Abstract: The purpose of the research article is to create a classifi cation of intercommunications arising at international integration associations as a result of interaction between integration actors. The classifi cation is based on the system approach. The author of the article shows that all the variety of forms of interaction between interests and relations formed on their basis can be divided into the two groups: confl ict-free (cooperative) and confl ict. The former is based on the difference between interests and the latter is based on their opposition. In their turn, cooperative relations can be summative and synthetic, i.e. creating non-organic and organic entities) and confl ict relations can be positional or resourceful. It is quite obvious that when we talk about integration associations, we mean associations that are based on cooperative relations. Noteworthy that summative relations are formed as a result of interaction between parallel interests when parties pursue different goals but each of these goals can be actually achieved as a result of their interaction. Synthetic relations are formed as a result of interaction between converging interests, i.e. all parties strive for the same goal. Synthetic relations are more stable and these are the relations that cause establishment of international integration associations – socio-economic systems where the dependence between the whole and its components are so close that elements cannot exist independently. Besides classifi cation of interests and associated social relations, the author of the article also defi nes other criteria for their classifi cation. For example, integrated relations are divided into subgroups depending o their objective laws, forms of determinism, direction, substrate, order, sustainability and changeability.

Keywords: international integration, regional integration associations, integrated relations, social interests, congruence of interests, complementary economic systems, international cooperation, international reproduction complexes, value chains, integrative trade.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.10844

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54192

Abstract: Issues related to establishment and implementation of state agricultural policy in animal breeding are not suffi ciently studied by politics. Intricate relations between agricultural policy and one of the main segments of the agricultural sector are of particular interest not only to scientists but also to the political actors acting in the sphere of agricultural relations as well as to the agricultural goods producers and the entire population of our country. Effective infl uence of the state on animal breeding is in many ways conditioned by the level of perception of political decisions by the primary production. However, effi ciency and sustainability of this sector cannot be achieved without smart, purposeful, coherent and competent policy conducted by the state in the agricultural sphere. General scientifi c and special research methods (such as analysis, synthesis, systems approach, comparative and historical methods, the method of involved observation and etc.) allow to defi ne the most topical issues arising in the process of establishment and implementation of the agricultural state policy in the sphere of animal breeding as well as to offer certain solutions of these issues. For the fi rst time in scientifi c literature the author describes the problems related to increasing effi ciency of establishment and implementation of state agricultural policy in a socially important sub-branch of agriculture, animal breeding. The author also gives her suggestions on how to solve these issues and defi nes the interdependence between the quality of the above mentioned policy and the level of effi ciency and sustainability of Russian animal breeding in this day and age.

Keywords: animal breeding, nature, agricultural, state, politics, actor, effi ciency, objective, priority, purpose.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.11179

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54193

Abstract: The article is devoted to the defi nition and description of forms of disciplinary liability as well as the most topical issues related to the legal regulation of disciplinary liability of judges by modern legislation. The author of the article analyzes the foreign experience in regulating forms of disciplinary liability to be applied. The author also studies the most nettlesome problems faced by the judges’ qualifi cations boards when taking disciplinary actions against judges. The author also describes the opinion of the International Commission of Jurists on the actual status of the Russian community of judges and the most important remarks of the aforesaid Commission regarding the improvement of the legal system. In this regard the author also describes recent changes in the Russian legislation. The author also provides the opinion of the Judicial Council of the Russian Federation against making any alterations or changes in the legislation. According to the Judicial Council, the current legal regulation of taking disciplinary actions against judges is more than enough. Based on the results of the research, the author defi nes the main directions of improvement of the Russian legislation regulating disciplinary liability of judges taking into account the law-enforcement practice of the judges’ qualifi cations boards. In particular, the author offers to specify the grounds for holding judges disciplinary liable, to specify requirements applied to evidence of a disciplinary offence and to create individual boards as the part of the Judges’ Qualifi cations Boards that would examine only cases of taking disciplinary actions against judges.

Keywords: legal studies, judge, status, independence, disciplinary liability, qualifi cations boards, disciplinary proceedings, act (behavior), punishment, responsibilities.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.6377

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54188

Abstract: The article is devoted to the Orthodox conception of state and law restored by A. Velichko and V. Sorokin in early XXIth. The author of the present article provides an insight into the Orthodox theory of state and law by appealing to such legal ideas as the power and service, legal responsibility, moral justifi cation of law, symphony of church and state and conscience grounds of law. The author of the article proves that the Orthodox interpretation of state and law is quite typical for Russian spiritual culture. The research shows the deep infl uence of Orthodoxy on Russian legal consciousness. The author of the article sees the possibility to restore a healthy legal consciousness by coming back to the spiritual grounds of the Russian civilization that allow the state and law to overcome the evil and disorder and lead to the unity and moral life of the Russian nation.

Keywords: legal studies, Orthodoxy, conservatism, tradition, faith, truth, custom, monarchy, succession, heritage.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.9671

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54198

Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the phenomena of modern world policy and international relations, the force of information. Theoretical grounds of the aforesaid global phenomenon were laid at the end of the 1990s by famous American politicians Joseph Nye Jr., David Rothkopf, Martin Libicki and Solomon based on numerous researches of works written by Karl Deutsch, Manuel Castells and Jurgen Habermas. Taking into account the methodological and theoretical instruments used by modern politics today, research of the phenomenon of the force of information should be related to the two paradigms, subjective-objective and spatial. The force of information in spatial paradigm represents the model – antithesis to information security. Information force is the action while information security is the counter-action. As a result of research, the author creates the 3D model of information force and offers a classifi cation of the leading states depending on the level of their information force potentials.

Keywords: information force, information security, information influence, world (global) policy, information force potentials, spatial paradigm, objective-subjective paradigm, Joseph Nye Jr., international relations, information domination.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.10164

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54194

Abstract: The purpose of the preset article is to reveal the main peculiarities of the Russian-Brazilian relations being developed by the means of public diplomacy. The subject matter of the research is the public diplomacy in the Russian-Brazilian relations. Unlike propaganda carried on by the government and governmental agencies (quite often the term ‘propaganda’ has a negative meaning such as disinformation and misinterpretation of facts), public diplomacy is viewed as the dissemination of positive information based on the actual state of affairs. Consequently, the effect and results of public diplomacy can be of more importance and duration than when traditional propaganda methods and techniques of infl uencing the public opinion are being used. Despite the fact that the term ‘public’ or ‘social’ diplomacy has been introduced into scientifi c use just recently, particular elements of this phenomena have been already present at different stages of the foreign policy activities performed by the Russian state. From this point of view, the analysis of using public diplomacy in the relations between Russia and Brazil is appealing. At the end of his research article the author concludes that today’s public diplomacy is the most important component of the ‘soft power’ indicated in Russia’s external policy concept. The conductors of this policy are usually public organizations and civic institutions. In the Russian-Brazilian relations public diplomacy is highly effi cient because ancient traditions of cultural ties between these two countries created a fertile ground for such bilateral relations.

Keywords: international relations, politics, law, public diplomacy, Russia, Brazil, soft power, humanitarian cooperation, cultural ties, values.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.11171

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54195

Abstract: The article is devoted to the essence of the constitutional judicial process (constitutional proceedings and constitutional justice). Views on constitutional proceedings existing in Russian legal literature are mostly concept defi nitions of the constitutional judicial proceedings than descriptions of the true essence of the constitutional proceedings in terms of philosophy and methodology. It is well known that defi nitions impoverish the essence and therefore the author sate the need for development of a new methodological approach to defi ning the essence of the constitutional judicial process. The methodological ground of this research is the doctrine of judicial law, i.e. the general (universal) legal theory of the judicial power and procedural law being restored at present moment. The author of the article offers an original methodological approach to defi ning the essence of the process. This approach involves a successive description of the nature, purpose, goals and tasks of this form of judicial proceedings. Based on the defi nition of the constitutional judicial law and the nature of the substantive law used in the constitutional proceedings, the author offers interpretations of the purpose, goal and tasks of the constitutional judicial process based on the aforesaid approach.

Keywords: Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, constitutional judicial process, constitutional proceedings, constitutional justice, doctrine of judicial law, judicial law, nature of the process, purpose of the judicial law, purpose of the process, tasks of justice.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.5168

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54186

Abstract: The preset article is devoted to the resources and opportunities of social technologies when studying the civil society. Based on the analysis of different theoretical and practical researches in this sphere, the author offers a defi nition of the phenomenon of ‘territorial community’ as an integral and rather independent unit of civil society established as the result of self-organizational activity of individuals. The author of the article also concludes that researches of the process of formation and development of the civil society are a very promising direction today, especially in terms of application of social technologies.

Keywords: social studies, state institution, society, civil society, local territories, territorial communities, social technologies, the Tyumen Region, opinion surveys, statistics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.5157

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54189

Abstract: The article is devoted to the problems of minimization and prevention of gender violence. The author analyzes political, social, legal, psychological and other methods of preventing or suppressing violence against women. The author also offers certain approaches to solving this issue and defending women against gender and domestic violence.

Keywords: legal studies, gender violence, woman, man, domestic violence, legal assistance, minimization of violence, victim of violence, women’s rights, crisis intervention centers.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.11019

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54196

Abstract: By studying the case of restriction of rights and freedoms of smoking citizens, the author of the present article analyzes whether it is permissible for the state to restrict constitutional rights and freedoms for the sake of achieving their goal to protect rights and freedoms of other citizens and common interests in general. Based on the analysis of foreign legislation and practice of constitutional courts in the countries of former Yugoslavia (Macedonia, Slovenia and Croatia), the author of the article describes the main criteria for restricting rights and freedoms and performs evaluation of their constitutionality including: legitimacy of the purpose of such restriction, necessity of such restriction and proportionality. In his research the author mostly uses the technical legal method and combines it with the method of comparative analysis. Special attention is paid to the so called ‘strict test of proportionality’ used by the Constitutional Court of Slovenia to defi ne the level of admissibility of restriction of the constitutional rights and freedoms. At the end of the article the author conclude that the constitutional justice authorities in these countries try to maintain an adequate balance between the rights and freedoms of individuals and legal rights and freedoms and common interests without absolutizing any of them.

Keywords: constitutional rights, anti-smoking law, smokers’ rights, FSU region, Constitutional Court, Constitution, principle of proportionality, principle of rationality, strict test of proportionality, restriction of rights.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.9656

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54187

Abstract: The purpose of the research article is to study the problems of secular land ownership in the days of palace revolutions. The author of the article studies the documents of management and records keeping that were created in the process of seizing property of criminals who committed crime against the state. The main reference of the research is the so called registers of signed off property. At the present moment these registers are not suffi ciently studied. Registers of signed property consist of a series of descriptions, particularly on property belonging to one physical entity. These registers are quite complex references containing all kinds of data. To show their importance as the primary source, the author of the article analyzes documents about land property that belonged to a famous nobleman Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov. The author touches upon the structure and origin of Dolgorukov’s votchinas in Alatyr, Kasimovsky, Kerensky, Kinishemsky, Kozelsky, Koporsky, Kromsky, Kursk, Lebedyansk, Moscow, Obolensk and Ruszky Districts. By analyzing other documents about seized properties, the author of the article clarifi es the origin of those votchinas. For example, Vitaly Lukich Dolgorukov obtained 10 votchinas as a result of purchase or exchange, 11 votchinas were inherited or received from relatives in any other way and only 1 votchina was actually given for good service. The analysis of the process of formation of votchinas allows to clarify some uncertain moments in Dolgorukov’s biography such as his marriage and other close relations. The process of formation of such a large piece of land property is associated with Vitaly Lukich Dolgorukov’s career and family history as well as the property that belonged to the Dolgorukovs in XVIIth and early XVIIIth centuries.

Keywords: history, source studies, agrarian history, the epoch of palace revolutions, secular feudal tenures, register of signed off property, Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov, XVIII century, crime against the state, administrative offi ce for seized property.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.10575

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54197

Abstract: There are a great number of people with deviant behavior in modern Russia. This sphere includes prostitution that is closely connected with the criminal sphere and human traffi cking. Over the past three hundred years the Russian government has been trying to solve this problem by different means but still hasn’t managed to eliminate it completely. According to the author o the article, it is necessary not to deny this problem but fi ght against it which also means studying the scales and sources of prostitution. Based on the author, prostitution has its roots in the times of transformations performed by Peter the Great. Based on the analysis of a wide range of sources and references (both Russian and foreign), the author of the article traces back the stages of development of relations between the government and society on the prostitution matter from recognizing it till strict prohibition. Legalization and regulation of prostitution destroy the moral standards of the society but do not eliminate the illegal form of this deviation. In order to fi ght against prostitution, it is necessary for the government and civil society to combine their efforts. These efforts should be based on the socio-economic development as well as public education and rehabilitation of people involved in this sphere.

Keywords: prostitution, modern forms of slavery, deviant behavior, society, power, committees of doctors and police, regulation, rehabilitation, legalization, prohibition.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.8490

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54190

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes the grounds for creation and development of neo-liberal political and legal doctrine as a synthesized ‘integral’ form of legal consciousness that is base on different ideological movements and schools being popular in Russia at the turn of XIXth – XXth centuries. The research article justifi es the author’s statement about co-existence of the three main branches of neo-liberalism: idealistic neo-liberalism, positivistic neo-liberalism and liberal socialism.

Keywords: legal studies, legal consciousness, integrated legal studies, neo-liberal political and legal doctrine, liberalism, school of restored natural law, religious metaphysics, legal positivism, social and psychological schools of law, social liberalism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.10002

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0684.2014.2.54199

Abstract: The article is devoted to the political and legal views of a famous philosopher Isocrates living in Athens. The author of the article underlines that it is quite a new subject of research in studies of Ancient Greek political and legal traditions. Due to the fact that Ancient Greece consisted of polises back in those times, so far the issues of state unity have being mostly revealed in terms of spiritual but not territorial integrity (in particular, in Plato’s and Aristotle’s works). The author of the article analyzes the speech for Archidamus written by Isocrates to prove the rights of Sparta to become independent from Messenia. Based on that, the author defi nes Isocrates’ arguments for retaining territories. The majority of these arguments are quite specifi c and applicable only to the states of the ancient world. These include legends (mythology), decisions of an oracle, legality and fairness of territory seizure as a result of a war, the length of ownership of territories and the absence of objections from neighboring states. Special attention is paid to the absence of mechanisms facilitating the integration of the state and therefore military power being the main way to retain territories in the ancient world. The author concludes that the aforesaid speech had particular political tasks to solve and in that speech Isocrates was one of the fi rst to express his idea of the territorial integrity and protection of a state.