Pedagogy and education - rubric Values and goals of education

Abstract: The subject of the study is the dynamics of changes taking place in the architecture of humanitarian education in Russian educational institutions of higher education in the XXI century. The article is written on the basis of the author's experience in teaching social and humanitarian academic disciplines. It is shown that in the 2000s, in non-humanitarian universities, the main emphasis was placed on teaching and developing the basics of political, sociological and cultural knowledge among students. The humanitarian presence in the curricula of the specialty made it possible to achieve intermediate goals of political education. In the subsequent period of time, knowledge about politics and the political structure of the country, about civic heroism and patriotism turned out to be on the periphery of professional educational routes of students. The authors note that currently, at the initiative of the Ministry of Education of Russia, the key foundations of humanitarian education are being revised. The number of classroom hours for studying the history of Russia and the main milestones of world history is increasing, work has begun on the introduction of the discipline "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" into the educational process. At the same time, there is an obvious demand for systematic profile retraining of the teaching staff of non-humanitarian universities. The article contains specific proposals for the implementation of measures aimed at political education and civic education of all participants in the educational process at the university. Special attention is paid to postgraduate training in the political science field.

Keywords: professional education, innovative thinking, motivation of students, political socialization, professional retraining, university, higher education, political knowledge, political education, humanitarian education

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.40074

Abstract: The article presents a theoretical analysis of approaches to the understanding of value orientations and mechanisms of their formation, reveals the impact of the educational process on the transformation of the complex value orientations of students - future teachers. The article presents the experience of designing the educational process of students in the direction of "Pedagogical education", aimed at promoting the development of value orientations of students - future teachers within the educational modules of the educational program. Particular attention in pedagogical design was paid to the peculiarities of applying the idea of affective area of B. Bloom's taxonomy of learning objectives and such mechanisms of value orientations formation as identification, empathy, individualization and reflection. D.A. Leontiev's "Meaning-Life Orientation Test" method was used to study the peculiarities of the complex of students' value orientations. The sample consisted of 84 students of "Pedagogical education" from the first to the third year. The results of the analysis of the data of the control study revealed positive dynamics in such indicators of value orientations as "satisfaction with the results of their life activities", "degree of independence", "degree of responsibility", "control over your life". Thus, the educational process, designed on the basis of such mechanisms of formation of value orientations, can be considered as a resource for the development of the value sphere of the personality of future teachers.

Keywords: individualization, empathy, self-determination, affective domain, values, future teachers, teacher education, value sphere, value orientations, reflection

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.1.12098

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2014.1.65197

Abstract: Today the questions about formation of new strategies in education requires special attention and research including that from the point of view of preserving moral and spiritual values and his interaction with Culture as the main factor in the development of his spiritual and moral sphere. Crises in the modern society and especially the cultural crisis create the need for 􀁹inding solutions of this problem including maintenance of the value-conscious approach to education and productive formation of values in the structure of one’ personality starting from the early childhood. Axiological (value-conscious) approach is well studied in different spheres of science such as philosophy, esthetics, cultural research, psychology and teaching yet very little studied from the practical point of view. Classroom educational environment is the ‘platform’ where values can be created and developed to the full extent. The conceptual basis for the process of formation of personal values can be the Russia prose of the 20th century re􀁹lecting a special system of values (ideals and opinions) which can actually trigger an ef􀁹icient formation of a school student’s system of values in the classroom and teach him the basic human values such as home, family, labor, love, friendship, motherland and nature. In the Russian prose these categories are associated with the value-based idea and the Beauty category as the key factor in the formation of a soul of a growing person and identification of him as a man of Culture. ‘Adoption’ of value-based ideals (as S. Rubinshtein called it) in the process of the esthetic interaction between ‘a reader and an artwork’ (M. Bakhtin’s expression) is carried out through actualization of the subjective experience of a school student’s life activity by using the method of interpretation. The scientific novelty of the present article is in the description of the process of teaching literature at school taking into account possibilities of the value-conscious axiological approach to education. This approach involves at least the two stages: first of all, choosing the 􀁹iction that can teach a child human values and secondly, establishing a special methodological ‘route’ of teaching values which, in the author’s opinion, should be based on the idea of creating and developing the subjective (personal) experience of a child (I. Yakimanskaya’s expression) through his interaction with the value-conscious teaching element of a lesson.

Keywords: culture, values, interiorization, esthetic dialogue, personal experience, dialogism, value-conscious polylogue, Russian prose, values of the Russian literature, the Beauty category.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2015.1.14804

Abstract: The object of research in this article is teaching students who specialize in cross-cultural communication. The matter under study is conditions of this process under reformation of Russian education. Particular attention is concentrated on components of such programs and on demand for foreign language teachers in the present labor market in general and bachelors in particular. The method of research in this article is curriculum and Federal Education Standard analysis as well as empiric data obtained during vocational guidance talks with students. The main author’s conclusions come down to the following. Nowadays there is a contradiction between social processes with cross-cultural communication acting as a significant factor and problems of training specialists for it within the transitive period in Russian higher education. The novelty of the article consists in giving didactic curriculum analysis on the background of immense contradictions brought about by turning to the new two-level higher education system.

Keywords: cross-cultural communication, teacher, two-level system, master’s course, bachelor’s course, teacher training, program, society, labor market, language

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2018.1.22378

Abstract: The authors of the present article offer their evaluation of transformations that are happening in the Russian university education and aimed at bringing the system of education with Bologna process standards. The authors analyze these transformations from the point of view of the need to train specialists in the field of construction. They analyze conclusions made by University professors majoring in construction. In particular, University professors worry about such factors as a low level of knowledge about objectives of aforesaid reformations and unawareness of measures that can improve the existing system of education. The research contains the results of a survey that involved teachers and students in the field of construction who work and study in Moscow or Moscow Region. The results of the questionnaire demonstrate that there are the following factors that prevent the academic community from reformation of Russian university education in accordance with Bologna standards: low English proficiency of students and insufficient profits. These factors make it nearly impossible for Russian students to study abroad and thus decrease the competitive ability of Russian university graduates on the global labor market despite the fact that these universities have adopted the Bologna system of education. The authors of the article also use mass media data in their research. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors focus on the needs of construction companies in well trained and skilled professionals. The authors mention that the major part of experts also underline that universities do not train their students to solve practical issues in construction or building as well as that the Russian education system is significantly behind the Western system education when it comes to training specialists in construction logistics and management of construction sites. construction education, the Bologna process, competence, higher education, education, the Education Act, Bologna, Bologna system, innovation, logistics

Keywords: innovation, Bologna system, Bologna, Education Act, education, higher education, competence, Bologna process, construction education, logistics

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2021.4.37108

Abstract: Professional socialization of future graduates of the pedagogical university is aimed at the formation of competencies essential for the practical activity and solution of vital tasks. One of the components of successful professional activity is the willingness for continuing education. The subject of this research is the phenomenon of continuous pedagogical education as the value. Globalization has encompasses all segments of life of the modern society, including education. The rapidly changing world with its uncertainty imposes new requirements on the system of vocational training. A modern specialist is no longer narrow-focused, but is capable of solving complex and versatile tasks, which is facilitated by constant striving for new knowledge using various forms of learning. However, this is only possible with realization by the individual of the need for continuing education and its utility in different axiological coordinates. For the analysis of axiological basis of continuing education, the author surveyed the students of pedagogical university to determine their perception of continuing education as a personal meaningful value that contributes to the achievement of certain career results. The acquired results on the one hand demonstrate the the vagueness of the concept of “continuing education” for the university students; while on the other hand, prove the hypothesis on the need and importance of continuing education for the pedagogues, but at the same time the unwillingness of the future specialists to consider it as the value of life. The presented materials allow adjusting the educational process of future pedagogues and their motivation for continuing education, since the pedagogical classes to Master’s Degree.

Keywords: self-development, self-education, pedagogical values, pedagogical education, pedagogical university, continuing education, life values, globalization of education, value, value-semantic guidelines

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2015.1.66324

Keywords: cross-cultural communication, teacher, two-level system, master’s course, bachelor’s course, teacher training, program, society, labor market, language

Abstract: In his review the author would like to trace back the formation and development of scientific social and philosophical researches devoted to the problems of freedom and liberalism in our country. This article continues and completes the previously published work ‘Theoretical Interpretation of the Freedom Idea: Brief Review of Western Sources’ (published in Pedagogy and Education Journal No. 2, 2012, P. 46 – 52). The results of the study shows the constant growth of the same intellectual tradition of interpretation of freedom and liberalism that was stopped after the October Revolution of 1917. Hot disputes of the Perestroika epoch gradually turned into academic discussions and attempts to understand these concepts from the point of view of the Russian spiritual tradition.

Keywords: pedagogy, liberalism, Russia, philosophy, freedom, Western Europe, Slavophiles, Westerners, law, politics.

Abstract: The article is devoted to the need in teaching social studies which influence the formation of a social world outlook and cogitation. The emphasis is made on the nature of development of modern social studies which contradictions have an impact on social evaluations of the surrounding world. At the same time, objectivization of the world can be found in interactions between social studies and a researcher, teacher or scientist. Each of this form reveals axiological aspects of human existence. The author of the article pays special attention at these aspects.

Keywords: pedagogy, social studies, education, human, reflexion, culture, values, objectivization, science, up-bringing.

Abstract: This article systematizes conditions which considerably inf luence the process of implementation of education nowadays. Describing each condition in detail, the author of the article defines the primary issues and goals of education. The purpose of this study is to outline the modern peculiarities which are to be taken into account when assigning a task and developing a new educational standard which would ensure an affective succession of values.

Keywords: education, modern age, values, succession, informatization, globalization, consumption, state order, economic order, social order.

Abstract: The article analyzes the results of work of the Laboratory of Personal Growth at Moscow University for Humanities. The authors describe the main tasks and outcomes of the researches including the opinion survey held among the students who studied at the Laboratory. They also outline the future perspectives of scientific and practical researches in this sphere.

Keywords: pedagogy, experiment, practice, up-bringing, cognition, creativity, creative work, psychology, personality, emotions.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2013.1.62555

Abstract: This article explores the liberal heritage of Boris Chicherin in relation to liberal ideas of John Locke. The author contemplates on the extent to which Chicherin could be considered a liberal thinker, from the point of view of modern historical perspective. As we know, Chicherin’s model state was constitutional monarchy, which he considered the most suitable for Russia. This very idea contradicts with modern liberalism in both, Russia and the West. As it seems, comparing the liberal ideas of Chicherin with the ideas of John Locke’s classic English liberal tradition helps accent the strengths and flaws in Chicherin’s views.

Keywords: pedagogy, Chicherin, Locke, liberalism, right, politics, Russia, authority, state, democracy.

Abstract: The article analyzes the current system of education in the middle school as a socially important living organism from the point of view of educational purposes. The main ‘disease’ of Russian school today is its weak and disorganized teaching staff. The main issue is the increase of the prestige of a schoolteacher and creation of an interesting information environment by a team of teachers. All the other issues are secondary.

Keywords: teaching, system of education, psychology, virtual world, strategy of education, computerization, information space, Internet, system of knowledge evaluation, quality of education.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2021.1.34084

Abstract: Post-nonclassical nature of changes in education actualizes the need for transforming its methodological grounds. The goal of this article is to offer a new perspective of interpretation of the methodology of education, as well as trace the steps towards its post-nonclassical transformation. The research leans on the theoretical-methodological provisions of the logical-semantic approach, which focuses on the laws of conceptualization. The article explores the objective and subjective logical-semantic patterns of the work of mind characteristic to classical and post-nonclassical worldview. Congruence with the objective logic of the work of mind of methodological grounds in educational practice of the higher school is confirmed by examples. The examples show the limitations of their methodological capabilities in solving modern problems of knowledge and practice. The limitations of their methodological capabilities in solution of the relevant cognitive tasks and practice are indicated. The article suggest and analyzes the methodological principle of the subject, which determines the human-sizedness and communicative alignment of methodological system of education, which ensures its compliance with the post-nonclassical methodology of science. The author demonstrates a number of changes within the education system, which are methodologically substantiated by the principle of the subject. The highlighted logical-semantic patterns of the work of mind can be used as an instrument for understanding and explaining the components of educational process, as well as their design and management. The author proposes a nonlinear structure of the content of education. It can underlie the creation of learning model, which would consider the individual characteristics of students and fulfill the educational potential of the traditional and innovative teaching systems.

Keywords: subject, meaning, logic of the work of consciousness, logical and semantic architectonics of methodology, educational methodology, content of education, human dimension, hypertext, subject-centeredness, nonlinearity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.2.38170

Abstract: Military people have long occupied a very special honorable and responsible place in society. To form a system of values of future officers is becoming an urgent task of professional military education. The article examines the domestic literary sources, which accumulate and present the psychological features of the merits of the officer in Russian fiction. The object of the work is the images of officers in the XVΙΙΙ century Russian literature, which are the artistic precursors of images of military intellectuals in Russian literature of the XΙX century. The subject of the article ‒ psychological features of the designated artistic images of a military mens. The main methodological approaches were systemic, cultural-historical and literary psychologism. Theoretical, general logical and empirical methods are used as methods. It is noted that the psychological representation of the features inherent in the military intelligentsia in the literature is carried out in several basic forms: 1) a direct representation of characters "from the inside", that is, through artistic cognition of the inner world of the actors, expressed through internal speech, images of memory and imagination); 2) an indirect form, i.e. psychological analysis "from the outside", expressed in the psychological interpretation by the writer of expressive features of speech, speech behavior, mimic and others means of external manifestation of the psyche); 3) in a summative-denoting form ‒ with the help of naming, extremely brief designation of those processes that take place in the inner world. The main scientific results of the article include the identification of psychological traits of intelligence officer in Russian fiction, as well as their social functions. The article consists of two parts, here is presented the second part of the work.

Keywords: psychological traits, military education, artistic creativity, psychologism, military service, intelligence, mediated samples, semantic formations, value, literary images

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2021.2.32995

Abstract: The subject of this research is formation of the goals of general education. The majority of modern authors correlate formation of the goals of education with the traditions and trends existing in pedagogical practice; some authors formulate the goals of education based on the expert opinion; others rely on the futuristic forecasts of social development; and only few of them obtain educational goals from the science-based theories dedicated to personality development of a child. Such divergence of opinions allow speculating the goals of education, since the concepts of “social procurement”, “world traditions”, “harmonious personality development”, and “expert opinion”, although being virtually indeterminate and susceptible to personal fluctuations and political trends, are ultimately enshrined normative documents. This defines the relevance of the topic of formation of the goals of education regardless of personal, political, or other attitudes. The research problem is formulated in the following way: whether there is an invariant basis in the concept of the “goals of education”. This article explores the question of formation of the goals of general education from the perspective of systemology. Leaning on the theory of complex systems and the theory of signal transmission, the author outlines the goals of general education, which are interconnected by society and the state. The author describes how these goals are reflected in pedagogical practice and the Russian law “On Education”. The acquired results testify to the fact that the goals of general education are focused on the three aspects: inclusion of a child into the “social norms” subsystem; child’s development for effective resistance to the “external environment”; child’s development for effective interaction within the “educational structure” subsystem. All the identified goals are crucial, as they resemble the structure of relations between society, the state, and external environment. All other goals of education either correlated with the three aforementioned goals, or are not related to education. A hypothesis is advances on the hierarchy of goals: 1) preservation of society; 2) relationship with the external environment; efficiency of such relationship in the society. All these goals are reflected in the modern pedagogical practice, which may suggest the triviality of the formulated conclusions. In the scheme described by the author, they are not obtained empirically, but rather indicate systemic relationship with society and the state. The novelty of this research lies in justification of reasons for forming the goals of education. The provided formulizations allow to accurately and logically outline the strategy and structure of educational policy, both on the federal level and on the level each individual pedagogue.

Keywords: social norm, the formation of the purpose, state, society, systemology, school education, objective, theory of complex systems, education, systemological education

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2016.2.19332

Abstract: While scientists seem to have rather comfortable working conditions, mental anomalies have been observed in this social group. Creative activity is accompanied with solving complex psychological problems arising in the process of studying, scientific work, adoption of a certain worldview, scientific and ideological paradigms, perception of success, criticism and evalution of their scientific activity in general. According to the author of the article, determination and summarization of specific features of scientific activity and psychlogical problems faced by scientists at our age of fundamental transformation and dominating paradigm should encourage better understanding and solution of these problems. The methodological basis of the research is based on the analysis of transformations of Thomas Kuhn's scientific paradigms, direct observation of psychologicalfeatures of scientific activity demonstrated by creative teams as well as materials presented in other researches of psychologists, psychoanalysts, historians and observations made by researchers themselves. Heuristical feature of the research is defined by extreme importance and complexity of psychological problems arising in the process of scientific research considering drastic changes of the paradigm and reformation of science in Russia. Development of a new paradigm and reformation of scientific institutions are accompanied with complex psychological problems faced by all participants of the process. These problems include choosing and proving an alternative paradigm, adjusting to new authorities and administrative hierarchy in the academic community, denial and adoptin of the market model of science, compatibility of Soviet and post-Soviet generations of researchers who have different worldviews, ideological and moral attitudes. The author sees the way of oothing and overcoming the aforesaid psychological problems in recognition and being aware of obvious fundamental transformations in society, and development and adoption of a new paradigm that would adequately reflect the actual situation with the evolution of the socio-natural universum.

Keywords: intellect, creativity, courage, will, activity, paradigm, neurosis, character, science, psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2016.2.68000

Keywords: intellect, creativity, courage, will, activity, paradigm, neurosis, character, science, psychology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2023.4.39193

Abstract: The relevance of the study is due to the unsatisfactory state of health of the younger generation of Russians, as well as the problems of teaching physical culture in our country. One of the reasons for this state of affairs is the potential of various types of running and exercises based on it, which is clearly underused in modern Russian education. Famous Russian teachers of the second half of the XIX – early XX century P. V. Tikhanovich, A. G. Berglind, P. F. Lesgaft, E. A. Pokrovsky, A.D. Butovsky, V. E. Ignatiev and V. G. Ukhov offer a theoretical justification and give vivid examples of practical solutions to the most important educational tasks based on the active use of running locomotion in the educational process. The subject of this study is their understanding of the educational potential of running as the most accessible and attractive type of activity for children, providing comprehensive personal development. As a means of training and education, running exercises allow you to achieve the most important educational goals, which are expressed in the basic principles of pedagogy. This is provided by the natural ("instinctive") nature of running, which explains its health benefits, accessibility and recreativeness; a playful form of running activities; the connection of bodily and intellectual development in the implementation of complex running exercises, habituation to working capacity based on the skill of prolonged volitional tension and "firmness of mind", the achievement of graceful movements, etc. The author comes to the conclusion that outstanding Russian researchers of physical culture P. V. Tikhanovich, A. G. Berglind, P. F. Lesgaft, E. A. Pokrovsky, A.D. Butovsky, V. E. Ignatiev and V. G. Ukhov have revealed the huge educational potential of running, significant for modern pedagogical practices.

Keywords: russian pedagogy, ekpletridzein, folk games, principles of pedagogy, kalokagatiya, education, training, running, humanism, physical culture

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2015.4.16929

Abstract: Trends in the development of higher school in contemporary Russia is one of the most discussed issues in our modern age. Apart from discussing traditional psychological and pedagogical issues, nowadays higher education is also discussed in terms of politics and whether the transfer to the European system of education is reasonable or not. In addition, education of economics is becoming quite popular as the branch of science where practical researches are aimed at increasing cost efficiency of education but not pedagogical or social efficiency. The object of the present research is the professional orientation activities conducted with university students. The subject of the research is peculiarities and challenges of such activities under the current socio-economic conditions. Today a student (graduate) is not only a subject of the educational process but even more often a subject and a consumer of educational services on the education market. In this article Flerov suggests that we should look at the professional orientation of graduates taking into account that with the economic recession in the background, we cannot guarantee that even a good student will be successful (meaning that he will find a good job with good prospects) after professional orientation and training. The research methods used by the author in his article include the analysis of scientific references on the matter as well as empirical data obtained by the author as part of his own experience with graduates. The main conclusion is that at this age of information availability, including information about the labor market, professional orientation should be based on age peculiarities of young people but cannot be limited to fact-finding. Today when we are witnessing the economic recession and dependence of the economic development of a university on the number of attracted graduates, universities should, on the one hand, provide the best choice of training courses and on the other hand, be rather reserved and decent in their promises. Professional development should be viewed not only as a contribution to his career and wealth success but also as an inherently valued milestone which influences the overall personal growth. The novelty of the article is caused by the fact that taking into account current socio-economic conditions, it is necessary to base working with graduates on psychological peculiarities of the youth, which remain the same at all times.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0676.2015.4.67418