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Abstract: The article studies traditions of Russian Scandinavian studies in Russian science of the 20th century. The author of the article describes the main schools of science studying Scandinavian countries, their methods and infl uence on Russian science. Scandinavian countries has been making a signifi cant infl uence – political, economic and cultural – on Russia at certain periods of its development. Moreover, civilization of the Scandinavian peninsula, without any doubts, is a very interesting and original part of the history of Europe in general.

Keywords: history, traditions, Scandinavian studies, science, Vikings, culture, model, Russia, state institution, identity.

Abstract: This article is the author’s fi rst attempt to study historiography of Tajikistan during Early Modern Period and Contemporary History. Analyzing the main resources and archives in Tajik’s history the author underlines the importance of the primary source and calls modern historians (especially Uzbek and Tajik ones) to objectively study the main stages of Central Asian history. Based on the author, it would allow to avoid future mistakes in interpretation of historical facts.

Keywords: history, Orientalist, sources, archive, materials, falsifi cation, interpretation, fact, culture, Tajik.

Abstract: This report features political, economical and social transformations in China in the framework of global economic crisis. Reforms of the fourth and the fi fth generation of Chinese management, especially administrative reform, the policy of minimization of bureaucratic expenses and adaptation of the system to these transformations are under particular emphasis. Furthermore, the report features anti-crisis policy of Chinese management.

Keywords: mainstream ideology, social and economic contradictions, political stability, anti-recessionary measures, legitimacy, global fi nancial crisis, administrative system, antirecessionary policy, bureaucratic expenses, social outburst, antiauthority action, political move.

Abstract: The fi rst tourism organizations were created in Russia in the 80th of the 19th century and received much support from the Soviet government later. Tourism in Russia came en masse and was regarded not only as the way to ‘use free time in a rational way’ but also as a method of promotion of socialism achievements and a method of teaching population communistic values. During Soviet times the system of planning of tourism infrastructure was started in certain regions of the country. The basics of tourism and professional education in tourism were formed as well.

Keywords: tourism, organization, development, excursion, service, culture, transport, education, region, forecasting, research.

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Abstract: The socio-political, cross-scale problems of resource management affect and depend on the institutionalization of the decision making at local, regional, national and transnational levels. The most suitable recipe for solving problems of natural resource management is to develop mechanisms of control, divided by levels of social and institutional aggregation. Such control mechanisms will contribute to the development of trade-offs, social learning and creating a more transparent and representative of informal decision-making mechanisms. Increasingly, in the process of formation mechanisms of natural resource management involves non-state actors: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), transnational corporations, international organizations and the academic community. New actors are a source of introduction of innovative tools and mechanisms of regulation by promoting the positive trends in the power relations in the political arena.

Keywords: Natural resources, environment, governance, globalization, international regimes, decentralization policy, co-management

Abstract: The article is devoted to a special role of the Think Tank in the life of American society. This is what made the science to stop being just the ‘book learning’. The goal is to adopt and adapt the approach in Russian social and humanitarian sphere.

Keywords: think tank, civil society, scientifi c expertise, scientifi c competition, scientifi c pluralism, research freedom.

Abstract: The article describes the role of interest groups in the process of market and democratic reforms. The author of the article shows how political infl uence of interest groups can actually establish the model of ‘capitalism for selected ones’ as well as authoritarian political regimes in transitional states. At the end of the article it is concluded that neo-conservatism conception of a strong state institution is the best strategy for implementation of economic and political transformations in transitional societies.

Keywords: political studies, interests, groups, reforms, market, democratization, rent, lobbyism, authoritarianism, neo-conservatism.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the process of ratifi cation of the START Treaty 3-2010 between Russia and America. Based on the analysis of Russian and USA politicians’ and militaries’ opinions the author of the article defi nes the problems of ratifi cation of the Treaty. The article also describes the author’s evaluation to the START Treaty 3-2010 in the framework of the Russian national security and defense capacity and USA plans on creation of European system of anti-ballistic defense.

Keywords: relations between Russia and America, reduction of strategic arms, anti-ballistic defense, ratifi cation, USA Congress, Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

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Abstract: The article studies the nature and purpose of the global policy. The author of the article describes features of the global political processes and proves the assumption that the global policy is one of the leading drivers of global management.

Keywords: policy, political infl uence, international policy, global policy, international relations, global political process, international political institution, global interstate political institution, global management.

Abstract: Left-handedness is associated with asymmetry of paired organs. Due to the principle of biological safety are endowed with many organs, duplicates of themselves. He has a pair of lungs, a pair of kidneys, a pair of eyes, a pair of hands, a pair of legs, etc. If one of the paired organs fails, another can partially take over its functions. But the complete duplication of nature, apparently, considered a luxury. As shown by observations and experiments, paired organs in humans are developed differently. One of the two paired organs is always dominant. The prevalence of left over right and left-handedness is called. Right-handed world of people - the mirror opposite of the world left-handers. Left-handers is not easy to adapt to a world in which everything is created only for right-handers. Thus, we assume that because the cat family Felidae, and the people… relate to the animal kingdom, the class of higher vertebrates - mammals, it is possible that there is a general and specifi c in levolaposti left-handedness in cats and humans. Which should manifest itself in the psychodynamics of behavior.

Keywords: Left-handedness, left-handedness, levolapost, psychodynamics, anthropocentrism, tolerance

Abstract: This article is aimed at studying the process of defense of creative works by the means of self-defense and judicial settlement of restoration of violated rights. Legal defense is carried out taking into account previous researches and experience in this sphere and summarizing concepts concerning the infl uence of legislation on legal defense of creative works. Emphasis is made on improvement of relevant legislation taking into account the stable element of the legal defense system. It would make it easier to interpret and implement legal acts and raise effi ciency of legal defense of exclusive rights.

Keywords: legal defense, exclusive rights, intellectual property, results of creative activity, variety of intellectual properties, ways to reinforce the system of legal defense, restoration of violated rights, means of legal protection, methods of legal defense.

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Abstract: New materialism is based on the unity of current material attributes – the ideal and the material (what exists at the moment). It accepts the idea of the ideal length and universal law of the advancing refl ection and mutual refl ection of the ideal and the material and comes to accept the thesis that Plato’s ideas do not contract to the new materialism. New materialism is based on infi nite categories, universal laws and principles.

Keywords: philosophy, Aristotle, ideal, material, attribute, ideal length, advancing, refl ection, material, Evald Ilyenkov.

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