DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2021.2.36973

Abstract: This article explores the specificity of using national symbols in the political protests. The construction of the new meanings of national symbols by protest movements is viewed in the frame of collective memory. The goal of this research is to determine the peculiarities of involving unofficial national symbols in the protest discourse by the opposition political forces on the example of modern Mexico. It is demonstrated how the radical protest Neozapatismo movement uses the image of the country's national hero Emiliano Zapata for legitimizing the own agrarian program and rule in the state of Chiapas, as well as a resource for mobilizing the supporters of drastic agrarian reforms. The conclusion is made that due to such characteristics of national symbols as sacred nature, wide occurrence, recognition, they possess high mobilization potential, carrying out mobilization function in the political protests. It pertains to both, state symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem) and unofficial symbols. National symbols can also be used by protest movements as a means of legitimation / deligitimation of authority. The author underlines that the use by political actors of national symbols, which may cause strong emotional response of the audience, should be considered as manipulative political technology.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2021.2.36764

Abstract: The relevance of this research is substantiated by the fact that the world job market is currently under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). The goal lies in assessing the impact of cyclic and unexpected trends upon the job market, and thus, the forms of job management and employment functions. In this regard, analysis is conducted on the academic theories in the context of conceptualization of the impact of Industry 4.0 upon the job market and employment functions. The long-term trends in transformation of the job market are determined. The empirical basis of this research is comprised of the statistical data provided by Rosstat and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, as well as the resources of analytical articles and scientific publications, including the materials of international organizations, leading consulting companies, global associations, leading educational institutions, other active participants of global educational environment, and job market experts. An overview is given to the trends that affect the companies, their strategies and business models; the impact of such trends upon the transformation of current professions and the emergence of new professions; skills required for these professions. The scientific novelty lies in substantiation of the concept of skill-biased technical change (SBTC) and the theory of routine-biased technological change (RBTC). The presented materials would allow the companies to combine business news with fundamental training of specialists for going along the new career trajectiory in light of the new technological challenges, which defines the practical value of this research.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2021.2.36738

Abstract: The subject of this research is ethical, socio-psychological, and legal problems arising in the process of medical-genetic counseling. It is demonstrated that medical-genetic counseling forms in the context of intertwinement of different social factors, and is a complex communicative process that involves scientists, medical doctors, patients, and their relatives in various forms of relationships. It is associated with myths and biases, as well as personal attitudes that distort the information about the diagnosis. It also transforms in the course of technological development. Description is given to the difficulties faced by the geneticist that affect the counseling process. The article demonstrates the peculiarities of family psychodynamics that determine the way of perception of genetic information. It is also indicated that genetic testing is aimed not only at personality of the patient, but may touch upon a wide range of relations: with relatives and friends, employers, and other interested parties. At the same time, the distribution of information on the risks of the disease may instigate discrimination against a person, stigmatization and elimination of a number of social opportunities, namely related to their professional activity. Genetic information pertains not only to physicality of an individual, but also to social body; affect the interests of the family and people living in a certain territory; bearers of common genetic information; as well as employers, insurers, etc. The conclusion is made that the process of genetic counseling based on the basic bioethical principles of autonomy, benevolence, justice, and informed consent requires additional interpretation. Based on consideration of incident A. Jolie and ethical analysis of the possibility of polygenic embryonic screening, the author reveals the peculiarities of perception of genetic information and its personal interpretation, which cause realization of the new types of responsibility in the process of genetic counseling, where the geneticist deals not with the establishment of diagnosis (fact), but with the likelihood of development of a particular pathology (prognosis).

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2021.2.36153

Abstract: Based on the normative acts in force and domestic scientific literature, this article analyzes social relations associated with the implementation of state procurement procedures. The goal is set to examine criminal activity in the sphere of state procurement for outlining the relevant vectors of crime prevention therein. The article identifies the gaps in the current legislation that negatively affect the dynamics of crime in this sphere. Special attention is given to the statistical method that reveals the key characteristics of criminologically significant information, such as circumstances of crime, classification of crime, and cost of crime. The author offers a range of ideas, the realization of which would help to reduce the amount of crime committed in the process of implementation of state order. The structure of this work includes the analysis of the determinants of crime discovered within the framework of studying the normative-legal, investigative-judicial, and domestic doctrinal sources. The novelty of this research lies in outlining the following vectors leaning on the latest information: improvement of current legislation for increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism of determination of formal-legitimate organizations and failure of cash-out transactions, reference to advanced foreign experience, revision of the mechanism of for assessing the activity of authorized budget holders, give due attention to the question of interaction of various regulatory agencies in terms of implementation of their activity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2021.2.36242

Abstract: This article discusses the peculiarities of the response of youth audience to coverage of relevant social problems in popular video blogs. The characteristic trend in the development of video blogs of recent years is the content that addresses socially significant problems, rather than carries entertaining connotation. The emergence of such trend raises the question of how the audience that is accustomed to view video blogs as the source of entertainment responds to such serious content. The author seeks the answer to this question by referring to the analysis of a specific case of reflecting the socially significant problem in a video blog – release of the film “HIV in Russia” on YouTube channel “Vdud”. The main results consists in revealing the specific features of the response of youth audience to the reflection of important social problems in video blogs. The analysis demonstrates that the reflection of such topics in video blogs may cause numerous curiosity among youth, which encourages young people to watch the corresponding video. Moreover, watching such video may form not only the basic representation of social problems, but also a desire of young people to learn more about such problems. The analysis also indicates that the effects of watching such content can be local and short-term: interest in new information vanishes quickly, rather than leads to serious changes in assessments and behavioral patterns of young people.