DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11923

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64211

Abstract: Over the last years there have been a great number of researches devoted to intuition. There is a hypothesis that intuition is not a special form of cognition but the ‘speed reading’, i.e. the fast ‘thinking’ of the thought. However, this point of view isn’t so new. Before Carl Jung’s theory appeared, intuition had been often interpreted as the aid for the analytical activity of human mind. For quite a long time it has been evident that in different majors scientists make their way to discoveries gradually as if they were pricking forward the thought that was still to become more complete or clear. The author of the present research article does not agree to the above mentioned interpretation of intuition. Based on Jung’s concept, he provides additional arguments proving that intuition gives independent access to knowledge and constitutes an important part in the theory of cognitive activity. As a research method, the author uses modern cognitive practices and theoretical concepts these practices are based upon. The author also bases himself on Jung’s teaching about the four functions used by an individual in order to adjust to the reality. The scientific importance and novelty of the topic under review is the statement that intuition cannot be always viewed as the ‘fast thinking’. Originally intuition gives access to the kind of knowledge that can’t be accessed through regular intellectual activity. According to the author, intuitive knowledge has nothing to do with the successive proceeding from one thought to another.

Keywords: psychology, intuition, inspiration, cognition, creativity, gnosis, mind, reason, science, thinking.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.10888

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64212

Abstract: The subject being studied by the author is the social anomia. The purpose of the research is to provide a brief summary of the theories of anomia in terms of social and cultural environment and to analyze these theories in order to make a systematizing table. According to the author, the table would allow to develop triggers and methods for managing different forms of appearance of the studied phenomenon. This, in its turn, will allow to manage social processes. The author states that even though deviant behavior can trigger the evolutionary development of the society, it needs to be confined to certain limits. Analysis of works written by famous scientists as well as analysis of different approaches, terms and their classifications allowed the author to present anomic processes in a form of a summary table accompanied with comments. The scope of application of the research results includes social relations in all groups of people (from small groups to bigger associations including associations at the country level) where intrapersonal, intragroup contacts inevitably occur and solutions of intrapersonal, interpersonal and intragroup conflicts. Today’s Russian society is in the process of transformation which is usually accompanied with social anomia. Absence of standards and destruction of moral principles lead to the collapse of the social order. To maintain a more efficient functioning of the entire corporate state including social relations, it is necessary to develop regulation mechanisms of anomic processes.

Keywords: social anomia, psychological anomia, retreatism, innovation, conformism, rebellion, ritualism, social and cultural dynamics, deviant behavior, suicide.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11392

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64213

Abstract: The author of the present research article makes an attempt to create theoretical grounds for the theory of extremism psychosemantics. Psychosemantics is the branch of psychology that studies the picture of the world of individuals and collective subjects. The phenomenon of extremism is usually associated with studies of the most important components of the system of values and meanings, attitudes and stereotypes that are common in different age and ethnic groups. The author makes an assumption that there is a certain psychological (semantic) structure of the phenomenon of extremism. This structure consists of different types of definitions and categorical structures that ‘classify’ this phenomenon and different forms of the phenomenon at different levels of interaction with a subject or a group. Psychosemantic methods that are used to study the phenomenon of extremism are usually aimed at reenactment of implicit personality theories describing this phenomenon. These methods allow to combine the definition of the studied phenomenon with other definitions and systems of definitions as well as to define and explain the most significant combinations and connections. The scientific important and novelty of the research is the assumption about the existence of the psychological (semantic) structure of extremism that can consist of different types of definitions and categorical structures that ‘classify’ this phenomenon. The author also offers the implicit model of extremism psychosemantics. Conclusions: psychosemantics of extremism allows a more profound research of the essential characteristics of the phenomenon of extremism, in particular, how systems of definitions are presented in different contexts and how they appear at the unconscious and conscious levels in respect to the phenomenon of extremism and forms of extremism.

Keywords: psychosemantics, extremism, picture of the world, implicit personality theories, categorical structures, reconstruction, models, systems of definitions, classification methods, semantic space, mental map.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11493

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64214

Abstract: Modern social culture is full of clichés and communication stereotypes. The nature of communication within the social and cultural environment has become especially important under the conditions of the expansion of electronic interactive mass media. Based on the research of the Russian and English languages, the author of the present research article analyzes idiom as a phraseological unit, established expression and a cultural and social phenomenon that is viewed by the author as the reflection of the national character. This phenomenon is view as a universal of modern everyday communication. The fact that idiom is a popular phenomenon proves that modern societies have a rather stereotyped thinking. Idioms highlight the most acute social issues of everyday life and are used to describe the most important fragments of social and economic reality. In her research article the author describes the experiment on social comuting using the statuses of the dating social network ‘Twoo’ in English and Russian. The author records universal features of phraseologisation and formalization of modern narratives. Certain vocabulary and grammar patterns significantly reduce the time that is usually spent on verbal formulation of ideas (which is, in fact, manifestation of the organism’s functions of defense and adjustment to today’s changing living conditions) that reflects the increasing pace of the change of events in everyday life. The results of the present research can be used during lectures on philosophy of culture and cultural studies. The results of the research were also used to create the data base that was rewarded with the Certificate of the Russian Agency for Patents and Trademarks No. 2013620397 dated March 13, 2013.

Keywords: globalization, everyday life, national character, phraseological unit, idiom, philosophy, communication, universal, social network, formalization.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11424

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64215

Abstract: The subject under review is the philosophical and anthropological interpretation of ‘the world without time’ and ‘time without clocks’ as the ethnopsychological phenomenon and one of the key difference between mentalities of Europeans and Africans who either lead a traditional tribal life style or a lifestyle that is closely related to tribes in the cultural meaning. A bright example of the strong antipathy of Sub-Saharan African native inhabitants towards the European lifestyle is their dislike of clocks and especially watches as devices allowing to control the pace of life of a ‘nature-free’ human. The main research method used by the author was the involved observation in the course of the field and teaching activities carried out by the author in 15 countries of the North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. The scientific importance and novelty of the research is that the author has discovered the dependence of attitudes of traditional Africans towards time on the type of their economic activity and tribal allegiance as well as the level of the development of goods/money relations and the degree of involvement of the population into market relations and administrative institutions.

Keywords: time, present, future, past, life style, tradition, rest, hours, labor, cultural stereotypes.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.10868

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64216

Abstract: The author of the present research article develops the modal character typology (MCT) as one of the deductive character systems. ‘Deductive’ character mean the type of character that is being described based on logical conclusions disregarding whether this type of character has ever been observed in practice or not. The author suggests to base the deductive character typology on the theory of modalities. This is partly due to the increasing interest towards modalities in modern science and attempts to apply the theory of modalities to creation the typology of world outlooks and mental disorders. MCT is based on the theory of modalities offered by A. J. Greimas and the hypothesis about the relation between empiric characters and modalities introduced by V. Rudnev. The author describes the four basic types of characters and introduces the concept of the four-dimensional modal character map. The author also shows that MCT allows to describe empiric characters using the set (vector) of four modality coordinates. This allows to formalize the qualitative approach offered by V. Rudnev and to create the qualitative approach to diagnostics of human character. Clinical types of characters are associated with particular vectors within modality coordinates which allows to prove graphically that clinical characters are close to each other logically. The author also offers a new quantitative feature of the empiric character called ‘modal activity’.

Keywords: psychology, deduction system, diagnostics of character, qualitative criteria, modalities, psychological diagnostics, theory of modalities, typology, character, character analysis.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11451

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64217

Abstract: The authors of the present research article summarize and systematize scientific views on the phenomenon of emotions experienced by women suffering from reproductive malfunction. The authors describe the influence of emotions on women’ reproductive function and provide the results of the empiric research of emotions experienced by 50 women suffering from reproductive malfunction of different genesis: hormonal diseases, malfunction of uterine tubes, recurrent miscarriage, abnormal prenatal development of a child, gynecological diseases of somatic origin (endometriosis, cysts and myomas) and non-gynecological diseases of somatic nature influencing the reproductive function. The results of the research show that women suffering from reproductive malfunction often experience high levels of personal anxiety and situational anxiety. They are included to depression, experience a high level of frustration and have anxious and ambivalent attitudes to getting pregnant and having a child in the future. Based on these results, the authors describe the structure of personal features of women suffering from reproductive malfunction and prove that emotions are the central element in this structure. These emotions are basic and in many ways determine women’s quality of life and efficiency of their treatment and rehabilitation. According to the authors, if we take into account their emotions, it will improve the process of psychological assistance of women suffering from reproductive malfunction.

Keywords: psychology, emotions, reproductive malfunction, personality structure, stress, depression, frustration, anxiety, sterility, style of experiencing pregnancy, attitude to pregnancy.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11503

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64218

Abstract: The article is devoted to the process of socialization of primary school students. The author of the article analyzes the main aspects of personality socialization both at school and in the process of teaching. The author also provides a brief description of scientific concepts lying in the basis of the research of the socialization process at elementary school. Due to the reforms based on the Bologna process, elementary school education has undergone significant changes both in teaching methods and organization. After the Federal State Educational Standards of the second generation appeared, the process of education is growing more focused on versatile development of personality and discovery of a child’s own abilities and talents. Special attention is paid to particular features of the development of junior schoolers, formation of their logical thinking and abstract thinking. It is also necessary to note that family plays a very important role in the process of socialization and formation of the effective adjustment strategy of a child to his school and family life. The author underlines that only the interaction of the two social institutions, family and school, will allow to an elementary school student to experience the socialization processes without serious psychological problems and traumas.

Keywords: teaching, socialization, Bologna process, junior (primary) school students, personality development, modern elementary primary school, problems of elementary education, teaching methods, personality socialization, schoolers.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11751

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64219

Abstract: In Russia over 7 million of people suffer from bronchial asthma. The medical and social role of this disease is highly significant. The wide spread of the disease among people of working age, high death risk and increasing disability of patients make bronchial asthma a social suffering. The main goal of treating of people sick with bronchial asthma is teaching patients to control and observe their disease. People sick with asthma attend classes at so called ‘Asthma School’. Asthma Schools have been taught in our country for over 20 years. However, the level of knowledge of patients about their disease is still low and they can’t observe and control their disease themselves. The purpose of the present research is to develop recommendations for pulmonary specialists and therapists on teaching patients with bronchial asthma to control their disease. The recommendations are based on the results of studying psychological qualities of patients and causes of their fears. The research involved 127 patients suffering from bronchial asthma including 62 males and 65 females. The respondents were tested by the standard clinical methods such as the SMIL test and the questionnaire developed by the author for studying causes of particular fears experienced by patients. According to the results, particular fears of patients suffering from bronchial asthma are mostly caused by their inability to control the disease, to deal with asthma attacks and a low level of knowledge about the disease in general. Based on the analysis of psychological qualities of patients with bronchial asthma, the author develops recommendations for a pulmonary specialist on how to teach at the Asthma School. According to the author, it is very useful to maintain good relations with a patient and to teach him particular algorithms of actions. A patient must also keep the self-observation notes (diary). Then a patient and a doctor analyze what causes asthma attacks.

Keywords: bronchial asthma, ‘Asthma School’, psychological assistance, emotions, fear, disability, defense mechanisms, behavior, personality disorders, rationalization.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.11515

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2014.4.64220

Abstract: The subject under review is the delusion of Karamazov and the image of devil seen by Ivan. In this regard, the author analyzes different views that exist in critical literature on the matter perceiving Karamasov’s devil as a metaphysical ‘guest’ from the Hell or a personified part of Karamazov’s personality appearing in his delusive imagination; medical explanation of Ivan Karamazov’s psychological state based on Dostoevsky’s disease, interpretation of Ivan’s delusions based on the psychological analysis of Ivan’s features, interpretation of Ivan Karamazov as a rebel, sinner and atheist who eventually suffered from the split personality disorder; interpretation of the devil as the vaudeville hero and discovery of the neomyphilogism phenomenon and the ‘twinism’ motive. The research method used by the author consists of different types of analyses that complete one another including historical, ethical and philosophical, psychological, literary and comparative analysis. The scientific importance and novelty of the research is the creation of the author’s conception of Ivan Karamazov’s mental disorder. According to the author, trying to find answers to the global questions, Ivan Karamazov, in fact, lived in his own world of ideas and constant ‘fight with God’ (E. Soloviev’s expression). The author shows that Ivan lived in the ‘being-for-himself’ and this is why, despite his nervousness, he could understand the ‘guest from the Hell’ quite well and had arguments on ethics and philosophy with him. This is quite a new approach to the question and the author makes the conclusions based on this approach. The author concludes that Karamazov’s emotional and psychological state can be defined as the manifestation of the ‘human-devil’ binary archetype that appeared as a result of Ivan’s transcendency ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ and therefore it is not a pathology but an acute deviation of his mind explicated by Dostoevsky for the purpose of a better expression of alternative images in one’s self.

Keywords: Fyodor Dostoevsky, the Karamazov Brothers, Ivan Karamazov, psychological analysis of the main hero, the image of the imp/devil, disorder and delusion, spiritual world of a human, human’s soul, twin, demonism, ‘twinism’.