DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9413

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63109

Abstract: Human psyche is constantly triggering the humanization process. We see the image of human on earth, in the sky and at sea. This is why, if we are to proceed from the general anthropological theory but not only considerations brought up by the philosophy of television, it can be stated that human is needed to be there on the screen, too. Scenery, props and reproduced copies of impersonal information would not dominate over our need to see a human face on screen. This is the magic of personification… The author of the article shows that this is not just our fancy but true passion and desperate need. It might be even our deep need as humans and a universal feature of all homo sapiens. But would it be right to view it as a distinguishing feature of humankind? What if there are other features and qualities which are no less important? Many philosophers including Schopenhauer, Jaspers, Fromm and others tried to understand the nature of human needs. The article outlines the main human needs, in particular, the need of survival, personal safety (self preservation) and reproduction. Important things indeed. We would never think of personification if we are under the threat of hunger, death or natural disaster. It is absolutely correct. On the other hand, the self preservation instinct is also typical for all animals. According to Schopenhauer, the need in food and sexual needs are quite natural and singular for only human.

Keywords: psychology, personification, identification, information, human, feeling, psyche, anonymity, character, assimilation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.7475

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63110

Abstract: The article describes the history of formation of Renaissance symbolic fields based on Michel Foucault dispositive conceptualization and original theory of epistemogenesis developed by the author. The author outlines dispositive strategies, psychotechnics and semiotic processes connecting Renaissance creators and ‘ordinary’ people. The author also describes the system of dispositive transformations as a result of changes in the internal contents of the ‘renovation’ symbol during X–XVI centuries. Acting as an epistemic item endowed with a semantically complicated cultural implant, the ‘renovation’ symbol brings to life a heterogeneous series of dispositives which, in their turn, create psychocultural phenomena known as ‘Renaissance’, ‘Reformation’, ‘humanism’ and ‘social utopia’. Based on the two parts of the ‘renasci’ symbol, the author discusses their differentiations in spiritual practices at the late Middle Ages which result in division of the ‘renovation’ dispositive into ‘renaissance’ and ‘reformation’. It is shown that historical processes are most likely to happen via dispositive genesis but not cultural shift. A series of dispositive transformations describes the psychocultural movement of the Renaissance epoch and explains why it happened that way but not another.

Keywords: psychology, psychotechnics, Christianity, dispositive, epistemic item, Renaissance, Reformation, humanism, social utopia.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.8111

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9425

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63111

Abstract: The role of psychology is considerably changing in the modern world. The birth of the new civilization creates numerous problems which cannot be understood or corrected without psychology. Extraordinary pace of social and cultural transformations, inability of many people to adjust to new realities, disintegration of identity (i.e. one’s ability to form a correct image and perception of himself), discovery of new anthropological (i.e. typical for only human) features — all that brings psychology to the forefront of modern humanitarian science. We are witnessing some kind of a psychological boom. The number of psychology books being published is constantly increasing. The scope of psychological science is expanding, too. Today psychology is taught at all state and private universities. Nowadays, psychology is needed in the spheres of business and management, politics and environmental protection, economics and sport, law and advertising, education and up-bringing. Transpersonal (integral) psychology is developing fast. Political psychology, psychology of extreme situations, economic psychology and sport psychology are making themselves known, too. Standards of psychological education don’t catch up with the rapid expansion of the scope of psychological science.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, psychoanalysis, integral psychology, psyche, personality, knowledge, practice, mind, psychological boom.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9126

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63112

Abstract: The article studies the connection between smoking and obsessions. The author assumes that smoking relates to obsession through death instinct. The author of the article states that there are the two opposite processes ongoing in human inner world, hysterical and compulsive. The former is realized through difference and the latter is realized through repetition. Nature (the hysterical) mostly represents itself as repetition and culture (the compulsive) represents itself as the difference. But nature and culture cannot exist without one another. Repetition without difference is a psychic death and difference without repetition is a natural irresponsibility of organic life. According to the author, smoking allows to realize these two processes as a disjunctive synthesis of hysteria and obsession in a creative way. However, it is important to quit smoking in order to realize one’s creative potentials apart from death instinct.

Keywords: smoking, obsessions, death, love, creative work, hysteria, nature, culture, difference, repetition.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.8310

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63115

Abstract: The article describes components of rationality and their influence on the process of succession of values. Today, when the experience of previous generations is not used in the new information progressive reality and general orientation of humankind at technology and rational thinking, succession of values is becoming an important issue. Influence of rationality on succession of values is shown mostly through understanding of values by mind. It is explained that, despite a common opinion that the reason and rationality are the same things, in the process of knowledge the reason means understanding of the irrational part of the process of succession of values, i.e. the relationship between bearer and successor, their willingness to give and to accept, the same level of values and trust towards authoritative figures. The author also discovers the restricting influence of rational thinking on the process of succession of values by describing the tendency towards fast results and rational agreement on their needs. It is shown that a rationalist’s orientation at immediate result and material needs reduces the need in preservation and transfer of knowledge between generations.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, succession, values, personality, society, rationality, reason, benefit, irrational.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9129

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63113

Abstract: The present article of a famous American analyst John Rosegrant is devoted to the analytical review of leading theorists and practical psychoanalysts Bion, Jung and Freud. The author aims at finding similarities and differences in their works. In particular, he writes that Bion and Jung both prefer the romantic/collectivist’s approach to therapy and deny the classical/individual approach. On the other hand, Freud tried to use both. The author of the article himself keeps up to Bion and Jung’s approach. Bion and Jung believed that the romantic method used in therapy could provide more opportunities for a patient to get out of stagnation and trigger his self improvement. Freud just like Bacan insisted that it was essential to combine both approaches both in one’s life and psychotherapy. Part of the article is devoted to Jung’s archetypes who believed the archetype to be an independent, spontaneous source of energy that existed in the reality and resembled ‘the gods’. Freud and Jung both thought that the gods (archetypes) were created by projections of one’s spirits (psyche). While Freud believed the gods to be projection of one’s desire and fear, Jung believed them to be super-personal force that does not relate to one’s personal experience but is created by psyche.

Keywords: psychoanalysis, Bion, Jung, Freud, therapy, analyst, patient, archetypes, free associations, collective unconscious.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63114

Abstract: The author of the article makes an attempt to alight philosophical and, most of all, ethical issues related to anorexia, bulimia and their treatment. Based on Cimona Giordano’s book ‘Understanding eating disorders: conceptual and ethical issues in the treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa’, the author of the present article offers an unusual solution of the issue concerning restrictions of such patients’ autonomy. The author provides facts proving that cognitive defects such patients might have do not restrict their autonomy and therefore, Giordano’s opinion that the principle of plain paternalism can be applied to their therapy is rather biased. Generally, the author keeps up to the opinion that unconscious adoption of particular values is one of the factors of anorexia and bulimia (transedential values and overcoming the mother’s claims that a woman must be thin). The author also points out the non verifiable nature of values (which was not considered by Giordano) and therefore impossibility to regard patients’ values as ‘non-correct’ and unauthentic and to use the principle of paternalism. The author makes a conclusion that freedom of patients suffering from anorexia and bulimia must not be restricted because their free will and a right to act how they want are very important for therapy and treatment of eating disorders.

Keywords: psychiatry, anorexia, bulimia, ethics, paternalism, autonomy, values, reasoning, information, correctness.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.9154

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63117

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of training counseling psychologists and describes aims and targets of their education. The author of the article analyzes stages and conditions of psycholog8ical education and describes Russian and foreign approaches to teaching counseling psychology. From the point of view of the general science, psychological assistance means the sphere and form of activity aimed at helping a person or a community to solve diverse problems created as a result of one’s life in a society. Psychological assistance is emotional, axiological and existential support of a person or a community in difficult situations arising in the course of their personal or social being. Professional identity of a psychologist reduces the distance between the ‘Functional Self’ and ‘Existential Self’, decreases anxiety and increases one’s personal potentials and becomes a condition and a stimulus for further personal growth and identity formation. One’s cognition defines his existential and social views. The ‘technological’ level of the described model determines the personal level and the latter returns one’s personal ‘Self’ to the role image of profession. Being absorbed in professional issues and methods, a psychological applies these or those conceptions, methods (technics) to himself and, in the course of this professional and personal improvement, returns from his ‘Existential Self’ to ‘Functional Self’ and achieves the desired professional and personal identity.

Keywords: pedagogy, education, program, training, activity, counseling, approach, teaching, assistance, person.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.7761

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2013.8.63116

Abstract: The article offers definitions of the following theoretical approaches to prevention of antisocial behavior of school students: preventive, system, activity-based and holistic approaches. Based on the general idea of anticipation, each approach is described according to the main goals and concept of preventive activities. Apart from these main approaches, the model developed by the author also requires particular goals and tasks enabling realization of the most important theoretical targets of the preventive activity paradigm. The author also describes the main types and forms of psychological sessions based on described approaches.

Keywords: prevention, anticipation, preventive, system, activity, holistic, approach.