Abstract: Review: the author is talking about the ‘norm’ and ‘pathology’ in connection with such psychological occurrences as ‘personality’ and ‘character’. The author defined the terms ‘character’, ‘personality’, ‘harmonious’ and ‘abnormal’ personalities. He also stressed out how subjective and controversial it was to distinguish the norm from the pathology. Key words: psychology, norm, pathology, personality, character, abnormal personality, harmonious personality

Abstract: Review: the article is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of power from the point of view of history and philosophy. Special attention is paid at the conception of power mania suggested by Adler. The author also underlined philosophical and anthropological aspects of the problem. The article contains a brief review of modern conceptions of power. Key words: philosophy, psychology, power mania, ambition, will to power, political philosophy, personality, dominance, submission, politics, passion

Abstract: Review: the author studied how mathematical models had been used in psychology in order to formalize description of psychic phenomena based on the features studied. The author viewed the factors proving the need to change mathematical models in psychology. It is shown that dynamic and statistical regularities used for formalization of psychic processes are quite limited. Successful appliance of mathematical models in psychology depends on adequate understanding of the content of psychic reality. Key words: psychology, mathematical models of psychic phenomena, form and content, time interval, the feature studied, continuity rule, description by manifestation, theoretical definition

Abstract: Review: According to N. A. Bervyaev, starting from the 19th century the European minds have been “detracting” a human. When saying so, Berdyaev referred to the decline of the Enlightenment conception of an ‘ideal human’ and meant that psychologists and philosophers of those times more focused on negative, pathological features of human nature. Art is an especially bright example of such a tendency. Key words: psychology, human nature, individual, personality, art, the split-up nature of human existence, pathographics, unconsciousness, insanity

Abstract: Review: the article is focused on the phenomenon of human nature. The Enlightenment conception is compared to new philosophical and anthropological concepts. Special attention is paid to irrational nature of a human being. Key words: philosophy, human, personality, rationality, irrationality, mind, unconsciousness, memory, individual

Abstract: Review: the author has paid attention at the fact that there is much lying in our everyday life. Sometimes lies don’t even have any grounds and seem to be a strange obsession. Viewing lies as a psychological phenomenon, the author at the same time focused on very useful classes of personal growth held at Professor P. S. Gurevich’s laboratory. The author studied a student’s self-report where the student talked about how her world perception had changed during her classes at Professor Gurevich’s lab. Key words: psychology, personal growth, individual, lies, legal awareness, morals, virtue, deception

Abstract: Review: understanding a human genius shouldn’t be a goal in and of itself. Studying the genius is just an attempt to look at timeless issues with the eyes of genius people who revealed “the invisible” through an insight. Being very unpredictable and extraordinary, the phenomenon of genius has often provoked various readings and even idle speculation. Key words: psychology, creative work, creativity, talent, giftedness, genius, spirituality, up-bringing, self-actualization

Abstract: Review: the article presents a point of view on specific development of habitus. The point of view is based on the conception of several protopersonalities combined in one person at early stages of his development. It is shown how forms of conquering nature and types of communication change depending on development of morals. With time the latter undertakes the role of a protopersonality. The author also showed how development of personality depended on development of society, from living in a tribe to moving to a city and forming an independent state with a government. Key words: psychology, habitus, protopersonality, institution, norms, social, moral, personality, society, spirits

Abstract: Review: the presented work is a reviewing translation of an article by David Smillie ‘Sociobiology and Human Culture’, professor at New College of the University of South Florida. Smillie’s article can be of great interest to a professional reader since it contains a very useful idea allowing to take a new look at origination of some adaptive cognitive abilities in phylogenesis. For instance, comments of the translator show how that idea could be used in interpreting the logic of language formation. Key words: philosophy, culture, language, information, evolution, phylogenesis, ontogenesis, origin, adaptation, species

Abstract: Review: Emotions experienced by the citizens of Hiroshima are a part of the experience of all humans. We all fear a nuclear ‘Holocaust’. The author described specific psychological components of that fear from the point of view of the general psychology of survival. Key words: psychology, human, suffering, catastrophe, death, fear, experience, emotion, bodily, psychic

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