Politics and Society - rubric People and work

Abstract: The subject of this research is the theoretical-methodological approaches towards studying the risks. In broad sense of the work, risk implies threat, occurrence of damage, failure, possible losses including financial. Various research understand risk as the process (process of choosing alternatives), activity (in uncertain situation), event that can lead to some losses. Special attention is given to the risks emerging in social and labor sphere, at the job market. The research method lies in systematized comparison of the sociological concepts of risk that have been gradually establishing within the Western sociology, their genesis and historical evolution. Risk as the subject of study represents a quite complicated concept that requires using the complex approach, methods of statistics, economics, mathematical theory of probability, theory of decision-making, psychological and sociological methods. The level of risks, including in social and labor sphere, is strongly differentiated according territorial logic. Particular place is held by the regions located in dangerous natural conditions, for example Arctic and Northern regions.

Keywords: Region, Unemployment risk, Professional risk, Risk society, Sociological approach, Psychological approach, Rationalist approach, Social and labor sphere, Social risk, Risk

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2018.7.26724

Abstract: The subject of this research is the social-labor mobility of migrants from the former Soviet Republics on the territory of Vladimir Region. Adaptation of the newcomers in the Russian Federation is one of the paramount socioeconomic problems. The annual reduction of labor resources in majority of the Russian regions leads to the need for workforce replenishment by the means of outsourcing. Within the framework of this study, the author considered the following questions: adaptation of the newcomers to work and residency in Vladimir Region; main information sources on the future labor activity; level of content with the provided work conditions and prospects of realization of the social-labor mobility in the region. The analysis of statistical indexes and questionnaire-based survey were applied in the course of this research. The sociological survey in form of questionnaire captured the work migrants from the various countries of post-Soviet space that legally resided in the region. The acquired data allows concluding on the presence of fairly well organized channels of attracting the migrants, because the majority of them come to an already prepared job place. Despite the experienced difficulties, most of the respondents are satisfied with the social-labor conditions and demonstrate a desire to continue working in the region.

Keywords: labor conditions, sociological research, labor migration, social adaptation, labor mobility, social mobility, labor market, region, social-labor relations, migrants

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2018.11.27249

Abstract: The subject of this research is the social and labor mobility of population of Vladimir Oblast in the conditions of 2014-2015 crisis. The introduction of sanctions, devaluation of the Russian ruble led not only to escalation of the international climate and actual drop in personal income, but also the job market instability. The article examines the impact of crisis on the people’s professional fulfillment, determines the rate of negative influence on the quality of people’s life in form of the loss of employment, and earnings reduction. The main research method is the public opinion polling, which involved residents of different age and gender in majority of the municipal formations of the region. The acquired results allow making a conclusion on the prevalence of negative impact of the crisis on the social and labor mobility of population of Vladimir Oblast, as well as identifying the age group that suffered the most from the economic downfall. The age range of this population group is fairly wide – from 25 to 55 years old. The analysis of gender specificity underlines that the male population faced salary reductions more often and had to seek additional earnings, while the females were willing to take the lesser paying jobs. Although, on some part of the population the crisis had a positive effect. The male population demonstrated bigger chances to top up their qualification and get a higher-paid job than the female population or the age group from 25 to 34.

Keywords: employment terms, sociological research, labor mobility, social mobility, salary, labor market, region, reeducation, wage rates, extra work

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2021.4.35895

Abstract: This article explores the ability of wooden sculptures and objects to influence the psycho-emotional state of a person. It is noted that the gradually expanding gap between man and nature, reflected in rapid development of the large cities and transition of the natural factor therein shifts to the background, generates fundamentally new problematic research and applied field, which requires the creation of operational mechanisms to relieve the escalating tension in a situation of alienation from nature. One of the latest achievements of the European Scientific Community is reference to this topic as the nature deficit disorder, as well as the emerging attempts to solve this issue via natural therapies – specific methods of interaction between man and nature. The article traces and analyzes the possibility of using wooden sculpture as one of instruments for stabilization of psycho-emotional and physical state of a person through interaction with natural material of laconic and natural forms. Thus, the creation of wooden sculptures and their inclusion in training, educational and rehabilitation programs testifies to the characteristics of wooden sculpture as an affordable and effective therapeutic instrument.

Keywords: urban space, arts and crafts, environmental psychology, works of art, nature deficiency syndrome, artistic woodworking, wooden sculpture, ecotherapy, art therapy, megalopolis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.9.7501

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2024.1.69060

Abstract: The object of research is staff turnover as a socio-economic phenomenon, the subject is the construction of an effective algorithm for managing it in an industrial enterprise. The authors identify the nature of staff turnover at the level of analysis of the causes of this phenomenon. Staff turnover is presented in the article as a multifaceted social phenomenon that has not only purely economic and managerial, but also psychological and general social aspects. The understanding developed on this basis allows us to form a methodological basis for building an effective algorithm for minimizing staff turnover. Particular attention is paid to the computational and mathematical justification of the processes under study and the solutions proposed on this basis. The article combines the methods of theoretical analysis and practical empirical research. The first allow us to identify the essential, structural and substantive aspects of the problem, while the second – to offer specific calculations that substantiate theoretical postulates. The proposed algorithm is constructed on the basis of the abstraction method, which implies the allocation of individual stages, the justification of their significance, as well as the synthesis method, which implies the connection of stages into a single empirically based system. As a result of the conducted research, the authors come to the conclusion that an effective algorithm for managing staff turnover at an industrial enterprise should be divided into five interrelated stages. These stages include determining the level of staff turnover; determining the level of economic losses caused by staff turnover; determining the specific causes of staff turnover: determining a system of measures aimed at normalizing the process of releasing labor, improving the dismissal procedure, overcoming excessive turnover; determining the effect of implementing the developed measures, improving the dismissal procedure, overcoming excessive turnover. This algorithmization, combined with a comparative analysis of the costs of carrying out these activities and losses due to excessive turnover, allows you to bring the turnover rate to its natural rate (3-5%) will save about 2% of the annual wage fund. The theoretically grounded algorithm in combination with the presented calculation methodology determine the local scientific and methodological novelty of the presented article.

Keywords: calculation methodology, hiring, staff management, algorithm, motivation, quitting, labor conditions, industrial enterprise, management, staff turnover

Abstract: Innovation-based development of economics resulted in qualitative changes in the sphere of labor and labor relations. In this day and age labor is acquiring a new meaning and gaining not only economical but also intellectual nature. The new paradigm of labor raises a need in new innovative approaches to theoretical and legal grounds of labor. These are the approaches the present article is devoted to.

Keywords: state institution, law, economics, labor, science, innovations, legislation, doings.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.1.54006

Abstract: The article studies attitudes of ancient civilization population towards the institution of property, labor, richness and the role of the state institution in this process. The author analyzes analyzes original works which authors underlines a specific nature of labor in ancient civilizations which can be called the ‘extractive’ type of labor and studies associated conditions for obtaining and distribution of wealth. The author of the article also pays attention at the fact that the production type of labor does not create any dependency of wealth on one’s own skills and physical resources. This creates a need in active involvement of the state institution into control of property and distribution of wealth as well as direct participation of the state institution in organization of labor process. Extractive type of labor creates a special dependency between political power and property institutions, the latter is being governed by the former.

Keywords: studies of law, property, ownership, labor, richness, exchange, law, state, power, coincidence, necessity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2023.4.43802

Abstract: This article is devoted to the issue of preserving the integrity of the Russian state system of scientific certification in the context of the growing diversity of regulatory and legal acts, as well as practices for awarding academic degrees. The recent expansion of the autonomy of a number of scientific and educational organizations raises a number of doubts, primarily related to the ability to ensure equal rights and opportunities for applicants for academic degrees in different parts of the system. This article provides a comparative analysis of state acts and regulatory acts of organizations that carry out procedures for the independent awarding of academic degrees. In the course of this study, three subsystems were identified that operate according to comparable rules but provide different rights and opportunities. The first subsystem is dissertation councils under the leadership of the Higher Attestation Commission and Russia’s Ministry of Education and Science. There, a place is occupied by special dissertation councils, in which the applicant avoids the publication of articles and the text of the dissertation, as well as other publicity requirements. The second subsystem is formed by scientific and educational organizations found on a special list. Similar norms and requirements apply within the framework of their local regulations, but there are also noticeable differences. These include reducing the number of dissertation councils, including candidates of sciences in them, the possibility of defending a candidate's thesis in the form of a scientific report, etc. The third subsystem includes spiritual education organizations awarding theological degrees. The ambiguity of the attitude toward such degrees remains at the federal legislation level. Theological degrees are recognized along with other academic degrees during state licensing and accreditation procedures, but their holders are not guaranteed mandatory surcharges, apostille affixing, etc. The analysis made it possible to identify indicators that are important for checking the integrity of the system and determining the direction of its improvement.

Keywords: Doctor of Philosophy, theological degrees, scientific report, dissertation, higher education, dissertation council, state policy, scientific certification, academic degrees, PhD

Abstract: The article reveals peculiarities of using the rotating labor method during mineral production. The author describes the main advantages and disadvantages of the above mentioned method such as: opportunity of conquering remote districts, high salaries, difficult physical conditions, remoteness of one’s home and family and adverse climate conditions. The author also describes peculiarities of rotation camps which provide comfortable conditions for life and activity throughout the working period as well as development of the transportation system to pick up the workers and take them to work. Recruiting and usage of the federal, regional and local labor market for searching for employees still remain one of the topical issues. Physical and psychological readiness will surely influence on the climate inside the team which, in its turn, will influence on social and economic efficiency of their activity.

Keywords: social studies, labor, rotating scheme, settlement, team, organization, production, activity, development, peculiarities.

Abstract: The article casts light on the issues of gender-based division of labor in a Chechen traditional household which creates the basis for ethnic economy since there are no factories or plants there. Underlying a unique diligence of a woman, some researchers exaggerate the thesis about a ‘lazy and inactive’ man. In real life, it is the man who performed the most diffi cult tasks in a field, with a cattle and craft. If a woman interfered with the ‘male space’, it was understood as an underestimation of masculinity.

Keywords: history, division of labor, male crafts, traditional household, masculinity, Chechnya, Chechen household, ethno economics, division of labor based on gender, female labor.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of using human resources under modern conditions. The author of the article in detail describes the main factors ensuring the innovation value of a region which is directly connected with the human development including such elements as human potential in science and technology, work force, fi nances, economy and information. The article also touches upon a number of problems hindering us from effective use of human potential in economic growth of Russian regions.

Keywords: The article is devoted to the problem of using human resources under modern conditions. The author o, work force, fi nances, economy and information. The article also touches upon a number of problems hindering us from effect

Abstract: The article views and analyzes the basic principles of defi nitions of social effi ciency and social effi ciency of human resources management. Based on the analysis the author gives the defi nition of social effi ciency of human resources management in hotel business.

Keywords: social studies, social effi ciency, social effi ciency of human resources management, hotel business, object of management, subject of management, hotel organization, analysis of social effi ciency, social and psychological climate, social result.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.1.17780

Abstract: The goal of this work is the perception and analysis of certain data from the sociological survey of online employment – the socio-demographic characteristics of the online employees residing in Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod Region. The author highlights the gender and age structure of this category, family status, level of education and its discipline (technical, humanitarian, or natural scientific), as well as defines the fields of activity selected by the online employees depending on the gender and sphere of education. The research was conducted over the period of February-May of 2013; 160 respondents were polled. As demonstrated by the results of the survey, the main category of the online employed population is represented by young people with high education; similar to other spheres, gender margin is gradually fades away, but still evident in the choice of activity: women lean more towards working with the texts, while men are prone to programming. Although, it is not a strict rule.

Keywords: Online interaction, Information society, Post-industrial society, Freelance, Atypical forms of labor, Atypical employment, Remote employment, Distance employment, Telework, Online employment

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.1.54676

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2017.12.24987

Abstract: The topic of this article gains particular relevance due to the fact that in modern Russian the cases of labor rights violation of pedagogical workers became more frequent. The author examines the main mechanism and methods aimed at protection by pedagogical workers of their rights. Moreover, it is worth noting that pedagogical workers, because of the low remuneration of labor, are the hostages of certain circumstances, and do not always have an opportunity to receive competent legal assistance pertinent to protection of their labor rights. The author reveals the problematic of the indicated question and suggests particular solutions from the perspective of the employee of the system of higher professional education. It is proposed to examine the jurisdictional method of protection of personal rights and self-protection of the violated rights by the employee. The article underlines the need for active use of the legislative base by the pedagogical workers, as well as involve not only the pedagogical workers of the higher educational facilities themselves, but also the trade union organizations.

Keywords: legal clinic, professional unions, education system, self-protection of labor rights, labor relations, labor rights, methods of protection, protection mechanisms, pedagogical workers, remuneration

Abstract: Under the current military policy in Russia in 2006 – 2010 500000 people shall be retired from the army, and it is obvious that there is need for a concept of social protection of retired military servicemen. Creation of such a concept, in turn, calls not only for changes in the current legislation, but also for a scientific approach to many topical issues, and first of all, to social guarantees.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.3.14368

Abstract: The aim of this work is the presentation and analysis of different forms of labour agreements between the employer and the Internet employees based on the legislative framework of Russian Federation, as well as the sociological research data regarding Internet employees living in the Nizhny Novgorod region. This work is considering the process of implementation of legal rules in social activity of the participants of the Internet labour market. The author considers in details all kinds of labour agreements, existing in Russia, as well as their legal and non-legal forms. Methods of research include theoretical analysis of Russian and foreign literature and analysis of the data of sociological research "Employment in the Internet in the Nizhny Novgorod region". The result of this paper is determination of the most widespread form of labour agreements between Internet employees and their employers. The article provides all social and economical characteristics of labour agreements, their advantages and disadvantages for the Internet employees.

Keywords: informatisation, labour contract, labour agreement, telework, freelance, post-industrial society, Internet employment, atypical employment, labour relations, labour

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.3.54353

Keywords: informatisation, labour contract, labour agreement, telework, freelance, post-industrial society, Internet employment, atypical employment, labour relations, labour

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.3.18478

Abstract: This article reviews the peculiarities of behavior and employment of the young professionals based on the self-evaluation of the existing competencies. The subject of the research is the economic behavior on the job market, which means the type of behavior associated with the realization and development of personal human capital by finding the optimal ratio of expenses and income. Such type of behavior implies the subjective perception of wages with consideration of the level of realization of human capital, motivational orientations, as well as cultural and educational competencies of an individual. Special attention is given to the analysis of self-evaluation of the young applicants on the job market. Among the assessing parameters it is suggested to review the communicative skills, knowledge of foreign languages, creativeness, organizational abilities, etc. It is noticed that the issue of the behavior of the modern youth on the job market is manifested in the contradiction between the desired and the actual behavior. The author proposes classification of the main factors affecting the formation of the youth job market, as well as determines the influence of environmental factors, the needs and interests of the youth in choosing the places of future employment, alongside such factors as wages, location, brand of the company, and others. The results of this research are aimed at the improvement of the work of the higher educational facilities under the conditions of transition to the new educational standards, as well as at the creating the model of collaboration between the universities, employers, and specialists on the job market, which meets the modern economic demands.

Keywords: Job market, Competent approach, Self-evaluation, Employment, Young professionals, Students, Graduates, Employers, Competencies, Economic behavior

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.3.54535

Keywords: Job market, Competent approach, Self-evaluation, Employment, Young professionals, Students, Graduates, Employers, Competencies, Economic behavior

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.4.14824

Abstract: The subject of this research is the possibilities of development of self-employment within the framework of realization of the active employment policy of population. The empirical base became the results of three sociological researches of unemployed people, who enquire within the employment agencies, conducted according to the unified methodology in Novosibirsk Oblast. Among the examined areas are: desire and readiness of the unemployed citizens to become self-employed; their strategic orientations upon the separate forms self-employment (starting business, development of self-employment in household plots, organization of farming); and also types of help necessary for the realization of self-employment. A two-stage selection has been applied to this survey: the first one included the district or city of regional subordination, and the second one included the unemployed population of these areas who enquire within the employment agencies. In order to become self-employed, the respondents require first and foremost financial credits, tax benefits, as well as necessary knowledge and education. The main conclusion consists in the need to advance the status of self-employment to the issue on the national level, which will allow to simultaneously influencing the development of entrepreneurship, and eliminate unemployment.

Keywords: personal subsidiary plot, active employment strategies, Active employment policy, unemployment, unemployed population, self-employment, help, benefits, directions, support

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.4.54551

Keywords: personal subsidiary plot, active employment strategies, Active employment policy, unemployment, unemployed population, self-employment, help, benefits, directions, support

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.5.54072

Abstract: The article explores the specifics of employment of people with disabilities – disability-based differentiation and societal stagnation. People with disabilities are a significant part of Russia’s low-income population – they’re often numbered among the poorest groups, and often suffer from housing shortages, inaccessibility of public transport and medical care. Their employment opportunities are limited, and other sources of income are scarcely available. Today’s “inß ationary” growth of economy results in social stagnation. A layer of people emerges that cannot afford quality food, housing and other goods.This group of people, while not exactly a part of the poorest categories, are still very far from middle class. If quality education is made available to them, this will provide them with a chance to enter the more prestigious parts of the labour market. Russian Federation’s laws do not permit disabled people from entering any professions.

Keywords: Political science, labour, politics, society, people with disabilities, employment, state, law, conflict, social technologies

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.5.14927

Abstract: Reports on materials medical-flight examination studied the incidence of aircraft lifting of the state of aviation in conjunction with the results of medical and social studies (sample size 242). It was found that the structure of morbidity significant place (maximum weight) are diseases of the musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis and primarily scoliosis of the spine) of the circulatory system and metabolic diseases that affect the reliability of professional work and causes a decrease in professional longevity representatives of socio-professional group. The research methodology is based on the methods of occupational medicine, sociology, medicine, aviation medicine, occupational health, psychophysiology of labor. It is shown that prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system should be carried out with the stage of selection of candidates for training cadets and flight schools with the help of X-ray and ultrasound. The proposal for a system of professional selection and dynamic medical examination of flight personnel, the introduction of which into the practice of aviation medicine will lead to earlier detection of diseases of the spine, reduce morbidity and increase career longevity aircraft lifting of the state of aviation.

Keywords: medical-flight expertise, aviation psychophysiology, Psychology Flight labor, locomotor apparatus, flight physiology of labor, Sociology of Aviation Medicine, morbidity flight personnel, occupational medicine, working conditions, flight personnel

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.5.54565

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.6.19095

Abstract: The subject of study is the professional image of the teacher of the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, considered in historical perspective and contemporary perspective. Particular attention is paid to the concept of image of the academy and its structure, the image of the teaching staff of the Academy, the corporate culture, corporate ideology, values corporate image of the teaching staff of the Academy. Concretized mechanisms of functioning of the corporate culture of the faculty of the Academy, and presents some of the professional activities of its faculty. The research methodology is based on a system-activity approach and integrates the methods of system analysis, source, historians, military sociology, political science, pedagogy and psychology. The main conclusion of the study is that the professional image of the teacher of the Military Academy of the Russian Federation Armed Forces General Staff distinguishes basic academic education; a close relationship with the scientific educational activity; implementation of communication theory and practice at the expense of military training and involvement in military-strategic exercises.

Keywords: professional image structure, qualified teaching staff, formation of a professional image, mechanisms of corporate culture, corporate values of image, corporate culture image, corporate image of ideology, professional image content, Academy of the General Staff, image of teacher academy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.6.54579

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.7.15506

Abstract: The object of study in the present article is labour activity. The subject of the study are motivation for labour, loyalty of the worker and corporate culture of the organisation in the period of socioeconomic uncertainty. The author thoroughly examines the behavioural mechanisms of the workers under the conditions of fierce competition on the labour market, peculiarities of their motivation, as well as values that determine their economic behaviour. Special attention is paid to the analysis of motivation theories and interpretation of the notion of corporate culture in the context of modern conditions and problems of Russian labour market. The research method used in the article is social psychological analysis, as well as empirical data collected by the author while working on a managing position. The author's conclusions lie in the fact that during difficult socioeconomic times some theoretical assumptions of human resource management are to be in a certain way reconsidered. At the same time, it is impossible to interpret the economic statistics of the labour market without social psychological analysis which allows to better understand the motivation, choice and values of the workers in a certain situation. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that it shows well-known assumptions of human resource management in the context of relevant social issues that our country has been facing lately.

Keywords: labour market, unemployment, labour, needs, corporate culture, loyalty, motivation, economic behaviour, incentive, value

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.7.54416

Keywords: labour market, unemployment, labour, needs, corporate culture, loyalty, motivation, economic behaviour, incentive, value

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.8.14574

Abstract: The subject of the research in this article are the factors that influence both the migration process and the market of labour resources in the Nizhny Novgorod region and in Russia as a whole. In this paper, the authors focus on the causes of internal and external migration of young professionals in the Russian labour market. In addition, the researchers identify the factors that motivate future professionals to work in the commercial sphere, as well as the factors that prevent the young adults from doing their profession in the public sector institutions. Also, the authors carried out a statistical overview of the salaries in the fields of health, culture, education and social protection. Official statistics of the Federal Migration Service and the Federal State Statistics Service of the Nizhny Novgorod region were used as research methods in this article; analysis of the sociological and socio-economic scientific literature was conducted too. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the factors and some features of migratory streams to the Russian Federation and in particular to the Nizhny Novgorod region. The analysis of topics in this scientific work is conducted in two directions. The first direction is the internal immigration of the Nizhny Novgorod citizens to more socioeconomically attractive regions of Russia and foreign countries. The second trend involves the study of migratory streams to the Nizhny Novgorod region from Central Asia, North and South Caucasus.

Keywords: labour, labour migrants, labour market, migratory streams, migration balance, foreign workers, salary, work, regional labour market, migrant

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.8.54432

Keywords: labour, labour migrants, labour market, migratory streams, migration balance, foreign workers, salary, work, regional labour market, migrant

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.8.15987

Abstract: The subject of the research is comprised by the relationship between the Young Communist organisations and the governmental bodies of popular education, primary and secondary schools, as well as different categories of population involved in the processes of labour nurturing of pupils. Special attention is paid to studying the role of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League in the implementation of the state course for "consolidating the connection between school and life". In the author's opinion, the relevance of studying the historical experience of labour nurturing is connected with the fact that innovative development of Russian society requires active involvement of modern pupils in the economic life of the country. The main theory for the examination of historical Young Communist problems was the theory of governmentalisation of the Young Communist League: the Young Communist League is considered as a specific Soviet "Ministry of Youth", serving as a linchpin between the state and the youth. The experience of the Young Communist League activities is evaluated prom human and state point of view. The author draws the following conclusion: although the Young Communist organisations often faced the tasks that obviously could not be fully performed, in general, the results of the activity of the Young Communist League in the field of labour nurturing of pupils in the late 1950s - early 1960s should be admitted to be helpful from the point of view of both national and public interests.

Keywords: youth, Young Communist League, Thaw period, school reform, labour nurturing, pupils brigades, connection with life, Khrushchev, value of labour, pioneers

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.8.54433

Keywords: youth, Young Communist League, Thaw period, school reform, labour nurturing, pupils brigades, connection with life, Khrushchev, value of labour, pioneers

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.9.4793

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2013.9.54124

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the correspondence of terms ‘promotion of employment’, ‘support of employment’ and ‘job placement’. In fact, many authors identify these institutions and sometimes even unify them. Based on the analysis of the employment law in the CIS countries, the author offers a definition of the term ‘employment’ and states that the institution of promotion of population involves measures aimed at support and retention of employment and provision of material aids for the period while someone looks for a new job.

Keywords: law studies, promotion of employment, support of employment, retention of employment, job placement, unemployment payments, financial aid, public works, vocational training, reeducation, rise of proÞ ciency level.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.8.15576

Abstract: This article analyzes and systematizes the theoretical approaches on sociological study of social interaction on the Internet labor market. Despite the rapid growth of atypical employment, including Internet employment, the theoretical study of this issue is currently insufficient and requires further research. The author discusses such foundations, which justify the specificity of the Internet labor market, as well as peculiarities of social interaction of the major actors, in the conditions of virtual communication. The method of this research lies in theoretical analysis of sociological theories of social interaction and comparison of the basic aspects of Internet employment. During the course of analysis of the Internet labor market, the author examines the system of interrelationship between the Internet employee and the hire. The use of several sociological approaches reveals various aspects of interaction on the Internet labor market from the moment of mutual search until the end of partnership.

Keywords: structural and functional analysis, subjects of social interaction, Sociological theory, Post-industrial society, social space, social interaction, atypical employment, Internet employment, theoretical analysis, sociological analysis

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.8.54609

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.9.15658

Abstract: The subject of the research in the present article are motivational tools and mechanisms of human resource management that contribute to the stimulation and increase of labour motivation. The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that the present state of the systems of workers’ motivation stimulation currently used in Russia is aimed at the satisfaction of the instantaneous needs of employees. That is why it seems necessary to disclose the opportunities to reach the balance of the interests of employers and employees, which requires introduction of a combined model of corporate management into Russian companies. Under such circumstances it it expedient to elaborate a motivational mechanism of involvement of the staff into corporate property. To solve this task the article used the methods of generalisation and systematisation, as well as the methods of structural and comparative analysis, classification of existing theoretical trends. The conducted research allowed to propose the author's approach to the improvement of the staff motivation system, which characterises a motivation system that implies not only the growth of the employees' interest in labour and own earnings, but also the stimulation of their interest in the general development of the company. From the authors' point of view, if such method is implemented, the employees will be most motivated to develop and increase the profit of the company, since this development will bring the increase of their own prosperity.

Keywords: organisation development, employees' interest, mechanisms, innovation, performance, efficiency, human resource management, motivation, growth of profits, prosperity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.9.54449

Keywords: organisation development, mechanisms, innovation, performance, efficiency, human resource management, motivation, growth of profits, prosperity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.9.16347

Abstract: The article presents the outlooks of cooperation between educational institutions and employers in Russian mono-towns. The article describes the experience of the organisation of the educational environment in the mono-town conditions as an effective tool to ensure the preparation of highly qualified experts that are primarily oriented for the customer and the needs of the labour market of the city. The uniqueness of the presented cluster approach lies in the fact that that the future expert is immersed in the «professional environment» from an early age, gradually acquiring general and practical professional knowledge that provides a good insight into the production, which significantly shortens the period of entry into the profession. Methodology and research methods. The research is based on theoretical analysis of the examined problem. The author studies and summarises the domestic and foreign experience of cooperation between educational institutions and industrial enterprises, applies pedagogical modelling of the mechanism of interaction between the partners in the educational-industrial cluster. The methods of empirical research were used, among which pedagogical observation, generalisation of experience of the interaction within the cluster educational environment. The authors justify the opportunity to apply the cluster approach to the organisation of educational and professional partnership.Academic novelty. The article proposes the principles of the design of the cluster educational environment in mono-towns, as well as the cluster structure and content of its key elements (domains), and also describes the mechanism of interaction of all its subjects.Practical significance. The main ideas of the proposed approach to the organisation of educational and working environment can be translated into the development of social partnership of educational institutions and employers, not only on the municipal, but also on the regional level. Trained experts not only cover the needs of the labour personnel of the enterprises of the city, but also quite quickly climb the career ladder and become heads of enterprises.

Keywords: personnel training, integration, employers, educational institutions, mono-towns, industrial and educational cluster, partnership, educational environment, mechanism of interaction, design methodology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.9.54450

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.9.20330

Abstract: Being source of human capital and the welfare of the country, highly-qualified specialists are of major importance in the context of globalized world. The article is dedicated to the various approaches with regard to definition of "highly-qualified specialist" both in foreign and in Russian literature. It focuses on the fact that in the modern scientific knowledgeis focused that in today's scientific knowledge there is no unity of views on the substantive content of the concept of "highly qualified specialist". The absence of this unity creates problems on theoretical and practical levels. Preparing this article a series of general scientific methods of knowledge were used. Such as comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization, concretization, abstraction, modeling. The result of the study is to summarize the criteria used in the doctrine for the definition of "highly-qualified specialist". In conclusion the author gives the original definition of the term "highly-qualified specialist": it is a person with a higher professional education, skills, experience, and (or) other special qualification requirements, which may be applied to them in the hiring process.

Keywords: level of income, skills, experience, level of education, doctrine, classification, approaches, definition, highly-qualified specialist, qualification

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2016.9.54623

Keywords: level of income, skills, experience, level of education, doctrine, classification, approaches, definition, highly-qualified specialist, qualification

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.10.16426

Abstract: The subject of the research is social position of scientific workers in the circumstances of modern scientific-technological and innovative development of the society. Special attention is paid to the justification of the necessity for the “creators” of scientific and technical progress to reach high social status as a factor of the enhancement of the role of science in contemporary society. The author demonstrates that all states that conduct active scientific and technological policy are facing this issue. This problem can be resolved due to regulation of legal status of scientific workers within the framework of national legislation based on international legal standards. In this connection the article thoroughly examines the system of international legal standards regarding the legal position of scientific workers. The author analyses the documents that belong to international “hard” and “soft” law, demonstrating the advantages of regulation of the elements of such status on the level of advisory acts. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the directions of enhancing social status of the scientific workers with the help of legal policy in the field of improvement of legal regulation of informational, labour and socioeconomic rights of the representatives of this professional group. Methodologically the research is based on the understanding of social status in modern social philosophy and sociology. Apart from that, the author considers legal status as a condition for the provision of social status, as well as the unity of rights and duties. At the same time, the duties are said to root not only in participation of scientific workers in labour relations, but also in their ethical responsibility towards society and individuals. The main contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the consideration of the meaning of international legal standards of the legal status of scientific workers as a basis for the harmonisation of regulation of their social status on the national level, which is especially important in the conditions of globalisation of scientific and technological as well as innovative development. The novelty of the study lies in the understanding of such major element of the legal status of scientific workers as the freedom of research, as a responsible freedom. The main conclusion of the article is the justification of the modernisation trends of the legal status of the scientific workers based on renewed international standards, which are the reference points for tis direction of scientific and technological policy of the states.

Keywords: domestic legislation, human rights, international standards, scientific and technological progress, ethical responsibility, freedom of research, globalization, scientific worker, international law, modernization of society

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2015.10.54469