Abstract: The problem of determination of the the objective mechanism of social reproduction of agriculture is yet to be resolved. Its cognition furnishes the clue ti the rational solution of a range of socioeconomic, environmental, scientific-technological, ideological, political, and practical tasks for successful development of the sector and its branches in the Russian Federation. The existing domestic and foreign experience proves the inadequacy of the used theories, methodologies and practices, which give only a partial representation in the conditions of considerable uncertainty. The modern theories, methodologies, and practices are incapable of determining the objective mechanism for agricultural development in relation to social reproduction, and thus, ensure the development of agriculture in the current context of sanctions and increased competition in the world market. The author offers an alternative approach with a fundamentally new scientific base, systemic and comprehensive methodology, an adequate theory that fully reflects all aspects of the objective reproduction mechanism on all economic levels. The pivotal link in transformation in the strategy of agricultural development of the Russian Federation is the drastic change in the socioeconomic ideology and state policy aimed at improvement of living conditions for all members of the society based on the legislative consolidation, which via state coercion, ensures the increase in the share of advantageous spending and reduction of disadvantageous, harmful spending within the budget structure of a social worker and spare time of each person or society in nature. Successful transition of agriculture to an innovative type of reproduction becomes possible only in terms of the accelerated (5-7 years) second Industrialization of the Russian Federation in all production sectors.