DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.12101

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65243

Abstract: The author of the article studies taxable capacities of a region as a reflection of its economic capacity. The author proves that these two capacities are closely connected. The author also provides different definitions of the term ‘taxable capacity’ and a general review of taxable capacity of Dagestan including additional charge of taxes. The researcher also analyzes statistical data provided by the Dagestan Department of the Federal Tax Service regarding the share of tax payments from agricultural activities and describes the importance of this branch in the development of the regional economy. The author offers a classification of different types of economic entities, i.e. taxable businesses in plant growing. The researcher also emphasizes the importance of the single agricultural tax as a special taxation treatment for agricultural producers. The author provides a table of data about the transfer of revenues from this tax into the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and analyzes the taxable capacity by using theoretical and practical sources. The author studies the relation between the two terms, taxable capacity and economic capacity. The data is presented in a form of a table and accompanied with the author’s commentaries and conclusions. The article can be of interest in both theory and practice. The author carries out a comprehensive analysis of the opportunity to increase the taxable capacity of the region and emphasizes the importance of regional tax payments for the sectoral development and intensive economic growth. The author makes conclusions about the role of agriculture in increasing the economic capacity of the region including the author’s analysis of the causes of low indicators of payments made by agricultural producers into the budget, in particular, singular agricultural tax.

Keywords: agriculture, agricultural producers, taxable capacity, economic capacity, investment activity, single agricultural tax, regional budget, intensive development, types of economic entities, sectoral structure.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.12460

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65244

Abstract: When establishing the economy based on market relations, it is necessary to take into account the so-called path dependence (dependence of the development path on the previous development), i.e. economic, social, political and institutional features of the previous economic development. The purpose of the research is to analyze and evaluate the influence of taxes on the economic development of Russia. Theoretical and methodological grounds of the research include theories of economic growth, laws and regulations and other sources of the state government of the Russian Federation. After a long economic decay in 1991 — 1998, GDP volumes started to grow again in Russia and over the period since 1999 till 2008 the average growth rate of GDP achieved 6.9 %. Since 2008 till 2013 economic development of Russia had been generally characterized with the average growth of GDP by 1.7% per year which was however caused by a favorable external economic environment rather than the development of the industry. In order to define the relation between the main macroeconomic indicators, the researcher uses statistical research methods that low to describe peculiarities of the economic growth in Russia over the period since 1996 till 2013. For this purpose the researcher develops regression models. These models allow to find the correlation between the number of employed population, average income and GDP in face value; and the correlation between tax revenues, unprofitability of enterprises and GDP in face value. By analyzing the influence of particular factors on GDP, the researcher has proved the close relation between these indictors and the growth of capital investments, average income and tax revenues (corporate tax, personal income tax, VAT). Therefore, one of the main factors of a long-term economic growth is capital investments. Taking into account limited financial resources of the government and companies themselves, these investments should be encouraged through taxation procedures. In particular, the researcher offers to grant tax rebates for capital investments. According to the researcher, this would stimulate the economic growth of Russia.

Keywords: taxes, development pathway, GDP dynamics, tax incentives, VAT, personal income tax, regression models, economic growth, investment tax rebate.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.11783

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65245

Abstract: Efficient fulfillment and growth of taxable capacity of an agricultural sector of the Russian Federation constituents should be viewed an important factor of the dynamic development of Russian economy. The purpose of the research is to analyze taxable capacity based on the example of the Central Black Earth Economic Region. Noteworthy that over the past few years the Russian economy have been demonstrating high rates of growth of the main macroeconomic indicators which, in its turn, have increased tax revenues into the budget system of the Russian Federation and have had a positive influence on administration of the consolidated and federal budgets of the Russian Federation. According to the author, consistent development of taxable capacities of regions will encourage the growth of their financial independence and increase in the level of their social and economic growth. The methodological basis of the research consists of the fundamental concepts represented in works of Russian and foreign scientists, legislative acts, laws and regulations issued by state authorities, federal law and materials of research and practical conferences touching upon taxation of entities of Russian agricultural sector. In her research the author uses abstract-logical, monographic, statistical-economical and other methods of economic research. Results of the comparative analysis carried out by the author show that the limiting value of the fiscal burden in the agricultural sector depends not only to the amount of cumulative taxation but also on industrial productivity and financial status of a company. Industrial productivity is defined by the volume and structure of expenses, their pay-back period and profit earned which, in many ways, depend on the scope of activity performed by an entrepreneur. Consequently, the exemption limit should be defined taking into account the affiliation of economic entities to a certain branch of industry and associated objective factors such as the volume and structure of expenses and the rate of capital turnover. Therefore, if we want to encourage entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector it is necessary to achieve the efficient application of tax instruments. When defining the exemption limit it is necessary to take into account the cumulative fiscal burden and paying capacities of different economic entities.

Keywords: taxable capacity, agricultural sector, Central Black Earth Economic Region, tax revenues, fiscal capacity, agriculture, taxes payable, VAT, profit (income) tax, single agricultural tax.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.12077

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65246

Abstract: Being an organizational and managerial system of performing tax relations, tax administration includes a number of function and methods that are supposed to guarantee tax revenues into the budget system. At the same time, the terms ‘function of tax administration’ and ‘method of tax administration’ are often confused in research literature which emphasizes the need for more concrete definitions of the aforesaid terms and specification of the meaning of each term. The purpose of the present research article, therefore, is to discover and substantiate the economic substance of tax administration functions and methods and to discuss their application features. In her research T. A. Efremova uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparison, generalization and other research methods. The researcher describes peculiarities of the basic functions of tax administration such as tax planning and prediction, tax regulation and tax control. The researcher also defines the purposes and goals of each function and proves that all these functions are inseparable in the process of tax administration. The researcher also substantiates the main ways and methods of implementation of all functions while balancing the interests of both tax authorities and taxpayers.

Keywords: tax administration, function, method, tax planning, tax prediction, tax regulation, tax control, tax inspections, tax incentives, tax substance.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.12196

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65247

Abstract: The subject under research is the financial relations developing in the process of interaction between tax authorities and taxpayers. The researcher analyzes the status of the Russian Federation in the rating of the ‘Doing Business’ World Bank. The researcher views the dynamics of such indicators as ‘Taxation’ and ‘Company Registration’. The researcher proves that the development of tax interaction in many ways influence the position of a country in the aforesaid World Bank rating. The researcher describes directions for the development of relations between tax authorities and taxpayers. E. V. Nadtochiy studies applicable laws regulating tax policy over the medium term. The methodological basis of the present research is the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding taxes and levies and statistical data about ratings of the ‘Doing Business’ World Bank. In her research E. V. Nadtochiy uses the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction. By analyzing the main directions for the development of tax relations, the author proves the influence of the latter on the rating of the ‘Doing Business’ World Bank. Improvement of quality, acceleration and simplification of revenue procedures, improvement of tax accounting and reporting, elimination of uncertainty, gaps and internal contradictions in tax legislation, creation of on-line services for submitting applications, appeals, requests and documents for state registration, provision of access to information about budget settlements, tax and levy legislation and the course of tax interactions are all have a fundamental importance for investments and development of private business.

Keywords: Doing Business, rating, policy, administration, interaction, tax authorities, taxpayers, World Bank, indictors, dynamics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.12200

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65248

Abstract: Apart from belonging to the same language group, Finno-Ugrian self-governments of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation (the Republic of Mordovia, Mari El and Udmurtia) are all characterized with negative indicators of the economic and demographic development. By the level of the average income, salary and other social indicators all three regions have a rating below average among republics of the Russian Federation and are in a group of outsiders based on their gross regional product, percentage of poor people among the population and the income-to-minimum wage ratio. Taking into account the fact that capitals play the most important role in the regional development, the authors of the present article analyze tax revenues into their budgets in order to assess the level of their financial capacity and whether these capitals can actually be the ‘driving force’ in the development of their regions. This is what makes the analysis of dynamics of tax revenues into the budgets of urban districts — capitals of Finno-Ugrian self-governments in the Volga Federal District so important today. Based on the results of the analysis the authors defined a number of tendencies in dynamics of tax revenues at the analyzed cities including:– the main profitable source of tax revenues is the personal income tax in all three urban districts; — in all analyzed cities the aggregate income tax (single tax on imputed income, single agricultural tax and simplified tax) comes second by their volume and these tax revenues are constantly growing; the relative share of the state tax in the structure of all tax-based budget revenues is rather low compared to the relative share of other federal taxes but comparable to the revenues from local taxes;– the land tax has the largest relative share in the structure of local taxes; and the personal income tax has the minimum share in the structure of tax revenues in all cities being analyzed. Based on the analysis the authors offer particular measures aimed at strengthening financial and economic grounds of the local self-government in the Russian Federation, in particular, to legislatively increase the personal income tax ratio by at least 10 percent; to legislatively assign the local budget share of income tax ratio in the amount of at least 2-3 percent; and to legislatively assign the transport tax ratio for local budgets. The authors also offer directions for the development of the local taxation system.

Keywords: Volga Federal District, municipal unit, urban unit, budget, tax, budget revenue, tax revenues, deduction ratio, local taxation, region.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.12272

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-065X.2014.6.65249

Abstract: The subject under review of the present research article is the legal regulation of the administrative foundation in the Netherlands. The purpose of the research article is to study different types of legal entities in the Netherlands, to consider questions related to the legal regulation of foundations in Holland, to describe the main principles of the administrative foundation’s performance, to study the process of issuance and redemption by the administrative foundation, to analyze the process of taxation of the administrative foundation and to study applicability of a Holland foundation in actual practice for the purpose of international tax planning. The author of the article also discusses the benefits of using the administrative foundation in practice. The main method used by the author when writing the present article was the comparative law method. The author has also used the methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the present research is in the analysis of provisions of the Dutch legislation regulating the performance of the administrative foundation. This instrument is becoming quite popular and therefore needs to be studied. Also worth nothing is that there are very few Russian researches on the matter. The results of the research allow to conclude that STAK is an ideal instrument for possessing and managing assets in case when a holder of assets needs to stay confidential. Apart from that, the administrative foundation can be also used for the following purposes: • simplification of joint-stock companies’ corporate management procedures; • protection against a hostile take-over; • posthumous transfer of assets; • retention of family business; • encouragement of employee rights; • usage of a spe cial purpose company in the process of securitization.

Keywords: foundation, Holland, taxation, legal entity, constitutional document (charter documents), Civil Code, trust, depositary receipt, right of vote, dividends.