DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.23288

Abstract: The subject of the research is the conditions for preventing and correcting the criminal nature of the adolescent's personality defined by the authors as a qualitative and dynamic characteristic of the personality (its variability, susceptibility to correction and correction), the fundamental basis of which is the set of criminogenic qualities of the person and antisocial, illegal motives that cause the tendency of a teenager to choose illegal means to satisfy his desires and needs. Substantially criminogenic orientation is represented by the following parameters: personality characteristics, teen character traits; social relations; representation and subjective attitude to their future.An empirical study was carried out, the main purpose of which was a detailed analysis of the subject of study.The urgency of the work causes the need for early prevention and effective correction of the criminal nature of the adolescent's personality, with the aim of preventing its formation in a sustainable personality formation. There is a clear contradiction between the need of modern society for a law-abiding younger generation and an increase in the growth of juvenile delinquency; Between the need for practice in the theoretical, methodical support of the process of prevention and correction of the criminal situation and the absence of practical recommendations for the implementation of these processes and increasing their effectiveness. The desire to resolve contradictions has determined the problem of research - the identification of the psychological and pedagogical conditions of early prevention and effective correction of the criminal nature of the adolescent's personality.We proceeded from the assumption that early prophylaxis and effective correction of criminogenic orientation is possible when the following psychological and pedagogical conditions are realized: a) a comprehensive study of the personality of adolescents (socio-psychological, individual and personal characteristics); Identification of criminogenic qualities and unlawful, antisocial motives of behavior; B) the formation of an attitude toward a change in criminogenic qualities and unlawful, antisocial motives of behavior; Formation of a positive, value attitude to their future; Optimization of relations with the society (changing the parameters of the crime-oriented nature); C) organization of interaction between specialists of various profiles as subjects of the corrective process.An analysis of the changes in the criminal nature of the adolescent's personality (in the aspect of its constituent components), with the consistent implementation of psychological and pedagogical conditions, was carried out with the help of techniques conducted before and after the implementation of corrective measures: "Diagnostics of propensity to deviant, unlawful behavior" (developed by the Vologda counseling center And humanitarian research "Development"); "Value orientations" M. Rokich, "Assessment of the degree of recognition of guilt" (developed by N. P. Kreidun, E. E. Polivanova, L. N. Yavorovskaya), the Bassa-Darka questionnaire, "Unfinished sentences" (Saks-Levi). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the changes took place, methods of mathematical statistics were used (t - Student's test).The study made it possible to establish that the prevention and correction of the criminal nature of the adolescent's personality will be most effective if the following conditions are met: a) a comprehensive study of the personality of adolescents (socio-psychological characteristics: conflict, hostility, aggression, propensity to violence in relationships with adults and peers, inclination towards Violation of established social norms and rules, etc., and individually-personal: emotional instability, impulsivity, excitability, accentuation x And others); B) the formation of an attitude to change the criminal qualities and illegal, antisocial motives of behavior (awareness of the need to change the negative qualities of the individual, the emergence of desire and willingness to change their behavior, lifestyle); Formation of a positive, value attitude to their future (adequate, objective representation of the future, changing priorities in determining life goals, values); Optimization of relations with the society (reduction of conflict, hostility, aggressiveness in relations, propensity to violence, increase in the level of social adaptation); C) the organization of interaction between specialists of various profiles as subjects of the corrective process (the creative process of jointly solving the problems of adolescents, through the implementation of their individual activities, their content, the main goal: to direct joint actions to create conditions for the development of the personality of the adolescent).Scientific novelty of the conducted research, which does not pretend to be exhaustive, consists in revealing the psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to early prevention and effective correction of the criminal orientation. The practical significance of the study is to enrich the practice of interaction between specialists

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.23289

Abstract: The author builds a current typology of educators with ideological, ethical, methodological and didactic orientation, peculiar to every archetype. Particular attention is paid to the figure of the autocrat. He is the one who rules over himself. For this archetype the independence is more important than the recognition of others. He will never be satisfied by the role of the assistant, and certainly not of the mediator. He does not ask for help from others, and does not impose his own help, which is selective and targeted. If the autocrat gains acceptance, he also becomes an authority. But not every recognition is the evidence of the autocratic fundamental principle: it can be evinced to the dissolved person and stem from the weakness of admirers. Deliberately or not, by distributing the power over him to outside, the autocrat acquires features of the authoritarian personality. That is not necessarily destructive. Possible fear of a liberal philistine is premature. The real help comes to people just from the autocrat – and more often than a real threat. The author’s arguments constructively and critically correlate with the ideas of T. Adorno, G. Bataille, R. Debray, H. Marcuse, F. Nietzsche, M. Polanyi, M. Heidegger, F. Engels, F.G. Jünger and E. Jünger. Significant trends and phenomena found in modern Russian education are evidence of its state of crisis. The education sector is more firmly tied to the monetary social strategy: to the mediation practice and to the dominance of the formal criteria in the evaluation of work and study. In this relation the concept of an innovative decadence is being introduced. Only autocrats can meaningfully resist the negative, can remedy the lie of matters according to the presented reasoning. In correlation with the modern educational situation the author briefly addresses evaluative and stylistic peculiarities of philosophy as a socio-cultural phenomenon and as a subject.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.22518

Abstract: The subject of the research is the types of interpersonal differences (conflict of interests, organisation conflict, activity conflict, conflict of opinions and ideas, personal differences and conflict of vlalues), levels of the conflict (interpersonal, microgroup and group) and conflict types (job and subject oriented conflicts). The object of the research is small production teams represented by companies small in number and primary departments at medium-sized and major organisations or enterprises. Special attention is paid to the relationship between each type of difference taken individually or jointly and variables (levels and types) of the conflict in a group in general and inside informal subgroups. The research involved 42 work teams (334 workers) who were tested using the interpersonal conflict inventory, types of interpersonal conflict inventory and types of group and microgroup conflict inventory. All questionnaries were integrated into a computer testing program 'Group Profile - Universal' using a formalised methd of detecting informal subgroups. Respondents were tested on a PC individually. The results of their tests were processed using the GP-U (M16) method. For the first time in the academic literature the author studies the relationship between different conflict types and conflict variables in a group in general and inside informal subgroups in particular based on the classification of conflicts and a multi-dimension model of intra-group conflict. It was shown that types of interpersonal conflicts have direct links with these or those variables (levels and types) of the conflict in a group and informal subgroups. Generally speaking, types of interpersonal differences are predictors of: (a) interpersonal and group conflicts in a group as a whole, and (b) interpersonal and microgroup conflicts in informal subgroups. Certain combinations of types of differences are also predictors of variables of the conflict. Some types of differences are stronger predictors of conflict variables in a group or subgroup when they are combined rather than separated. The results can be used in practice to predict the appearance and development of these or those conflict variables in a group as well as to manage conflicts through managing differences.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.22407

Abstract: The author focuses on the problem of influence of the personal «image of the world» on the perception and categorization of other people. The purpose of this theoretical research was to analyze interconnections between 'friends' and 'aliens' metaphors and the phenomenon of the 'image of the world'. 'Friends' and 'aliens' metaphors and characteristics of different types of a personal 'image of the world' are the subject of this theoretical research. Results of the empirical research of 'friends' and 'aliens' metaphors in various interpretative repertoires of their perception are demonstrated. The author of the article has used such methods as categorical analysis of metaphors, narrative analysis, and methods of mathematical statistics. For the first time in the academic literature the author conducts a comparative analysis  of interconnections between different interpretative repertoires of perceptions of 'friends' and 'aliens' and personal 'images of the world' of various types. The model of metaphors of various types in interpretative repertoires of perception of 'friends' and 'aliens' as representations of personal 'images of the world' has been explored on the base of the cognitive conception of a metaphor. The results of this research can be of use in solving the applied tasks in psychology of the social cognition, in researches about mechanisms and process of the construction of the images of partners of communication as 'friends' and 'aliens' by an individuals and a group.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.22853

Abstract: The study was sponsored by the Russian President's grant for state support of young Russian scientists and PhDs (MK-7500.2016.6). Industrial safety depends, first of all, on the employee himself or herself, not only his or her attitude to labor protection but also personal traits, feelings and efficiency of psychological self-regulation. The authors believe that locus control is one of the most important personal markers of the personnel psychological safety as a number of researchers (Eysenck, Emelianov, Kostrov, Kotik, Kulagin, Tsgoev, etc.) underline the relationship between them. The article is devoted to the study of the control locus as a personal marker of the psychological safety for oil and gas employees in the Arctic. To achieve this goal, a study was carried out at the oil and gas producing industry with a shift work organization in the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (the duration of the rotation arrival is 30 days). The study involved 70 workers aged 24 to 60 years (the mean age is 38.7 ± 1.3). The work experience of the shifted method varies from 0.5 to 31 years (9.53 ± 1.2). Methods of research are studying documentation, monitoring the work process, questioning, psychophysiological and psychological testing, statistical methods of data analysis. Statistical methods of analysis are descriptive statistics; and multivariate variance analysis. Statistical processing of data was carried out using the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics (licensing agreement No. Z125-3301-14 (SAO named after Lomonosov)). The most important parameters of the control locus, which have a statistically significant relationship with most components of the psychological safety of oil and gas workers in the Arctic, are internality in health and disease, in interpersonal and family relationships, and in the field of failures. It has been revealed that in order to provide psychological safety for oil and gas specialists in shift work organization in Arctic conditions, it is necessary to have a moderate level of externality in the field of failures, and there is a moderate internal locus of control in the field of health and illness, family and interpersonal relations.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.23265

Abstract: The object of the research is the functional reliability of traffic police officers. The subject of the research is the relationship between psychophysical well-being and working capacity of traffic police officers as the factors of trafic police officer's functional reliability determinants (indicators). The author of the article analyzes such aspects of the topic as the algorithm for defining the most important factors of functional reliability for traffic police officers as well as the informational content of these factors and the relationship between them. The author of the article pays special attention to the contents of determinant factors of traffic police officers' functional reliability, analysis of various views and opinions on the matter. In his research the author has used the observation method, tests, survey, as well as hardware facilities to evaluate the level of psychophysical well-being and methods of mathematical statistics. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: psychophysiological well-being and working capacity are determinant fractors of traffic police officers' working capacity; and there is a significant relationship between these factors. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author proves the viability of using new ideas on working capacity and psychophysiological well-being as determinant factors of traffic police officers' functional reliability. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.23102

Abstract: The subject of the research is the adaptative resources of personality in extreme conditions of professional activity demonstrated by penitentiary officers (in terms of their professional identity, resiliency, and subjectively perceived social, psychological and physical well-being). The object of the research is the stress reactions of extreme activity officers (based on the case study of penitentiary officers). The research is based on the concept of the psychology of health and oriented at developing guidelines for preparing health saving and health developing technologies and stress prevention programs to overcome stress reactions experienced in extreme conditions by penitentiary officers. Using the methods of statistical analysis and psychological tests, the authors examine the role of personality traits, life values, and motives for professional activity in the structure of life quality and distress causing factors. The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors view adaptational resources of personality as precipitant factors in the model of stress condition development. As a result of the research, the authors define that penitentiary officers have a developed system of life values. Reliliency, subjective social, psychological and physical well-being viewed by the authors as adaptational resources, do not relate to personal traits of penitentiary officers but relate to one's attitudes to control and desire to lead a productive activity and life. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.23221

Abstract: The subject of the research is the differential particularities of creativity demonstrated by children in normal and crisis situations. The object of the research is the creativity level of minor school children. The research is based on teh following hypothesis: 1) children's creativity is encouraged by combined factors such as their micro-environment and particular conditions children are in; 2) in crisis situations children undergo individual psychological changes of their personality traits (individual factors such as managing cognitive and thinking activity, motor, speech, personal-social and adaptive behavior, self-esteem, visual and verbal thinking, intellect). The research methods include: 1) theoretical methods such as analysis, generalisation and systematisation of theoretical approaches and empirical results described in the academic literature on philosophy, psychology and education; 2) empirical methods such as observation, interview, analysis of activity products, psychological testing using particular methods such as Schur's and Yakobson's 'Stairs' aimed at defining self-esteem of children; Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices aimed at defining the level of visual thinking ability and intellect, the Stars and Waves test allowing to analyze content characteristics of creativity, Torrance test of divergent thinking. 50 children aged 7-10 years old (minor school children) who were in crisis situations and 50 children of the same age who were not in crisis situations were studied. The author has defined statistically significant differences in creativity levels of minor school children in crisis situations and their peers who were in normal situations. This allows to conclude that a crisis situation experienced by a child may actually interfere with a child's personality growth and creativity development as well as cause low self-esteem, decrease in indicators of visual and associative thinking, originality, adaptability, resistance to estrangement and personal growth in general. 

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2017.1.23211

Abstract: The object of the research is the communicative tolerance of students. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of communicative tolerance of students in a multicultural environment. In particular, the author examines the level of students' communicative tolerance, growth dynamics and differences depending on gender, major (pedagogical or non-pedagogical), and age (curricula). The goal is to study communicative tolerance as a personal resource in the system of prevention of extremism in the youth environment. First- and third-year students and first- and second-year Master students participated in the research. The scope of application: the research results can be used in the course of proving and conducting primary prevention against the spread of extremism among students. To implement the goal, the following set of research methods was used: theoretical analysis of information sources on the problem of tolerance; empirical methods such as pilot experiment, testing, and questioning; and methods of mathematical statistics. Gender peculiarities of communicative tolerance are defined, its specificity at different stages of professional growth of students is shown. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors consider communicative tolerance as a personal resource in the system of prevention of extremism in the youth environment, clarify the notions of the level and dynamics of its development in the student age, gender differences and the specifics of manifestation, and influence on the extremist potential of young people. The main conclusion is that at the stage of primary prevention of extremism in the youth environment, it is necessary to rely on communicative tolerance in addition to social resource, creating necessary conditions for its development at the student age.