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Abstract: Eros is a t ypical feature of human nature but in each destiny and culture it is reflected in its own way. Some people stay abstinent all their life and transform their sexual energy into romantic feelings. Others abandon themselves to passion. Even innocent ones know what the passion is. Those who enjoy their desires still dream about romantic adoration. We can devote ourselves to God but still experience earthly obsession. Devilish infusions make us tremble but we find ourselves in true love. We know about fancies of passion but figure out that passion has no limits.

Keywords: psychology, passion, Eros, sensuality, demonism, culture, feeling, obsession, de Sade, Lacan.

Abstract: One of the deepest human needs described by Fromm is his aspiration to be like the object of admiration. When an individual happens to be in the world of mysterious things and phenomena, he is simply unable to understand the purpose and meaning of his being. This is why he needs the orientation system which would allow him to identify himself in comparison with a well-known ideal.

Keywords: psychology, defense mechanism, phenomenon, identification, human, stage, crisis, manipulation, life cycle, socialization.

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Abstract: The article is devoted to the personal development of a young man as a social subject of cogitation and activity. The author of the article reveals views of philosophers and modern scientists on social activity of personality and formation of a personal life path. Meaning of life is viewed as the highest integrative purpose of human and axiological grounds for the level of development of personal vitality.

Keywords: psychology, society, human, object, subject, value, activity, meaning, culture.

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Abstract: The article is devoted to a special phenomenon associated with modern culture — loss of transcendental experience. The author believes that axiological vacuum and absence of spirituality is the result of destruction of transcendental world or, as Heidegger says, ‘overgrowth of transcendental path’. The author also traces back the history of this process that is related to the unspelled world, expansion of the scientism consciousness, life pragmatism and secularization of religious experience.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, transcendental, spirituality, loss of the meaning of life, existential vacuum, values, scientism, religious faith, numen.

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Abstract: Achievement of mature female sexuality, unlike male sexuality, assumes successful completion of the two contradictory tasks –separation from mother and final identification with her as the image of fertility. Different variants of female development within the conditional norms show what difficulties a girl has to deal with in order to achieve the aforesaid integration. In personal pathology that is related to the phenomenon of infantile sexuality such ontological purpose becomes literally impossible without psychoanalytical assistance. Difficulties and peculiarities of the process of achieving femininity as well as future perspectives depend on parameters of the mother’s behavior. On one hand, pathological patterns of the mother-and-daughter relationship cause various personality disorders and on the other hand they also define the specific structure of female sexuality. The author of the present article views stages of female sexuality from the point of view of development of the erotic desire and the mother’s contribution to formation of the structure. When a woman uses her mature and capable of reproduction body, she may also realize her infantile needs under the guise of pseudo adult sexual behavior. The author of the article describes the two pathological phenomena of female sexuality — promiscuity and anorgasmia — and their relation to narcissistic, hysterical and masochism personality disorders as a part of distorted love relations.

Keywords: psychology, sexuality, femininity, relations, erotic desire, promiscuity, anorgasmia, narcissism, hysteria, masochism.

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Abstract: Today, when such terms as social constructivism, perspectivism and intersubjectivity are becoming popular in psychoanalysis, the concept of objectivity loses its importance. Nevertheless, the author of the given article believes that the concept of objectivity has a rather important meaning or psychoanalysis and psychoanalysis can and must survive the opposition between modernistic and post-modernistic points of view. Very often researchers underestimate the relation between the term ‘objectivity’ and the term ‘object’. Position of an analysist as an object exterior to consciousness or patient’s subjectivity is a very comfortable position. Patient’s unconscious motivations are usually more accessible when an analyst studies the patient’s reaction towards the ‘object’. And even though an analyst cannot go beyond the borders of intersubjectivity, part of such intersubjectivity creates a perspective outside the patient’s intersubjectivity.

Keywords: psychology, p sychoanalysis, o bjectivity, i ntersubjectivity, m entalization, r eflexive p roperty, t ransference, countertransference, perspectives, object relations.

Abstract: Even though there are many forms of teaching as well as many universities and institutes in modern Russia, teaching and up-bringing children and control over these processes still remain the main tasks. The given article describes the main tendencies and views on the problem of assessment of junior schoolchildren’s educational activity, provides definition of pedagogical assessment and specifies conditions for formation of a motivational and operational components of pedagogical assessment as well as lists the main principles of such assessment.

Keywords: pedagogy, teaching, activity, junior schoolchildren, skills, component, assessment, principles, problem.

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Abstract: The article is devoted to the discussion of peculiarities of historical development of Russian child psychoanalysis in 1920- 1930th. Studying the historical archives, the author analyzes the process of formation of psychoanalytical knowledge about a child in Russian psychology at the beginning of XX century. The results of the study cover a great number of issues topical for modern psychologists and psychoanalysts working with children as well as fill in gaps in Russian child psychoanalysis.

Keywords: psychology, history of psychology, child psychoanalysis, psychoanalytical development, Institute of Child, International Solidarity Orphanage, I. D. Ermakov, S. N. Spielrein, V. F. Schmidt, M. V. Woolf.

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Abstract: Psychologists have paid attention at adventurous and spontaneous nature of human behavior. Risk is a constant companion of history. As the Chairman in Pushkin’s the City of the Plague says, ‘there is ravishment in a fight, abyss and enraged ocean’. This human ability to go towards danger and death and look for special energy and adrenaline may seem unnatural. But in the long run, it is not only extreme sports or extreme situations or catastrophes which are accompanied with risk. Risk penetrates all spheres of human life, their consciousness and behavior.

Keywords: psychology, risk, extreme situations, society, consciousness, stereotype, value, behavior, human, motivation.

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Abstract: The author of the article views the psychological and spiritual reasons of fear and phobias. The author describes the method of achieving the altered state of consciousness during which one can carry out psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection and psychotherapy of negative emotions on his own. The main characteristics of the altered state of consciousness include: the depth of the state, energy consumption and carrying capacity that is the quantity of energy an individual can accept and give away. The author believes that when reaching the altered state of consciousness, the individual also achieves a new level of consciousness that stimulates self-knowledge, psychological correction and psychotherapy. In such a state a person can receive information about his physiological and psychic processes from himself. The purposes of the given study include: a) describe the process of perception and experience of fear during the altered state of consciousness; b) study possibilities of such states for psychological diagnostics, psychocorrection and psychotherapy of personal fears. The tasks include: a) study the variety of combined methods of setting, concentration, suggestion, autosuggestion and hypothesis for the purpose of achieving the altered state of consciousness; b) learn to control negative emotions in the altered states of consciousness and apply this experience to real life. The topic of the research is the emotion states, in particular, fear and its datives. The author also develops an integrative method of teaching and self-knowledge. Conclusions: the given method allows to study our psychic processes, states and dynamics of our personal qualities on our own. Such a method has a therapeutic effect and harmonizes one’s psychosomatic state, develops and fixes a whole range of positive personal qualities: patience, calm and responsibility for one’s words and actions.

Keywords: psychology, psyche, altered state of consciousness, self-consciousness, psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection, psychotherapy, phobias, personality, fear.