Philosophy and Culture - rubric Philosophy of language and communication

Abstract: Jung’s work has a considerable input on such “eternal” symbols as Anima, Animus, etc. The Jung’s studies tell us what symbols are, how they are related to our unconscious, what are the phenomena of dreams from the point of view of symbols, what is the meaning of symbols in the life of modern people, what is the difference between the sign and the symbol…

Abstract: The path of historical development shows that we are moving towards integration of different cultures. When cultures encounter and interact, they simultaneously penetrate into and influence on one another. We are doomed to start facing other worlds more and more often. This encounter takes place when people of other culture enter our life. Effective interaction with others is a complicated science, on one hand. On the other hand, it is a subtle art. When we understand someone, we don’t only learn to communicate freely. We also expand the horizons of our individual consciousness.

Abstract: The article is about a special type of interpersonal relationship oriented not at the other’s personality, but the other’s “reality”. The author described peculiar features of that type of relationship as well as aspects of its perception and representation in the Japanese and European cultures.

Keywords: communication, attitude, personality, the other, presence, Self-You, Self-Id, absent presence, implicit orientation.

Abstract: Review: the article contains an extract from the book ‘Never Ending Conversation’ by Alexander Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, Russian philosopher, philologist, orientalist and writer who died on October 26 2009 from a heart attack in London.

Keywords: philosophy, culture, oriental studies, Buddhism, Alexander Moiseevich Pyatigorsky

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2019.3.29314

Abstract: The subject of this research is the use of formal-structural mechanism of generating the original promotional texts in such cases, when the interpreting potential of advertised goods tends to zero. It is commonly known that advertising in tendency deals with the minutiae of mass production, initially alienated from a creator, which often are similar or identical. Among the motives and approaches that allow an advertiser to overcome this, is such specific method of representation of product as the creation of puzzles. The author applies the method of discursive analysis that allows focusing attention on extra-linguistic (primarily pragmatic and psychological) factors that accompany production and actualization of the advertisement. Being in the shared theoretical-methodological field of studying creolized texts, the author uses comparativist approach towards determining the polycode promotional patterns, which permanently reproduce the question-answer situation. The scientific novelty lies in the statement that one of the possible inspiration modes for the advertiser in such situation becomes the mode of puzzle-creator, which combines the functions of coder and decoder. The main hermeneutic conclusion is that such “puzzle-creator” is forced to interiorize the cognitive model of an ideal representative of targeted advertising audience, for whom the solution of the invented puzzle will harmoniously combine the intrigue and comfort.

Keywords: inspiration, decoding, encoding, picture, sign, poly-code text, meaning, advertising, understanding, rebus

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.6.8732

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2020.6.33346

Abstract: This article discusses the importance of timely overcoming of language barrier between a deaf person and the society for formation and functionality of such component of the psyche of a deaf person as image of the world. A question is raised on the need for elapse of socialization process of the people with severe hearing impairments in the environment of verbal-gesture bilinguality. The subject of this research is interrelation between the process of popularization of Russian sign language and the process of inclusion of deaf people in the modern Russian society. The scientific novelty consists in revealing mutual determinacy of the process of popularization of Russian sign language and the process of inclusion of deaf people in the modern Russian society from the socio-philosophical perspective. It is proven that full inclusion of deaf people in the society is impossible without a significant increase in the number of the hearing socialization agents who know the Russian sign language. The author underlines that there are certain prerequisites in the modern Russian society for popularization of sign language, as well as indicates the main methods for its popularization. The presented materials can be applied in further research of the various aspects of socialization processes and inclusion of deaf people in socio-philosophical aspect; linguistics (first and foremost psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics), and linguistic philosophy for better understanding of psychosocial component of sign languages; as well as serve as the theoretical framework for solution of practical questions of interaction between deaf people and the society.

Keywords: bilingualism, education system, subculture, socialization, image of the world, people with disabilities, Deaf people, Russian Sign Language, Russian society, inclusion

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2018.6.26154

Abstract: The subject of this research is analysis of the concepts of dialogueness and communication within the philosophical views of Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev and Semyon Lyudvigovich Frank. The object of this research is the problem of dialogue and communication in Russian philosophy of the early XX century. The author determines the origins and conceptual grounds of communicative reasoning of N. A. Berdyaev and S. L. Frank, as well as the discrepancies and similarities of these substantiations. The article reveals the place and importance of the communicative philosophy of Nikolai Berdyaev and Semyon Frank within the context of the history of Russian and Western European philosophy of the early XX century. The research leans on the universal principles of comprehensive approach, with proper combination of a number of hermeneutic methods with genetic that allows defining the profound origins of the philosophical concepts of N. A. Berdyaev and S. L. Frank. The scientific novelty lies in implementation of multifarious analysis of the problem of dialogueness and communication in philosophical views of the two outstanding national philosophers N. A. Berdyaev and S. L. Frank. The author’s contribution consists in analysis of the sources and theoretical foundations of communicative concepts of Nikolai Berdyaev and Semyon Frank alongside the determination of the key moments of similarity and discrepancy in the conceptual grounds of their systems.

Keywords: alienation, loneliness, friendship, communicative act, communication, unity, alien, dialogue, individualization, interaction

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2017.6.20942

Abstract: This article attempts to analyze the texts of M. Heidegger’s seminars and lectures over the period of 1934-1935 dedicated to the hymns “Germania” and “The Rhine” by Friedrich Hölderlin. These works already indicate the targeted by Heidegger grounds for the realized so-called “turn” (die Kejre), focused on the role of “poetic thinking” in the questions of apprehending the true Being, which later had a significant impact upon the entire philosophical though of the XX century, and still remains an object of interest among the scholars. The article uses the method of analysis of the primary source, comparison of the text with the earlier and later works, hermeneutic methodology, problem-thematic way of analysis and interpretation of the material. The main conclusions consist in the following: for the first time, based on the aforementioned texts, was revealed the method of determination of Martin Heidegger’s “poetic thinking”; understanding of the phenomenon of poetic in philosophical heritage of M. Heidegger as the key notion of his later philosophy is being realized; analysis alongside interpretation of the notions used by the philosopher for structuring the concept of cognizing the being using the “poetic thinking” is being conducted.

Keywords: Ontology, Speech, Language, Present being, Turn, Aletheia, Unconcealedness of Being, Poetic thinking, Friedrich Hölderlin, Martin Heidegger

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.1.10509

Abstract: The article is devoted to significance, meaning and interpretation of the communication process in different cultures. Being the so-called sign systems, culture and language are closely related. As a mean of development of culture, language tells us about the past, present and future culture. The structure of the meaning level is very peculiar for every lingo culture which is usually due to the structure of the language. However, the structure of the level of ‘notions’ is similar for all people and does not depend on a concrete language. It gives an opportunity for different cultures to communicate and understand each other.

Keywords: significance, meaning, interpretation, lingo culture, conceptual level, inter-cultural communication

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.1.63770

Abstract: The article is devoted to the ideas of an American pragmatism philosopher, the leader of the Pittsburg school of Neo-Hegelianism Robert Brandom and his unique «analytical» interpretation of Kant and Hegel. The author of the present article provides definitions of the main terms in Brandom’s philosophy such as «discursive obligation», «the game of giving and asking for reasons», «normative statuses», «social selfconsciousness », «inferential connections», de re and de dicto interpretations», «recognition» (Anerkennung). The author of the article shows how following the example of his predecessor and teacher Richard Rorty Robert Brandom «deontologizes’ Hegel and adjust Hegel’s ides to the issues and conceptual grounds of logiclinguistic and pragmatic philosophy during the second half of the XX century. The main research methods include rational reconstruction a comparative analysis of philosophical ideas by Hegel and Brandom through studying Brandom’s works on philosophy and history that were published since 1990–2000. It is the first time in Russian historical and philosophical literature that a researcher fully describes ideas of the philosopher who is very little known in Russia yet made a significant influence on development of neo-pragmatism in the USA, contributed to the «rehabilitation» of Hegel’s ideas and brought together English-American analytical and continental philosophies at the end of the XX — beginning of the XXI centuries.

Keywords: analytical pragmatism, inferentialism, discursive obligation, prepositional content, rational reconstruction, historical reconstruction, interpretation, recognition, linguistic communication, social selfconsciousness.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2022.5.37954

Abstract: The object of research is the connection between language and culture. The subject of the study is the mutual influence of language and culture in the socio-institutional aspect. The author examines in detail two functions of language in relation to social institutions. 1) Performing a socio-constitutive function, language is the basic condition for the existence of institutions. 2) Performing a socially representative function, language reflects the specifics of social relations of a particular culture. It is proved that the existence of social institutions depends on the presence of language, and expressions about institutional facts have both performative and constative meanings. Special attention is paid to the hypothesis of linguistic relativity in the analysis of expressions about institutional facts. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the interdisciplinary consideration of the issue with the involvement of theoretical models from the philosophy of language, sociolinguistics, the science of social institutions. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to solve the problem of the connection between language and culture based on the theory of speech acts in its application to the study of social institutions and institutional facts. The main conclusion of the study is that the analysis of the constitution and representation of institutional facts is the most fruitful for substantiating the concept of linguistic relativism, since if an institutional fact is not presented linguistically, then it does not exist as such.

Keywords: linguistic relativism, constitutive rule, status function, the theory of performativity, theory of speech acts, the socially representative function of language, the social-constitutive function of language, social institution, culture, language

Abstract: In a commonplace sense of a Russian society, psychiatry is associated with the shelter of hopelessly sick and socially rejected people, while this branch of medicine becomes especially topical under stressful conditions of transfer of humankind to information-based civilization. Philosophical and cultural understanding of a dramatic situation of a mental health is oriented at a drastic change of infantile attitudes of many people towards their mental health and psychiatry as a mean of prevention and treatment of many brain diseases as well as pathological tendencies of personal evolution.

Keywords: philosophy, culture, psyche, psychic health, psychiatry, psychosomatics, medicine, informatization, brains, stress, pathology.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2016.1.13443

Abstract: This article examines the question on the need of substantiation of such new section in philosophy as the philosophy of anti-language. This rises a problem of anti-language existence as a semiotic reality, on the surface of which there are natural human languages, nominating within the being only what is subjected to the signifying titling. Outside of the natural human languages is the area of unnamed and unnamable, which comprises the concept and methodology of the anti-language. The author interprets the anti-language as a combination of classes of anti-words, which allow nominating various spheres of presemiotic. Problematization of the ontological status of the words, taking into account the action of the principle “initial delay” within the metaphysical tradition of presence/absence, is the main task for the solution of the anti-language methodology. The article claims the new philosophical discipline – the philosophy of anti-language, the subject of which became the studying of the foundations and limits of the semiotic nomination on the natural human language and dependencies of the cognitive process of the anti-language. On the example of the three types of anti-words, the author demonstrates the significative inappropriateness of a language (in particular, Russian languages) for the purpose of working with the corresponding referents.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2016.1.67431

Keywords: Language philosophy, Anti-language philosophy, Anti-language, Anti-word, Type of anti-words, Derrida, Principle of “initial delay”, Descombes, Inappropriateness, Genealogism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2018.11.28222

Abstract: This paper analyzes the concept of language developed in Gelug School and discusses its specific features. The majority of the Buddhist schools state that language can express only the relative truth. As for the absolute truth, it can be cognized directly in the meditative state when any duality is absent, including the symbolic linguistic structures. However, the Gelug School accentuates the point that it is impossible to explain the techniques of realization of the absolute without the use of language. That is why the concept of language was developed in the Gelug School, according to which not all verbal structures are obstacles to enlightenment. The followers of the Gelug School subdivide concepts into two types. The first type includes the concepts that have arisen as a result of ascribin (Tib. sgro ‘dogs) the false qualities to the objects. The second type is deprived of the false ascribing; it is formed in the process of using the special type of philosophical discourse – prasangika, which is the factor for emerging of the “middle view” (Tib. dbu lta), the proper view of things. This allows the follower of prasanga to efficiently use the verbal structures for (1) adequate cognition on the conceptual level and (2) transition towards the direct attainment of the absolute truth, which as a result leads to gaining freedom and achieving the state of Buddha.

Keywords: Madhyamaka,, Gelug, Tibetan Buddhism, text, verbal structures, the philosophy of language, the philosophy of Buddhism, soteriology, religious practice, prasangika

Abstract: Modern society places a priority on social communicative processes and relations. This is where the ‘key points’ of the globally expanding world being defined. In such process social communications have got the two directions at the same time: inside their own social system and ‘outside’ of it. By the means of communications the local societies reveal and accept conditions and parameters of their own link to the norms and requirements of the international level. Such duality of social communications is an essential condition of preservation of cultures and social structures f the local worlds despite the growing tendency of convergence and interaction between countries and peoples. The author of this article describes some forms of social communications which reflect the social norms. These forms of communications include: game, crosscultural communications and social partnership.

Keywords: philosophy, culture, social communications, game, crosscultural communications, text, message, cultural code, partnership, society.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2017.2.16789

Abstract: This article examines the philosophy of language of the Austrian logician and philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein from the perspective of the new interdisciplinary knowledge – the philosophy of anti-language. The subject of the philosophy of anti-language is the examination of foundations and limits of semiotic nomination in human language and dependence of the cognitive process from anti-language. On the example of such Wittgenstein’s notion as the individual language, the author demonstrates that its full conceptualization is possible only in the context of anti-language methodology, while within the framework of linguistic philosophy and philosophy of language of Wittgenstein himself, such notion appears to be stillborn. As an additional argumentation, the principle of ontological relativity, proposed by the American logician, mathematician, and philosopher W. Quine, is being involved. Simultaneously, the author substantiates Sapir–Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity, which originates from the thesis that existential/metaphysical/worldview (but usually the ordinary) picture of the human world can also justify the choice of the corresponding language (for nomination and communication). The article is first to introduce into the philosophical discourse such postulates as the postulate of ontological noncompetitiveness (non-transparency, relativity) before the language, as well as the postulate of linguistic noncompetitiveness (non-transparency, relativity) before the being, due to which the questions of narrow-linguistic philosophy can be elevated up to the level of the problems of the philosophy of language and anti-language.

Keywords: Sapir–Whorf hypothesis, Linguistic relativity, Individual objective reality, Principle of ontological relativity, Individual language, Silence, W. Quine, Philosophy of anti-language, Philosophy of language, L. Wittgenstein

Abstract: The author discussed grounds for the hypothesis that many concepts of language in Russian philosophy appeared as a result of a sharp and still on-going crisis of language making us doubt the possibility of an adequate understanding of words. These conceptions differ in concrete principles of text formation but have the same strategy of overcoming the language crisis. In comparison to Bakhtin’s, Florensky’s and Schpet’s theories of language, the author described A. Losev’s theory of ‘positional polytropia’ as a core principle of text formation. According to the author, Losev’s theory was made to provide adequateness and wholeness of communication.

Keywords: language crisis, principles of text formation, polyphony, polyrolism, polycyclia, polytropia, multi-layered, multi-vectored

Abstract: In this article we ask a philosophical question on what is the truth of text and how it is perceived by readers. At the same time we use the standpoint of there being not one, but several invariable truths, which are typologically expressed.

Keywords: philosophy, truth, typology, invariant, world outlook, perception, limitation, territory, style, knowledge

Abstract: The article is devoted to peculiarities of perception of the other picture of the world. Behavior of people belonging to different cultures depends on how they perceive the world around. As a mean of communication, language and way of cognition are determined by the culture of a national society. Verbal communication remains the most effective form but it is only part of communication. Non-verbal communication plays a greater role. The author defines cultural values and attitudes as the main parameters of the national culture. Based on the author, cultural values are rather concrete and specific. Attitudes are more abstract and perceived at the unconscious level. Cultural attitudes are a tendency to perceive the world according to this or that image and usually perceived by an individual as a part of the world itself.

Keywords: cultural sciences, picture of the world, perception, verbal and non-verbal communication, cultural values, attitudes, model of behavior

Abstract: The article is devoted to the relationship between a myth and a narrative in the history of culture. The author studies the transfer to the narrative linguistic formations in agricultural societies. Various versions of the Vita Herbae are viewed both as the initial magic formulas and complete narratives. The magic scheme ‘human/plan’ in vita herbae texts shows the possibility of transfer from the magic or transitive language (ergon language) to the connotative linguistic structure (energeia language).

Keywords: philosophy, culture, household, myth, language, narrative, magic, ritual, syntaxes, text.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.11.12441

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.11.65723

Abstract: Proper names and surnames are a special subsystem in the system of vocabulary where linguistic laws change quite specifically like a ray of light when it is transferred from one medium to another. This subsystem has the patterns that cannot be met outside the sphere of proper names. The author of the article studies surnames in languages of different systems. She underlines that surnames are created based on the linguistic rules and therefore reflect the history of language. Azerbaijani, English and German surnames also reflect the history of nation. Languages of different systems have similar and different anthroponyms that allow to understand the connection between cultures of different nations. This provides an opportunity to establish that surnames are part of the history of nation and culture. Inheriting communication media that were created long time ago, each speech community develops and improves these media depending on their growing needs. Languages of different systems – Azerbaijani, English and German – have particular differences and similarities in surnames that allow to understand the relation between cultures of different nations and common roots of these cultures. This provides an opportunity to establish that surnames are part of the culture and history of nation.

Keywords: proper names, language, surnames (last names), scientific researches, anthroponomical models, nickname, history of language, history of nation, component.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.6.62764

Abstract: Jacques Derrida and Aurelius Augustinus have been traditionally thought to be representing the opposing tendencies: the former attracted attetion at what he called the phonetic writing or logocentrism and the latter followed the onto-theological approach which was based on the idea of the World being created by Word. However, the analysis of relations between an item and a sign, designator and designatum, writing and sound, as described in Augustinus’ diaologue ‘About the Teacher’, shows that both philosophers had much in common.