywords: interaction of languages, media text, Internet meme, entertaining groups, Internet communication, Internet, code switches, foreign-language units, ecolinguistics, ecology of code switches

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.28126

Abstract: Based on the analysis of L. Petrushevskaya's creative writing, Kletskaya examines the grammar status of incorporated direct speech, a special kind of presentation of someone else's speech when a hero's remark is transmitted through the author's speech using an asyndeton. Quite often incorporated direct speech is not marked with punctuation marks and is never accompanied with an introduction remark of an author. This makes a hero's remark to look as an element of an object-and-event narration. Incorporated speech is one of the most interesting speech techniques used by L. Petrushevskaya in her prose. In the process of her research Kletskaya applies such methods as observation, induction and deduction, description, taxonomic description and opposition analysis. Incorporated direct speech is close to direct speech and opposes to indirect and improperly direct speech, first of all, because it does not look as a special syntax construction, and, secondly, because of its expressivity. All these facts altogether allow to make a statement that incorporated direct speech is a special syntactic phenomenon which cannot be identified with any form of someone else's speech communication described by modern linguistic studies.

Keywords: syntax, unionless offer, expressive syntax, author's speech, character speech, improperly direct speech, direct speech, someone else's speech, sintax fenomena, speech plans

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31381

Abstract: This article explores the phraseological units with the elements – cosmonyms that have anthropocentric characteristics in the English language. Within the framework of the research, the author selected 49 phraseologisms with the elements – cosmonyms resolved into semantic components. Phraseological units of the English and French language with the elements-cosmonyms that have anthropocentric characteristics serve as the object for this research. The subject is the semantic specificities of these phraseological units. The selected phraseological units carry the characteristics of a person and their activity. The goal lies in the analysis of the English and French phraseological units with the elements – cosmonyms. The works aims to determine the use of cognitive approach indicating the orientation of language towards the description of a person and their activity. The following methods were used in the course of research: continuous sampling from phraseological dictionaries; analysis and synthesis in revealing the semantic peculiarities of phraseological units; classification for arranging the analyzed idioms in due sequence; quantitative method for comparing quantitative data and processing the results of sampling from English dictionaries; observation and generalization. The author suggests the ideographic classification of the selected phraseological; units; analyzes the semantics of phraseological units of the English language with the elements – cosmonyms. Practical relevance consists in the fact that the research result give a systemic representation on the use of phraseological units with the elements – cosmonyms for describing the person’s character in English.

Keywords: semantics, semantic field, english phraseology, anthropocentric characteristic, cosonyms, ideographic classification, phraseological units, value, human characteristics, continuous sampling method

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.29055

Abstract: The object of the research is the texts of Anglo Saxon and Russian charms that have one common feature. This feature is the organized word formulas that imply the use of certain verb forms, the latter being the subject of the research. Considering that the structure of charms includes directions, pleas and orders, charms are usually created as imperative mood verbs and charm links are spoken as subjunctive mood verbs. Ancient English of Anglo Saxon charms had its own distinguished features, in particular, the use of verb forms. The peculiarity of the subject has determined the choice of the descriptive method for the analysis including observation, interpretation and generalisation. Based on the comparative analysis of texts, the author of the article has defined similar feature s in the use of verb forms of imperative and subjunctive mood, differences in the future time forms as well as the use of verb forms of perfect and imperfect type in relation to the differences in the system of verb forms of the ancient English and Russian languages.

Keywords: subjunctive mood, imperative mood, modality, verb forms, charm's patterns, folklore, Russian charms, Anglo Saxon charms, category of aspect, magic genre

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.2.26012

Abstract: The research deals with the peculiarities of the use of full-fledged verbs (without taking into account verbal forms - participles and adverbs) and nouns in the annual large press conferences of Vladimir Putin for the media in 2013, 2015. One of the aims of the study was to determine the frequency characteristics of the use of verbs and nouns in the speeches of the President. The second aim was to compare the obtained characteristics by year, as well as with the established frequency norms of the Russian language. The third aim was to identify the current spiritual orientations of the President and trends of their development. For technical text processing free program RapidMiner and MicrosoftExcel were used. In our work, we used the method of content analysis, including statistical and semantic text processing. The most frequent verbs and nouns in the speeches of the President were determined. They were compared to the years and the established frequency norms of the Russian language. With the help of the content analysis method, the actual value orientations of the President were revealed, which did not contradict the trends of development of political and economic situations in the country and the world. The approach described in the paper can be applied to the study of the speech of other politicians.

Keywords: study of speech, press conference, content analysis, Putin, President, public speeches, noun, verb, cultural treasure, spiritual orientation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.6.31590

Abstract: The subject of the research is the study of main derivational models of genetics and genetic engineering terms in the English, Spanish and Russian languages. The object of the study are the terminological units, selected in a total of about six thousand units. In the course of the work, the authors examine in detail the origin of some genetic terms, as well as their key structural and word-formative features. The main frequently and occasionally used models of term formation are revealed. The research methodology includes the methods of continuous selection, of comparative analysis, of reconstruction of the structural-derivational models in the English, Spanish and Russian languages, of component and definitional analysis, of etymological analysis, of quantitative and statistical analysis. The main conclusion of the study consists in the quantitative predominance of multicomponent genetic terms formed by syntactic models. Frequently used syntactic models are represented by various combinations of Nouns, Adjectives and Nouns, with the use of Prepositions, occasionally used models include Participles, Adverbs, etc. Morphological models are represented by suffixation and prefixation. Compounding, abbreviation and conversion are distinguished among the frequently used morphological-syntactic models. The derivational models may coincide or be different in the languages in question. The authors’ special contribution is the identification of these differences based on terminological materials of genetics and genetic engineering.

Keywords: derivation, model, genetic engineering, genetics, terminological system, terminology, terminological unit, referent sphere, word-formative model, scientific sphere

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.29114

Abstract: The subject of the research is the vocabulary with the semantic component 'land', basic tokens of which is the ancient English eorþe and the following semantic units composing the semantic field land, eorþe, folde, turf, grund, æcer and others. The process of the development of the term reflects perception and organisation of the surrounding world in human's mind. The term 'land' is one of the universal language and cultural phenomena in the picture of the world of different nations. Anglo-Saxon charms is the source that allows to achieve the research targets and establish representation of land as an important frament of the picture of the world in ancient English language. The aim of the research has determined the use of such methods as structural semantic and historical etimological analysis. The research is based on the texts of Anglo Saxon charms published by F. Grendon in his book 'Anglo-Saxon Charms'. The results of the research have allowed to conclude that the term 'land' is represented in the texts of Anglo-Saxon charms by such lexical units as land, eorþe, æcer, folde, feld, turf, grund, plot, plōh, toft, furh, lǣs. The author has defined the frequency of the use of aforesaid lexemas in the texts of charms. According to the author, the most frequently used lexemas that represent the term 'land' in old English is land and eorþe. The author's special contribution to the topic is that the analysis of lexical units with the meaning 'land' and 'eorþe' in Anglo-Saxon charms has allowed to define semantic components and objectifying lexemas.

Keywords: differentiation of meanings, Old English, lexeme, semantic component, picture of the world, notion of earth, conceptualization, Anglo-Saxon charm, semantic field, representation of meaning

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.2.29501

Abstract: The article presents the research experience in the aspect of intermedia correlation of poetry, sculpture, and music. The object of the study is the English ekphrasis of the statue - immobility, and motion. The fundamental purpose of the present study is to identify the main factors (linguistic, extralinguistic) in the discourse space of ekphrasis, revealing the contradictions between the form and its content, and determining the process of transformation of the semiotic beginning of the statue into a single aesthetic whole. The study showed that the opposition of immobility to motion, realized in the binary opposition "lifeless matter – a living being", is represented by multi-level linguistic means (lexical, morphological, syntactic), as well as a number of techniques of artistic expression. It is revealed that the inclusion in the discourse of markers, explicating the interaction of verbal and plastic, mainly enhances the effect of immobility, while the intermedial interaction of verbal and musical creates the illusion of motion, vital activity of the statue. At the same time, the depicted referent appears before the reader not only as an object of semiotic and aesthetic development. In ekphrasis of the statue can be traced two main motive (the motive animating images and enigmatically motive mysteries) that contribute to the development of the hermeneutic of ekphrasis – its interpretation, reflection as a unified stylistic harmony. Appealing to the background knowledge of the reader, ekphrasis determines the variability of its readings, thus producing a process of artistic communication, a kind of "dialogue" with the reader, as a result of which the intermedial poetic discourse is enriched with new meanings.

Keywords: immobility, semiotic antinomy, intermedia correlation, intermedia poetic discourse, statue, ekphrasis, motion, signifier, signified, sign

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2020.12.34443

Abstract: Concept of the “way of family life” is one of the unique concepts of the English-language linguistic worldview, as it reflects mental, cultural and behavioral traits of the British people. The subject of this article is the communicative methods of expressing the concept of “way of family life” on the example of children’s fantasy tale “The Borrowers” by Mary Norton. Research methodology is based on the analytical method (analysis of theoretical literature and factual material on the topic), descriptive method, and continuous sampling. The authors describe such aspects of the concept of “way of family life” as family traditions and routine, relationships between family members, family structure, parenting, rules, morality, and habits. The scientific novelty lies in adding more details to the existing representations on the concept of “way of family life” in the English-language linguistic worldview on the level of its verbal representation in the fantasy tale “The Borrowers” by Mary Norton. The acquire results allow stating that this fantasy tale creates a holistic image of the typical lifestyle of the English family, which implies such aspects, as responsibility for each other, mutual understanding, household issues, relationships between spouses and children, family traditions, distribution of roles in the family, family identity, continuity in child’s upbringing, relations with relatives and neighbors. The determined communicative peculiarities in verbalization of the concept of “way of family life” testify to the fact that in British society this concept is associated with such notions as tranquility, home, comfort, coziness, something very personal and dear to heart. Such privacy of feelings and space, as demonstrated in the analyzed material, is rooted in mentality of the British people.

Keywords: XX century, linguistics, children's literature, verbalization of the concept, communicative features, way of family life, concept, British culture, fairy tale, the language picture of the world

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2019.1.29258

Abstract: The subject of the research is the introductory words and word combinations of emotional evaluation as a type of extended sentence from the point of view of linguistic methodology. The object of the research is the methodological grounds for teaching introductory words to Chinese students. Zhukova provides an insight into introductory words and word combinations as well as functional semantic groups of introductory words. She also gives a detailed description of introductory words with emotional (positive or negative) evaluation. Based on the analysis of using introductory words with positive or negative emotional evaluation in literary texts (novels 'Leonardo's Hand', 'The White Dove of Kordova', 'Petrushka Syndrome' from Dina Rubina's trilogy 'The Air Men'), Zhukova establishes the principles of teaching Chinese students how to use introductory words with emotinal evaluation. The structural semantic analysis of introductory words by using the comparison method, in particular, comparison of such words to similar forms in Chinese has allowed to define peculiarities of the semantics and functions of introductory words in the Russian language. The author has used the continuous sampling method to collect the material for the research. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that introductory words and word combinations with emotional evaluation are viewed on the basis of literary works, in particular, Dina Rubina's trilogy 'The Air Men' (Leonardo's Hand, The White Dove of Kordova, Petrushka's Syndrome). The main conclusion of the research is that this is the best approach to teaching Russian as a foreign language when it comes to introductory words due to the variety and polyfunctionality of these expressive means.

Keywords: modal particles, negative emotional evaluation, positive emotional evaluation, Russian as a foreign language, artistic text, emotional evaluation, introductory words, phraseology, modus frame, Dina Pubina

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.2.20154

Abstract: The language of literature of the Middle Ages is interesting to learn not only linguistically , but also in the cultural aspect . The medieval poems and novels are a kind of portal to far from the modern era and reflect the fundamental laws of the organization of the world where they were created. As in any other period of the development of society, human nature to assess the validity, form their own attitude to the surrounding objects. Evaluation, reflected in literature of a particular era, shows the accumulated emotional experience , allows to mark some of the features in the map of the world of the community or individual, described in this literary work. This research, based on the first of five romance poems of Chrétien de Troyes «Erec and Enide», is devoted to the methods of the representation of the evaluation in the speech. Also this article is focused on the intercourse between the subject and the reality under certain historical conditions, predetermined by the social medium and different developing factors. The multiaspect functional-semantic analysis of evaluative adjectives, represented in the text of the novel, is useful for revelation of several features of the medieval mentality.

Keywords: linguistic map of the world, evaluation, evaluative adjectives, mentality, the Middle Ages, Erec and Enide, linguistic, Chrétien de Troyes, functional-semantic analysis, Old French

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.3.68020

Abstract: The language medieval literary monuments are written in is interesting not only from the linguistic but also from the cultural point of view. Medieval novels and poems are some kind of a portal to the remote epoch and reflects the main laws of the world and the time when they were written. In this article Petrenko chooses one of the five Chretien de TroyesвЂ™ novels вЂErec and EnineвЂ™ (the XIIth century) and analyzes the means of evaluative representation in the language, as well as studies the relationship between a subject and reality in certain historical conditions set by the society and development factors. Multi-aspect functional semantic analysis of evaluative adjectives that can be found in the novel allows the author to define certain peculiarities of the medieval mentality. Having analyzed the semantics of evaluation, mechanism of its development and functioning in the medieval text, the author makes a conclusion about the volumes of the evaluative world image and means of its representations. According to the author, a medieval author enriched established lexical units with new meanings which proves the continuous growth of the human mind and development of the human understanding of the world. Certain restraint of the evaluative vocabulary and a need to increase its functional potential are seen by the author as a necessary stage in the language development.

Keywords: linguistic world-image, evaluation, evaluative adjectives, mentality, Middle Ages, ‘Erec and Enide’, language studies, Chretien de Troyes, functional semantic analysis, Old French.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.26466

Abstract: This article is devoted to the functions of a word combination 'da vse ravno' (whatever) in different kinds of constructions. The object of the research is the combination of the alternative conjunction 'da' and the connecting conjunction 'da' with the lexical unit 'vse ravno' used as a conjunctional specifier, as well as the expression 'da vse ravno' used as the principal part of a one-member sentence in a monological text. The main target of the research is to define specific structure and semantics of a syntactical construction with 'da vse ravno'. The research involves data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language. To achieve the aforesaid target, the author has applied the functional-semantic method as well as the functional-syntactic method. As a result of the analysis, the author discovers that the expression 'da vse ravno' brings forth the concessive-adversative sense of constructions first of all, moreover, it may function as a relatively independent expression that means 'all variants would be good' or 'equal'. The results of the research can be used in the process of composing a vocabulary entry in a dictionary of functional words.

Keywords: pessimistic scenario, concession, status category, semantics, specifier, conjunctional construction, conjunction, syntax, monological text, functional-semantic method

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.26685

Abstract: The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical interpretation of definitions 'media text' and 'media discourse'. Within the framework of this research, media text is viewed from the point of view of media linguistics. Konovalova clarifies the definition of media text based on Teun Adrianus van Dijk's interpretation taking into account modern approaches thereto. The aim of the research is to analyze features of media text and media discourse in classical and contemporary concepts. The object of the research is media discourse, the subject of the research is media text as a static cut of it that enables the analysis of verbal components and discursive featurse of a media speech work. In her article Konovalova provides an example of the analysis of a media text where she analyses linguistic means used to represent discursive features of media texts. The research methods include observation, analysis of media text parameters based on T. Dobroskkonsky, elements of the discourse analysis of the formal content and contextual cognitive levels of media discourse. The novelty of the present research is caused by the fact that the author provides the theoretical substantiation of the interpretation of news media text as a static 'cut' of media discourse as well as carries out a practical study of the language means of representing its formal content and contextual cognitive levels. The main results of the research is the description of the language means, and their classification depending on the levels and features of media discourse.

Keywords: Discourse analysis, Genres of journalism, News media text, Speech activity, Media properties, Media linguistics, Media discourse, Media text, Discourse, Text

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.3.27342

Abstract: The article is devoted to the functional potential of opposite figures in contemporary German religious text, in particular, preaching text. According to the authors of the article, as a religious style, preaching is an important source of various expressive means as well as tropos and figures that serve different functions, from structuring relgious text, its rhythmic organisation, images, and telling the moral message. The subject of the research is the opposite figures, in particular, antithesis, chiasmus, parallelism that function in the homiletical genre. The research is based on the lexicographical, descriptive and comparative methods as well as the methods of classification and lexico-semantic analysis. The research material implies texts of preaching of an Austrian cardinal Christoph Schönborn. The need and importance of linguistic study of opposite figures in German religious text have created the rationale of this research. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors define peculiar features of opposite figures from the point of view of compositional and stylistic principles of constructing the preaching text. The following conclusions have been made in the course of the research: 1. German preaching as a religious text has such opposite figures as antithesis, chiasmus, and parallelism; 2. antithesis is frequently used and denotes accurate and convincing expression, thus can be considered to be a compositional principle of text; 3. chiasmus and parallelism in German preaching define the main topic as well as convey the completeness of a religious text.

Keywords: antithesis, opposite figures, preaching, homiletically genre, text, religious style, German language, linguistics, chiasmus, parallelism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.28428

Abstract: In their article the authors analyze and clarify definitions of language and speech personality biography. As the analysis of research literary demonstrates, these terms are still developing and acquiring essential features within the framework of anthropocentric linguistic studies. The aim of the article is to prove relative independence of terms 'language biography' and 'speech biography' and to clarify definitions thereof. Very often these terms are used as synonyms while they are presented as individual terms in some sociolinguistic and linguopersonality researches. Having reviewed theoretical literature and analyzed a number of empirical examples, the authors of the article have come to the discussion of aspects that are important for the interpretation of these terms. Thus, language biography is the hsitory of the development of the language personality from the origin of individua life till the end of life including the process of acquiring, development and evolution of cognitive experience, world view, and system of values. Speech biography is the history of changes of speech habits of human under the influence of social and professional factors throughout his or her active consious experience. Detailed differentiation between these terms is necessary because it determines the choice of linguistic instruments to study specific features of speech activity of an individual depending on cognitive and social events of his or her personal history.

Keywords: social affiliation, speech behavior, speech, language, language personality, speech biography, language biography, professional affiliation, gender, age

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2013.3.9645

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2013.3.63573

Abstract: The article analyzes the problem of naming big numbers that is usually solved by a new branch of philosophy, the philosophy of anti-language. The problem of naming big numbers is a challenge for both mathematics (the theory of numbers) and linguistics (derivation). Despite a certain difference between symbolic and verbal names, the problem of writing numbers in symbols is associated with the fundamental limits of both verbal and symbolic names. The problem of giving names to big numbers is usually solved in the philosophy of anti-language. The subject of this branch of philosophy is the studies of the limits of semiotic names expressed in natural human language as well as the dependency of cognitive process on anti-language. The majority of names given to big numbers are anti-words contained in the anti-language. Such anti-words represent the class of anti-words called numerologism. As numerologisms, they exist until they are expressed in the language. Here the author talks not only about giving names to numbers based on a so called ‘brief scale’ where a new name is given after three zero degrees are added (in Russian morphology, they are numeral adjectives inflected for case and number), but also about verbal naming of all numbers within the range of such degrees which are, from the point of view of the Russian morphology, are definite compose cardinal numbers inflected for case. In addition, the author of the article discusses such types of numerologisms as ‘prime-numerologisms’ and ‘transcendental numerologisms’. By solving the problem of naming big numbers in modern Russian language, we can: 1) clarify one of the rules of spelling ordinal numbers, especially those ended with the ‘llion’ suffix; 2) focus on the problem of spelling complex adjectives where, instead of the ‘years old’ suffix, suffixes denoting ‘kilogram’, ‘millimeter’, ‘millisecond; and etc. can be used; 3) solve a number of other problems related to derivation and formation of names of big numbers.

Keywords: philosophy of anti-language, anti-word, anti-language, number, numeral, transcendental number, Pi (number), numerologism, transcendental numerologism, anti-linguistic derivation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2015.4.17404

Abstract: The subject of the study is the antisexist reform of the German language. The objective of the study is to show how feminist critique of language can affect not only the public language policy, but also the state of the national language based on the example of Germany. The incessant polemic referring to this phenomenon, both in the scientific community and the media, confirms the actuality of the subject. In Germany, many of the criticisms of feminist linguistics were perceived positively and taken into account in developing a strategy of antisexist use of the German language. The author considers: the causes which called into existence a feminist critique of language, its nature, and the signs of androcentrism in the language. The focus is on eliminating gender asymmetries in the German language and legally fixed antisexist use of the German language in various spheres of public life. The author studied the texts of scientific publications, legislation, websites and German media to identify gender-correct language.It was established that the field of application of innovations eliminating sexism in German language is gradually expanding. However, it turned out that gender-correct language attached to a great extent to women's magazines, the other media tend to use the gender-correct forms only in certain cases.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2015.4.67367

Keywords: androcentrism, gender asymmetries, language sexism, language policy, language norm, unsexist use of language, feminist critique of language, legal and administrative language, masculine/feminine notations, gender-correct forms

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.26268

Abstract: The aim of the research is the development of a relevant and accurate instrument to analyse statistical characteristics of speech acts of different kinds. The object of the research is English apology speech formulas. The subject of the research is the statistical characteristics of the aforesaid formulas. The authors have analyzed English apology speech formulas and formalized an apology cluster, as a result, they have discovered the basic formulas apologies can be built on. In this article the authors are focusing on the development of accurate instruments that is so needed in modern linguistic studies. In the course of their research the authors have used both linguistic and mathematical methods. To recognize apologies, the authors apply a classifier that is based on reference vectors. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that valid instruments to define particular speech acts in texts have not been yet created. As a result, the authors achieve 94% of the accuracy of their classification which is a good indicator. The results received can be used for statistical analysis of other speech formulas besides apologies. In the future the authors suggest to extend groups of respondents in order to increase accuracy of classification.

Keywords: support vector machine, Scikit-learn, Python, apology speech formulas, speech acts, mathematical linguistics, corpus linguistics, formalization, attribute vector, binary classification

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.26305

Abstract: The object of the research is the 'I/We regret' apology speech formula. The subject of the research is the linguosemiotic characteristics thereof. The aim of the research is to define peculiarities of this speech formula, for this it is necessary to view it from the point of view of three approaches offered by liguosemiotics: semantics, syntax and pragmatics. In addition, the author has analyzed statistical characteristics of this apology formula which allows to define the basic and additional combinations. The author has applied the descriptive and component methods of linguistic analysis. First of all, the author studies vocabulary definitions, then she defines pragmatic and syntax characteristics thereof. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the I/We regret apology formula has never been studied taking into account its linguosemiotic characteristics. The data obtained can be used as the ground for further mathematical linguistics research, in particular, to formalize speech formulas combined with apology speech formulas using the method of mathematical statistics.

Keywords: intensifier, linguistic corpus, statistical characteristics, syntax, pragmatics, semantics, speech act, expressive, prospective apology, function of utterance

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.4.20476

Abstract: The article reveals some peculiarities of terms as specialized lexical units based on the example of the English-language astronomy terms. The carried out analysis is based on the material of the selection of terminological units of the total amount of 2000 units taken from dictionaries of astronomy terms and other sources. Two approaches to the study of the term’s nature are substantiated: normative and descriptive. The author of the article examines the requirements to the term as a special lexical unit such as systemacy, independence from the context, monosemanticity, exactness, conciseness, etc. The following methods have been used during the research: the methods of contextual and etymological analysis, component analysis of the structure of terminological units, reconstruction of structural and word-formative models of the lexical units under study, and quantitative processing of data. As a result of the research the author comes to the conclusion that the obligatory requirements of the astronomy term include the conformity with the norms and rules of the modern English language, systemacy, presence of definition, exactness, and conciseness. Desirable characteristics of the English-language astronomy term are relative independence from the context, monosemanticity, absence of synonyms, expressive neutrality and harmony. If the major part of astronomy terms meets the requirements of absence of expressiveness and harmony, one third of the amount of terminological selection does not satisfy the requirements of monosemanticity and non-synonymy.

Keywords: constellation, star, dictionary, terminological system, requirement, astronomy, terminology, term, celestial body, synonymy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2016.4.68541

Keywords: constellation, star, dictionary, terminological system, requirement, astronomy, terminology, term, celestial body, synonymy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0749.2018.4.27921

Abstract: The subject of the research is the functioning of single Spanish literary standard and practical experience of the Spanish Language Academy Associations in imposing a particular language standard. The research targets included analysis of the main activities of the Spanish Language Acvademy, theoretical grounds of their language policy, definition of standard, usage and variability of modern Spanish. The researchers intend not only to analyse the theoretical grounds of Spanish academic science but also to develop criteria that can be used to write study books for Russian universities as wll as to make it easier for a student or lecturer to choose a vocabulary or studybook. The main research methods are analysis, systematization and classification of theoretical utterances contained in introductions and forewords published by the Academy, and all kinds of presentations and speeches published on the websites of the aforesaid institutes. For the first time in the academic literature the researchers carry out an integral analysis of theoretical provisions of the main publications made by the Spanish Language Academy Assotiations at the beginning of the XXIth century. All publications have been divided into two groups, those that discuss the variety of Spanish dialects and those that are devoted to Spanish literary standard. The analysis of the foresaid publications has made it possible to conclude that the Spanish Language Academy intends to develop single Spanish language standard for all Spanish-speakers at all levels including school education.