DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.1.10308

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.1.65207

Abstract: The article offers a legal analysis of a court decision, ruling the actions of registration bodies invalid, as well as the process of its execution. According to Article 8 of the Russian Civil Code, civil law rights and liabilities emerge from a set of foundations – including a valid court ruling, which establishes rights and obligations. However, it does not specify which types of rulings may be the cause for such rights and obligations to be established or terminated. With that in mind, it is also said that “not every court ruling is always a source for establishing, or terminating civil law rights. The traits of a court ruling, which involves disputing of actions of registration organs, are the subject for research in this article. Analyzing the Government Registration of Real Property Rights and Transactions Act, we can conclude that the example court ruling is viewed as a valid foundation for the establishment of property rights, and, in turn, a valid foundation for government registration. However, a court ruling which invalidates the actions of a registration body, may not be the basis for establishing property rights, because it does not recognize, or establish the appellant’s property rights.

Keywords: Court decision, ruled as invalid, execution, ruling, registration bodies, real property, right, satisfaction, refusal, dispute

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.1.11016

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.1.65208

Abstract: The Moscow region is one of the most actively developing regions of Russian Federation. In recent years, it’s the number one region in terms of housing being introduced into the market. By the square meters area of housing being brought into operation, this region is on par with successful European countries. The Moscow region maintains a leading position in the construction industry in Russia. High prices on property, which is erected on historical grounds, are also defined by the appeal of the territories. Contradictions arise between the demands of the population and the economy, urban environment services in cities and historical settlements. The demands of the population for the conservation of historical and cultural environment is, in fact, higher than the actual value of historical heritage on the given territory. New properties which emerge on historical grounds are often met with fair criticism from both, the professionals and the community. The article explores the problems which emerge during the preparation of land planning documentation in Moscow region’s municipalities. Such problems emerge from the absence of real legal mechanisms for the preservation of historical buildings, territories and landscapes, which have the cultural heritage legal status. The author points out the necessity for drafting more defined and reliable legal grounds for the preparation of new, and the actualization of the old cultural heritage areas, because the earlier projects did not take into account the development needs of municipalities, property owners and users.

Keywords: object, cultural heritage, area planning, document, general plan, plans, protected areas, historical and cultural, museums and reserves, historical town

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2015.1.12545

Abstract: This article focuses on the challenges of implementing the concept of Smart Cities from the steady development standpoint. The author examines the main approaches to defining a "Smart City", its main traits and characteristics, outlines the main technological solutions that are necessary for Smart City development, efficient management, function and interaction between interested parties. The author draws attention to environmental aspects of Smart City development and the implementation of intelligent management systems in education, healthcare and public transport. The author defines a "Smart City", and lists the qualities that make a city "Smart". The author examines the Steady development rating of Russian cities, as well as tendencies for "Smart City" concept implementation in various countries. The author also offers a method and result for steady development rating application in Russia, which would help regional and municipal authorities to define priority management decisions that would improve steady development of cities and their "Smartization". The importance of such ratings for objective comparison of cities and regions, defining the leaders and those that lag behind, is obvious. Russian experience for "Smart City" implementation in Russia is also brought to attention.

Keywords: BREAM, environmental soundness, efficiency, technology, development, Smart Cities, Smart Cities, LEED, Governor's rating, administration

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2015.1.66487

Abstract: This article focuses on the challenges of implementing the concept of Smart Cities from the steady development standpoint. The author examines the main approaches to defining a "Smart City", its main traits and characteristics, outlines the main technological solutions that are necessary for Smart City development, efficient management, function and interaction between interested parties. The author draws attention to environmental aspects of Smart City development and the implementation of intelligent management systems in education, healthcare and public transport. The author defines a "Smart City", and lists the qualities that make a city "Smart". The author examines the Steady development rating of Russian cities, as well as tendencies for "Smart City" concept implementation in various countries. The author also offers a method and result for steady development rating application in Russia, which would help regional and municipal authorities to define priority management decisions that would improve steady development of cities and their "Smartization". The importance of such ratings for objective comparison of cities and regions, defining the leaders and those that lag behind, is obvious. Russian experience for "Smart City" implementation in Russia is also brought to attention.

Keywords: BREAM, environmental soundness, efficiency, technology, development, Smart Cities, Smart Cities, LEED, administration

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2015.1.15072

Abstract: This article focuses on the challenges of implementing the concept of Smart Cities from the steady development standpoint. The author examines the main approaches to defining a "Smart City", its main traits and characteristics, outlines the main technological solutions that are necessary for Smart City development, efficient management, function and interaction between interested parties. The author draws attention to environmental aspects of Smart City development and the implementation of intelligent management systems in education, healthcare and public transport. In addition to the abovementioned topics, the author also examines the issues of city habitability evaluation, quality of life and city administration evaluation, which are particularly important for improving development stability of urban territories. The author provides existing examples of environmentally sound building in Russia, evaluates the possibilities and challenges of their development. The methodological basis of this article consists of general scientific and specific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, statistics. The implementation of international standards, "Smart" system and environmentally steady development allow to enhance the transparency of urban authorities, to improve the level of trust between them and the population, establish coordination and cooperation between different branches of city administration and, in the end, permits for sound and substantiated administrative solutions, as well as enhanced quality of life in cities.

Keywords: Russia, Europe, North America, Green construction, development, Smart cities, BREEAM, LEED, DGNB, prospects

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2015.1.66488

Abstract: This article focuses on the challenges of implementing the concept of Smart Cities from the steady development standpoint. The author examines the main approaches to defining a "Smart City", its main traits and characteristics, outlines the main technological solutions that are necessary for Smart City development, efficient management, function and interaction between interested parties. The author draws attention to environmental aspects of Smart City development and the implementation of intelligent management systems in education, healthcare and public transport. In addition to the abovementioned topics, the author also examines the issues of city habitability evaluation, quality of life and city administration evaluation, which are particularly important for improving development stability of urban territories. The author provides existing examples of environmentally sound building in Russia, evaluates the possibilities and challenges of their development. The methodological basis of this article consists of general scientific and specific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling, statistics. The implementation of international standards, "Smart" system and environmentally steady development allow to enhance the transparency of urban authorities, to improve the level of trust between them and the population, establish coordination and cooperation between different branches of city administration and, in the end, permits for sound and substantiated administrative solutions, as well as enhanced quality of life in cities.

Keywords: Russia, Europe, North America, Green construction, development, Smart cities, BREEAM, LEED, DGNB, prospects

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.2.13066

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.2.65872

Abstract: Housing is one of the most important issues in all periods of history. The solution to it was discovered in XX-eth century. Almost everywhere, despite of national and government differences, standard-project housing was being erected – cheap, low-quality and limited operational periods. In Moscow, this solution lead to the emergence of an entire zone of industrial habitation (located between the Central and the Third ring roads). Currently, such housing is below the requirements of the population. Is it possible to solve the problem of decadence for a huge section of the Capital’s housing fund? This article examines foreign approaches to solving this problem and offers adapted solutions for Moscow, taking into account its specific needs, traits and development vectors. Moscow’s development research shows that its growth is multi-directional. The eastern hemisphere of the city follows the way of high-rise block buildings, while the western is more focused on individual suburban architecture. Moreover, the south-eastern part of the New Moscow, has plans for individual and low-rise buildings. Without a doubt, this is not necessarily an evidence for classic suburbanization of Moscow, there are, however, objective conditions to support this kind of process.

Keywords: industrial construction, housing construction, panel building, urbanization, suburbanization, urban development, urban environment, housing, renovation, improvement and redevelopment

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.2.13069

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.2.65873

Abstract: This text attempts to answer the question of how legal support for the process of territorial planning affects the quality of urban environment. The only planning to be considered good is planning that involves a calculated projection for the future result – the quality of urban environment. Several professional technologies exist to generate such calculated projections. They include 3 components: (a) balancing between planned volume of construction and the relevant infrastructure (transport, social, engineering and technical); (b) evaluating the actual financial capabilities for step-by-step construction of this infrastructure, and (c), for maintenance of the said infrastructure on a required scale and quality levels, within the financial capabilities of the city budget and population. If any of those components is missing, a general plan may not be considered sound. It may become feasible on the minimal condition of any lack of legal obstacles for conducting the actions that constitute its territorial planning. This text names several of those obstacles and justifies the importance of their elimination. The author speaks of three areas of meaning: 1) universal logic of territorial planning and general plan preparations; 2) of the Federal Act’s anti-logic, which nominally eliminated the universal logic of territorial planning; 3) of the practical consequences which are the result of the implementation of the Federal Act’s errors.

Keywords: Territorial planning, volume of construction, infrastructure, budget, general plan, Federal Act, Law enforcement, realization, responsibility, Urban Development Code

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.2.13070

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2313-0539.2014.2.65874

Abstract: At the modern stage of evolution of urban development as a sphere of economy and society, objective evaluation of intersectoral interaction becomes significant for examining the interdependencies and mutual influences within the economy and urban development processes. Identifying the major factors in those processes will allow making better, more substantiated projections for prospective vectors of changes in habitation, identifying preferable types and forms of habitation, best suited for the new economic model. The topical importance of this work is justified by the fact that the role of urban planning will be further enhanced in increasingly more globalized environment and growing demand for establishing centers of international collaboration in Russia, equipped with fully functional international corridors, roads for various forms of transport, energy grids, information clusters, and, potentially, water resources. This article gives a vision of the role of urban development in Russia’s growth strategy, analyzes the current state of urban development and evaluates the significance of factors that affect the development of urban environment. The author analyzes possible ways to overcome negative trends in development, in order to ensure progressive evolution, and identifies the negative influences - the economy’s one-sided orientation, disproportions in regional development, overconcentration of resources in the central region and unequal relationships between the center and province, as well as underappreciation of local self-government’s role, and its lag in development.

Keywords: Urban development, intersectoral interaction, structure of economy, territorial differentiation, inner market, transport infrastructure, city and countryside, budget policies, negative trends, progressive development