Abstract: The author of the article describes how the basic psychoanalytical conceptions were formed, including the unconscious aspiration for death and life, natural aggression and the war as a social phenomenon of expression of human aggressive impulses.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, psychoanalysis, death, life, aggression, culture, Freud

Abstract: The problem of ethics is viewed by the world literature from different points of view. It is usually studied as a social and cultural phenomenon. However, the history of world philosophy represents other approaches as well. In particular, I. Kant interpreted ethics from the point of view of philosophical anthropology. The author of the article tries to further develop Kant’s views on the matter.

Keywords: philosophy, ethics, philosophical anthropology, philosophy of life, modern culture, history, values, human, world

Abstract: The article is devoted to the medical systems of the West and the East and their philosophy. It is shown that modern Western medicine is oriented at studying the structure elements of human body. It is well expressed in a detail study of anatomical structures, surgery, most accurate dosing of medicine and ‘refinement’ of active substances. Tibetan medicine is oriented at studying qualitative features of reality phenomena such as materia which is represented in so-called ‘mahabhutas’ (‘great elements’ as the Greeks used to call them) and which are used to describe the medicine and diseases. It is expressed in valuation and prognosis of influence of environment on a human organism, biorhythmology and etc.

Keywords: psychology, Oriental philosophy, Buddhism, history, Tibetan medicine, Western medicine, great elements, structures, features, mahabhutas

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Abstract: This is the translation of the first three chapters of Alfred Adler’s work ‘Knowledge of People’. There Adler talks about a special discipline in science, - knowledge of people as he calls it, - and also about human soul, social peculiarities of a spiritual life and inferiority complex, the latter being the natural result of human socialization, as Adler sees it.

Keywords: psychology, knowledge of people, Adler, human, society, child, inferiority complex

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Abstract: This article is an attempt to reveal the general features and principal differences between an image and a symbol. Karen Swassjan’s views on the difference between an image and a symbol are still very valuable. However, the author believes there is an opportunity to put a more concrete demarcation between these two concepts. It becomes especially obvious if we look upon these concepts from the point of view of not only culture and esthetics but also psychology.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, image, symbol, reality, schematism, concept, metaphora, culture, myth

Abstract: Based on the materials of Antique, Middle Age, Revival of Learning and New Time the author of the article describes how teaching ideas developed. The author underlines the connection between up-brining and teaching. Special attention is paid at Plato’s conception.

Keywords: psychology, education science, human, personality, up-bringing, humanism, justice, consciousness, subjectivity

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Abstract: The article reveals the phenomenon of feminity (Z. Freud’s, M. Klein’s, F. Dolto’s, K. Deutsch’s and S. Rado’s ideas), peculiarities of a psychosexual development of a girl and the problems of attainment of feminity.

Keywords: psychology, feminity, sexuality, the Oedipus complex, delight, attachment, desire, phantasies, narcissism, envy

Abstract: This article is devoted to methodological grounds of preliminary tolerance of retired officers to extreme situations during professional military activities. Based on peculiarities of professional activity of a mobilization reserve the author proves the topicality of the study of preliminary tolerance of a retired officer to extreme situations. The mentioned above study is based on a human- centered paradigm and related general scientific approaches to a research: personal-activity, axiological, subjective humanitarian and spiritual approaches.

Keywords: psychology, preliminary tolerance, professional military activity, military training, retired officer, system of values, patriotism, morals, spirituality, military duty, extreme situations

Abstract: The article considers stages of formation of sexual representations of children of preschool age. The author describes the primary goals of sex-role education of children of preschool age and reveals the topicality of a research of the question of formation of sexual identity in all periods of a child’s development.

Keywords: psychology, social, identity, sex, child, factor, sex-role, study, formation, development

Abstract: Is it true that a fear can conquer anyone without exception? Does it actually have an all-pervading power? Is it actually that deep abyss swallowing up people and nations? And finally, can we actually conquer this feeling or are we doomed to ever drag the chains of terror? Fear accompanies certain epochs in history and forms of people’s social life. There are obvious grounds to suspect that in the course of the universal cosmic evolution human will face new mysteries which will evoke strong emotions and fear in him.

Keywords: psychology, philosophy, fear, psyche, terror, human, nightmare, fantasies, mind

Abstract: The authors studied personality changes of participants of combat activities in the context of a difficult interaction between trauma and a personality with a social environment. From the point of view of PTSD the problem of personality is viewed at the three levels: pre-traumatic personal traits, intra-traumatic personality disorders and post-traumatic personality disorders. It is underlined that a personality disorder is an indicator of severity of PTSD. It is shown that a traumatic influence can cause not only certain PTSD symptoms but also personality disorders. According to the authors, the core of a ‘new’ personality suffering from PTSD is an unfriendliness and suspiciousness to the world around, the feeling of emptiness and helplessness, constant feeling of alienation; high level of anxiety and low level of a subjective control. The authors also described posttraumatic changes of personality.

Keywords: psychiatry, combating stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, pre-traumatic personal traits, intra-traumatic personality disorders, post-traumatic personality disorders, personal accentuations, personal transformation, social environment

Abstract: This is a summary of selected articles ‘Psychoanalytical Conceptions of Psychosexuality’. According to the author of the summary the articles allow us to understand one of the most significant and fundamental teachings, - the psychoanalytic teaching about psychosexuality.

Keywords: psychology, psychoanalysis, sexuality, psychosexual development, neurosis, libido, sublimation