Police activity - rubric Preventative work of the police

Abstract: The article contains a criminalistic study of illegal organization of gambling games as one of the forms of business activity. The statistical data the author is referring to demonstrates that since 2015, the amount of registered and investigated crimes of this type has been growing. The research object is the criminal activity aimed at organizing and holding gambling games, which is studied via the analysis of criminal indictments closed by the investigators of investigating bodies of the Investigating Committee of the Russian Federation in 2015 - 2018. The research subject is the patterns of this type of illegal activity in the service sector. The research methodology includes the administration functions developed in economics: planning, organization, motivation, coordination, revision and control. The research helps to define three types of criminal activity with account of a level of organization and criminal qualification. The first one is characterized by the organization of gambling games in one place and using one method, by a group of people upon a preliminary collusion, who combine different functional roles, with one leader performing a managerial function. The second one is performed by an organized group, in one or several places within one locality, and has particular features. The third one is a logical conclusion of illegal gambling business expansion and is performed in one or several regions by a criminal society in which each function can be executed by a special unit with its special leader.

Keywords: the detection of the crime, economic crime, criminal community, organized group, types of criminal activity, enterprise management functions, illegal gambling, gambling, investigation of crimes, operational research activities

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2022.3.38193

Abstract: The subject of the study is the public danger posed by escaping from custody. The article indicates which social institutions are harmed and what serious consequences may occur after the implementation of such a socially dangerous act as escape. Attention is drawn to the importance of studying the methods of escape from custody, since here lies the consequence of many violations in the official activities of the security and escort units of the police - the assumption by police officers of favorable conditions for committing illegal actions. The problem of shortage in the investigated police units is particularly noted. Proposals are being made to stimulate the employees of the security and escort units of the police. Most of the methods of escape from custody presented in the article are illustrated by judicial practice, which means the practical applicability of these methods by a special agent and the presence of already completed crimes, as a result of which a number of police officers have been brought to disciplinary or criminal responsibility. The main conclusions are some measures to prevent escape from pre-trial detention. The study draws a parallel between violations by police officers of the established order of protection and escort and the commission (or attempt) to escape from custody. Attention is drawn to the need to study the causes, conditions, factors contributing to the escape, only in conjunction with the study of the ways in which it is possible to escape from custody. The development of the phenomena under consideration is impossible in isolation from each other, as it entails unreliable interpretation, incorrect conclusions, and, accordingly, incorrectly formulated preventive measures, which may not be effective as a result.

Keywords: shortage, emergency incident, police officers, security and convoy unit, preliminary conclusion, violations, escape warning, method of escape, conditions, Escape from custody

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.3.40873

Abstract: The author examines the influence of deviant behavior and psychological personality traits on the tendency to dangerous driving, as well as ways to prevent dangerous driving. Modern society reacts very sharply to the state of its security, even small changes towards the destabilization of established systems cause close concern in society about the current situation. It is necessary to consider such issues, not only in the theoretical way, but also from the practical point of view, while taking into account the social nature of the problem under study. In this regard, the relevance of the study of deviant behavior and ways to prevent dangerous driving is extremely high. The object of this study is the legal relations formed in the field of safe road traffic, arising under the influence of deviant behavior of the driver of the vehicle. The subject of the study is the deviant behavior of the driver of the vehicle. The purpose of the study is to consider the reasons for the formation of deviant behavior of the driver of the vehicle. The objective of this study is to define the concept of deviant behavior of the driver of the vehicle, to consider the conditions for the formation of deviant behavior, to identify factors contributing to this process of behavior, as well as to identify elements that contribute to the prevention of dangerous driving of the driver of the vehicle. The author deduces the definition of the legal culture of the subjects of road traffic, expressed in the prevention of deviant behavior of the driver of the vehicle, and as a consequence, increasing the overall level of road safety in general.

Keywords: cultural norms, generally accepted norms, communication function, educational function, road traffic, transport vehicle, prevention of offenses, dangerous driving, deviant behavior, moral assessment

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2023.5.44102

Abstract: The subject of this study is the problem of the formation of legal awareness and legal culture among the representatives of the younger generation aged 14 to 18 years. The author notes that the legislator has a fairly broad understanding of the term "youth" (from 14 to 35 years old) it does not take into account that this category includes citizens with different levels of legal culture. Particular attention is paid to the question of the need to use pedagogical methods of forming the legal consciousness and legal culture of young people in order to create a rule of law and a healthy civil society. The problem posed in this article is considered from the pedagogical and legal points of view of the age periodization of youth. The article highlights three main problems of the formation of legal awareness among young citizens. Thus, there is an acute competition between the education system and the social environment of a young person for providing him with knowledge about the law. Pedagogical efforts to form ideas about the law in the older student are often offset by the imposition of incorrect images from the social environment. This problem is also becoming more acute due to the widespread development of digital technologies, the active users of which are young citizens. Finally, the problem of organizing legal education in connection with the entry of young citizens into the age of criminal and administrative types of legal responsibility requires independent development.

Keywords: pedagogical role, pedagogy and law, age periodization, formation of legal consciousness, responsibility of minors, legal nihilism, legal culture of minors, legal consciousness of minors, age of responsibility, digital environment

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2019.4.30262

Abstract: The research subject is the reasons and conditions of committing a crime specified in article 158.1 of the Criminal Code of Russia, scientific analysis of the problem and statistical data. The author of the article divides the reasons of crimes in question into general reasons and specific reasons. As general reasons, the author considers foreign-policy and internal impacts, corruption, legal nihilism and the weakening of particular value orientations. As specific reasons, the author considers those caused by faults in the work of particular services and companies, malpractice, failure to fulfil responsibilities and to protect the shopping facility. The research methodology is based on the following methods: analysis and comparison, logical interpretation, and the dialectical method. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the author attempts at analyzing the reasons and conditions of committing a crime specified in article 158.1 of the Criminal Code of Russia, and gives their classification. The author studies the current state of larceny. The author gives positive assessment to the position of the legislator in relation to the introduction of responsibility for petty larceny committed by a person under administrative penalty. The author explains the statement that reasons and conditions are not equal terms, but they are closely connected, and this connection manifests itself in their interaction.

Keywords: administrative offence, crime, administrative responsibility, foreign property, the causes and conditions, caution, petty theft, theft, determinate, administrative prejudice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2022.2.37789

Abstract: The subject of the study is the peculiarities of legal regulation of piloting (operation) of unmanned aircrafts. As example of such legal regulation author studied the legislation of the Russian Federation as well as the legislation of other countries. The object of the study is the conditions under which the piloting of such aircrafts is permitted from the point of view of flight safety. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as possible undesirable consequences of the use of unmanned aircraft. Particular attention is paid to the consequences that may occur in the case of malicious use of this aircrafts for criminal purposes, namely during the transportation of drugs, interception of valuable cargo, interception of traffic information flows, intentional or accidental injury to people. The study presents the main problematic issues that need to be addressed by legislation. The main contribution of this study is detection of the problematic issues that need to be addressed by Russian legislation as well as by the norms of international law in terms of ensuring flight safety in all its manifestations. A special contribution of the authors of the research is a practical overview of the main safety threats caused by the use of the unmanned aircrafts. The novelty of the research lies in the systematization of these threats (especially personnel training for remotely piloted aircraft flaws). This scientific work can be considered as a set of measures to improve safety during the operation of unmanned aircraft.

Keywords: threats from drones, surveillance of objects, drug smuggling, Wi-Fi signal interception, GSM signal interception, training of drone pilots, countering drones, law enforcement agencies, unmanned aircraft, prohibition of the operation of drones

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2019.1.24328

Abstract: The author considers the problem of road accidents, particularly those involving child injury cases, which are among the most frequent reasons of child mortality. The author demonstrates statistical data allowing to conclude on the effectiveness of the work of public authorities in this field. The author studies the rules of child transportation inside the vehicle and the problem of using special child retaining devices depending on the child’s age, and proposes the variants of solving this problem. The research is based on general scientific methods: generalization and deduction. As specific research methods, the author uses modeling and legal norms interpretation. The author concludes about the necessity to systematically change the attitude of citizens towards the issue of traffic safety. To achieve this goal, a new compulsory subject should be included in school curriculum, and the idea of personal responsibility for the lives of passengers should be ingrained in drivers’ minds.

Keywords: road environment, traffic accident, vehicle, rules of safe behavior, special retaining device, child traffic injury rate, traffic safety, driver, passenger, traffic participant

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.1.14255

Abstract: The subject of the article contains the legal and organizational problems of the police activities on crime prevention in foreign countries. The object of the article is the circle of social relations connected with the prevention of administrative offences. The authors pay special attention to the forms and methods of activity of the police in prevention of administrative offences in foreign countries. Special attention is paid to the theoretical aspects of this problem. The methodology of the article is based on the modern achievements of epistemology. The authors used the general philosophical, theoretical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation), the traditional legal methods, and the methods used in the concrete sociological research. The main conclusions touch upon the improvement of the legislation on administrative offences. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it carried out a comprehensive assessment of the activities of the police in the prevention of various offenses and justified the system approach which is appropriate to use in combating crimes and administrative offences. The specific contribution of the article is that it's made the conclusion that a significant result in ensuring the rule of law and the protection of citizens' rights from various illegal encroachments can be achieved only on the basis of an integrated approach to crime prevention.

Keywords: delictology, law, offence, state, preventive measures, police, delict, right, law and order, prevention

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.1.66055

Abstract: The subject of the article contains the legal and organizational problems of the police activities on crime prevention in foreign countries. The object of the article is the circle of social relations connected with the prevention of administrative offences. The authors pay special attention to the forms and methods of activity of the police in prevention of administrative offences in foreign countries. Special attention is paid to the theoretical aspects of this problem. The methodology of the article is based on the modern achievements of epistemology. The authors used the general philosophical, theoretical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation), the traditional legal methods, and the methods used in the concrete sociological research. The main conclusions touch upon the improvement of the legislation on administrative offences. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it carried out a comprehensive assessment of the activities of the police in the prevention of various offenses and justified the system approach which is appropriate to use in combating crimes and administrative offences. The specific contribution of the article is that it’s made the conclusion that a significant result in ensuring the rule of law and the protection of citizens’ rights from various illegal encroachments can be achieved only on the basis of an integrated approach to crime prevention.

Keywords: Delictology, law, offence, state, preventive measures, police, delict, right, law and order, prevention

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2024.2.70107

Abstract: The subject of the study is the identification of factors affecting road safety by drivers of vehicles.The object of the study is the psychological and pedagogical factors influencing the provision of road safety by elderly drivers in the process of self-study. The authors carry out an administrative and legal analysis of the status of the driver of the vehicle within the framework of the legislation of the Russian Federation. Statistical data on road traffic accidents committed by drivers of various age groups for 9 months of 2022 are disclosed. The authors provide statistics on accident rates caused by drivers with different driving experience. The authors analyze the problem of limiting the use of vehicles by elderly drivers from the point of view of their social activity and the adaptation of elderly drivers to new conditions for ensuring road safety when driving. The authors pay special attention to the study of physiological and psychological changes occurring in older drivers and affecting safety when driving a vehicle. The authors propose the introduction of a specialized self-education program for elderly drivers as part of the prevention of road safety. In the course of the research, the dialectical method of scientific cognition was used, as well as a set of general scientific and special methods for studying factors affecting the safety of elderly drivers when driving vehicles. Implementation of scientific findings and recommendations in the practice of self-education of elderly drivers in safe driving. The main conclusions of the study are the system components obtained by the authors that affect road safety when driving vehicles by elderly drivers. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is their proposed specialized self-study program. The authors note that programs should take into account the physiological and psychological characteristics of older people. They may include game directions for teaching changes in traffic rules, features of safe driving techniques applicable without the use of specialized polygons, as well as stress management methods and self-regulation techniques, a set of exercises to increase concentration. The novelty of the study lies in the disclosure of the main provisions of the program for self-education of elderly drivers in safe driving, taking into account their physiological and psychological characteristics.

Keywords: risk group, driving experience, cognitive changes, accident rates, road users, car, self-study, driver, elderly drivers, physiological changes

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2018.1.26150

Abstract: The subject of the research of the criminal law, administrative law and civil law provisions that serve as the legal measures to fight against drug abuse of the most vulnerable part of the society, the underaged. The object of the research is the social relations between law enforcement authorities, social organisations, minors and their legally authorized representatives that may arise in the field of prevention of drug and substance abuse of minors. The authors of the article underline the importance of not only legal measures of drug abuse prevention but also pedagogical measures that should be performed in combination with legal measures. Apart from coercive measures, such issues as persuasion measures and special training of officials are also growing important. The research methodology implies a combination of general and special research methods such as dialectical analysis, formal law, comparative law and content-analysis. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors have attempted to offer a number of rules for creating drug and substance abuse preventive programs for minors. In addition, the novelty of the research also lies in the authors' discussion about the need to apply all legal measures available, i.e. criminal law, administrative law and civil law measures. The authors prove that one should not focus on crimina law measures only and associated measures of official enforcement. The main conclusion of the research is that it is impossible to achieve the proper efficiency of drug abuse prevention, especially of minors, by using only legal enforcement and prohibitions.

Keywords: police, drug trafficking, offense, substance abuse, addiction, note of warning, prevention, pedagogical measures, minors, legal measures

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2014.1.11033

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2014.1.63887

Abstract: The article presents the results of the study of the phenomenon of social aggression in juvenile age. Special role in this sphere belongs to the influence of significant, so-called personality forming factors. That is why the mistakes in developing psychological and pedagogical work with children determines manifestation of aggressive personal qualities. The forms of social, biological and individual personal behavior determination have certain importance in social genesis of a juvenile person. Psychological personal qualities and its statuses in the process of social genesis are flexible and changeable. That is why the process of formation of aggressive behavior patterns may be disrupted. This process has initial characteristics, which may be called pre-deviant ones. The methodological basis for the scientific article was formed by the modern achievements of the cognitive theory. In the process of studies the author used general philosophical, theoretical, empiric methods (dialectics, systemic method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, modeling), traditional legal methods (formal logic), methods used in specific sociological studies (statistic, expert evaluation, etc.). Relevant personal qualities are social matters, personal qualities or social situations, detonating the normal personal development process and threatening its harmonious maturing. However, it should be kept in mind that socialization and social genesis processes in a person are methodologically related and close, and they are simultaneously directed at the formation of the individual personality.

Keywords: person, juvenile, aggression, prophylactics, police, person, activity, work, method.

Abstract: the article presents a research of legal and organizational fundamentals of establishment and development of the police system of the United States. It also describes the police activity, defines the stages in the development of legislation about the police law.

Keywords: police, America, state, theory, security, police officer, defence, system, compulsion, weapon, thought.

Keywords: politsiya, Amerika, gosudarstvo, teoriya, okhrana, politseiskii, zashchita, sistema, prinuzhdenie, oruzhie

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2018.5.27747

Abstract: At this stage Russia's law-enforcement system is facing all kinds of threats and challenges. One of such threats is the crime level, in particular, the most dangerous crimes such as recidivism and crime committed by minors. Recidivism is one of the most dangerous criminal phenomenon and actual threat for the national security that is of concern to both society and state. Involvement of minors makes the situation even more dangerous. At the same time, a considerable number of minors committing a crime were already convicted in the past. The methodological basis of the research is a set of general and special research methods such as systems approach, logical analysis, analytical method, generalisation, and law analysis. Having reached the major age, most of the criminals who were already imprisoned commit even worse second crime and create the core of recidivism. According to the author, this happens because the government legal policy has drawbacks in the part that regulates prevention of minor recidivism. The aforesaid circumstances outline the need in a more detailed research and in-depth legal development of the issues that arise as a result of the second crime committed by a minor. The aim of this research is to define the main drawbacks of the state criminal law policy in the part that prevents recidivism of minors and to offer relevant solutions. The conclusions of the research allow to make a statement that by keeping the record of recidivism crime committed by minors it will be possible to purposefully and systematically use all possibilities of the law-enforcement system in relation to a criminal.

Keywords: organised crime, re-offending, administrative supervision, juvenile delinquency, minors, recidivism, criminal law, crime, criminal policy, convict

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.1.16685

Abstract: The research subject is the study of judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The case of Engel precedent serves as a basis for differentiating between criminal and administrative offences. The case of Engel serves as a basis for reconsidering the decisions of Russian courts thus actualizing the issue of optimization of criminal and administrative offences, provided in special parts of the Criminal Code and the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. The research methodology comprises the recent achievements of epistemology. The author applies general philosophical and theoretical methods (dialectics, the systems method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, and modeling), traditional legal methods (formal-logical), and the methods of specific sociological research (statistical, expert assessments, etc.). The author concludes the at present, in order to efficiently optimize criminal and administrative sanctions in financial and economic sphere it is necessary to apply the complex approach, based on the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the formed doctrine provisions about legal liability in the national system of law. The novelty of the research lies in the proposals about using the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, particularly, the case of Engel, for differentiating the system of criminal and administrative sanctions. The article is prepared within the government task of the Financial University for 2015. The article is written using the “Consultant” system.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.1.67400

Keywords: improvement, precedent, administrative prejudice, economics, penalty, sphere, legislation, sanction, analysis, practice

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.2.14598

Abstract: The article considers the social relations appearing in the process of minor crimes prevention. The subject of the research includes the measures of prevention. The author considers the essence of the general social measures of minor crimes prevention and, in particular, the measures aimed at the preservation of the institution of familly in Russia. The research is aimed at the disclosure of the main reasons for minor crimes and the development of suggestions about the system of minor crimes combating. Recently the amount of grave crimes among minors has increased. Narcomania among minors has reached enormous scales. The authors use the dialectic method of study, the comparative method, analysis and deduction. The authors reveal a close interrelation between economical and moral reasons of crimes committed by minors. Undoubtedly, the institution of family, undergoing crisis in Russia, affects minor crimes rate. The novelty of the research lies in the complex consideration of the institution of family as a factor influencing the minor crimes rate. The authors suggest the specific measures of minor crimes prevention. Considerable part of them is connected with the enhancement of family policy in Russia.

Keywords: consumption cult, professional criminal, crime factor, family policy, crime, prevention of crimes, hooliganism, property stratification, boarding schools, latency of crime

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.2.66305

Keywords: consumption cult, professional criminal, crime factor, family policy, crime, prevention of crimes, hooliganism, property stratification, boarding schools, latency of crime

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.2.14876

Abstract: 1. Social conditions of development play an important role in the formation of aggressive tendencies in an adolescent's behavior. Primarily, this should be judged in terms of relations: relationship of a person with his/her environment. An adverse social environment with long-term conflict situations, parental alcoholism, family members' aggression to each other, often cruelty - all these form the traits of affective explosiveness, anger, and hightened readiness for a conflict and conflict behavior. These traits will later form accentuated streaks. Therefore, a school psychologyst should pay attention to the social conditions of pupils development. Antidisciplinary behavior is most typical for teens living in unsatisfactory or not quite satisfactory social conditions. Psychological and educational desolation of a child is considered to be the main criterion of unsatisfactory conditions of development. 2. The methodology of the research is based on the modern achievements of epistemology. The author uses the general philosophical and theoretical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation), the traditional legal methods, and the methods used in sociological research.3. The main conclusions of the study concern the improvement of psychological and pedagogical research of phenomenology of antidisciplinary behavior of adolescents. Special contribution of the article consists in the continuation of the research of phenomenology of antidisciplinary behavior of adolescents, started by the author in previous editions, where he systematically revealed some problems of antidisciplinary behavior of adolescents.

Keywords: antidisciplinary, disadaptation , development, social, consciousness, education, Family, work, child, people

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.2.66306

Keywords: antidisciplinary, disadaptation, development, social, consciousness, education, Family, work, child, people

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2013.2.62481

Abstract: the article is about administrative and legal means of crime prevention in the sphere of national security. The mentioned means are as follows: the cause and reason promoting the realization of the threats to the security of the Russian Federation and make an official warning to the physical body. An important role of the implementation of such measures in the framework of the national security is stated.

Keywords: administrative, legal, means, preventive measures, prevention, presentation, official, caution, offence, crime.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2013.3.62952

Abstract: It is noted in the article that violence inevitably appears in all spheres of human communication, which involve submission of will of one person or group of persons to another, including the relations between family members, social groups, classes and entire peoples, no matter what the level of development of society is. It also should be noted that violence may be interpreted as a purposive forceful coercion of one subject over another subject, which is performed with a certain goal against the agreement, will and interests of the latter subject.

Keywords: family, spouses, violence, coercion, sex, woman, group, will, domestic, sphere, home.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2013.3.62953

Abstract: The article includes analysis of the problems regarding the guarantees of criminological security and the need to formulate a new strategy of prevention of crimes by the ministry of internal affairs personnel. The article may be of interests for the practical workers in the MIA system, as well as to the students of the educational institutions of the MIA of Russia.

Keywords: criminology, security, prevention, prophylactic, crime, interception, police, MIA, police officer.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.2.17636

Abstract: The author of the research pays attention to the prevention of crime as one of the most effective forms of fight against crimes. The author notes that the state regularly proclaims crimes prevention as the top priority of political, economic and social development. But due to particular objective and subjective reasons, this process hasn’t been finished yet, and is still permanently improving. One of the objective reasons is the onrush of technologies, information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, the mass usage of computing facilities, mobile devices, and the involvement of the society in the network services, including on-line financial operations, and others. The author emphasizes that scientific researches in the sphere of prevention of crimes are important in the theoretical studies of criminal law experts, but are not timely applied in practice. The author recommends using the results of achievements of the IT-industry and other special forensic instruments, including the internet, in preventive activities.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.2.67483

Keywords: kriminalistika, preduprezhdenie, profilaktika, Internet, informatsionnye tekhnologii, obshchestvo, gosudarstvo, ugrozy

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2013.4.9438

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2013.4.63236

Abstract: The article is devoted to the place and role of the police within the system of prophylactics of the juvenile offences. As the studies have shown, a certain part of juveniles have became criminally active population of our country. The criminal statistics up to 1990s had shown relatively slow growth of the juvenile crime (about 11-12 per cent each 15 years). Starting with 1991 there was a considerable growth of number of juvenile criminals. In 1991-2012 the numbers grew by 46 per cent. Currently the juveniles form one of the most criminal groups of people. T he number of offences by the juveniles grew six times faster than the number of the people in this age group. Juveniles started to commit unlawful acts, which were previously not characteristic to them (dealing arms, narcotic and psychoactive substances, high technologies, robbery, failure to comply with lawful requests of a police officer, etc.).

Keywords: offence, children, delict, police, activities, form, method, tragedy, delinquency, elements, control.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2013.4.63237

Abstract: Children amount to more than a quarter of the people of the Russian Federation. However, in the course of social and economic reform the state government and municipal bodies have failed to provide guarantees of protection for the juveniles from the negative consequences of transitional period. The aggravation of social and political situation in Russia had a considerable negative impact on the position of the juvenile. The crises in many spheres of state government directly influenced the situation in the sphere of juvenile offences. As the studies had shown.

Keywords: juveniles, children, behavior, offence, discipline, character, offence, condition, adaptation, trait, accident.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.3.17124

Abstract: The increase of the number of cases of domestic violence against women and/or children has become a national problem of the modern democratic societies. The importance of elimination of such crimes by means of study of the motivation and the reasons of domestic violence (psychical/physical) is growing. The government mechanisms of domestic violence prevention are insufficient. There is no general national strategy in this field; the system of government assistance to the victims of domestic violence is very weak. The author applies the general philosophical method of cognition – materialist dialectic in the form of logic and cognition. The author applies the system method helping to consider the factors, motives and reasons of domestic violence, and the preventive measures which correlate with each other and the environment. The main directions of the government social policy, which should assist in domestic violence prevention, include health protection, the policy of avoiding family conflicts (this function should be imposed on the police), the policy of education and cultural traditions installing, youth policy and the correlated labor policy.

Keywords: social consequences , social coercion, health, type of crimes, family values, legislation, Istanbul Convention, prevention, domestic violence, criminology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.3.67719

Keywords: social consequences, social coercion, health, type of crimes, family values, legislation, Istanbul Convention, prevention, domestic violence, criminology

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2014.4.12487

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2014.4.65328

Abstract: Children form over a quarter of the population of the Russian Federation. In the course of social and economic reform state and municipal bodies have failed to guarantee necessary means of protection of juveniles from downsides and negative consequences of the transitional period. Difficulties in social and political situation in Russia put many juveniles into critical situations. Crises in many state administration spheres had a negative influence upon the situation in the sphere of juvenile offences. As the studies have shown juveniles have formed a criminally active segment of population in Russia. In the process of research the article involved both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, deduction, induction, etc.) and specific scientific methods (comparative legal method was involved in studying the legislative norms regarding activities of internal affairs bodies in the sphere of prevention of offences committed by the juveniles); documental analysis in the sphere of thesis study. The methods of research allowed to deal with the large amount of empirical materials via observations of the authors within the relevant aspects of thesis studies. In the process of studies the researchers studied the materials on administrative activities of the internal affairs bodies in the sphere of prevention and interception of juvenile offences, as well as to state reports on situation regarding children in the Russian Federation. Criminal statistics showed a rather small growth of juvenile crime till 1990s (about 11-12% each five years). Starting with 1991 there was a rapid growth of juvenile crime. In 1991-2014 the marker showed 46 per cent. Currently juveniles are among the most criminal categories of persons. Juvenile crime in Russia has been growing about six times faster than general number of persons in this age category. The juveniles now commit illegal acts, which were previously typical for grown-up criminals (selling weapons, narcotic and psychoactive substances, high technology crime, robbery, failure to comply with the lawful requests of a police officer, etc.).

Keywords: police, Juvenile Delinquents Divisions, child, juvenile, police, prophylactics, method, form, coercion, conviction.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.4.17236

Abstract: The research subject is the range of questions of traffic organization as the elements of the road safety provision mechanism. The research object is the set of social relations in the sphere of traffic organization. The authors consider the problem of inconformity of Russian transport system with the needs of socio-economic development of the country. The government’s attention should be focused on the system approach to road safety provision which includes the application of complex measures aimed at road accidents prevention and their consequences lightening. Special attention is paid at technical equipment of roads as the objects of transport infrastructure. The majority of road accidents caused by the operating condition of roads include the absence or poor visibility of horizontal road markings, the absence of traffic signs in places where they are needed; improper use or poor visibility of traffic signs. Technical equipment of roads to a large extent promotes traffic stabilization, safety, economic efficiency and comfort of traffic, decreases the damaging impact of traffic on the environment. The research methodology includes the system of general and special scientific methods, based on the dialectical theory. The authors apply the system and formal logical methods (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, comparison and others), the structural-functional and other methods. The authors suggest the ways of traffic organization improvement, particularly the establishment of a uniform legal framework of road traffic organization in Russia; the creation of the conditions and mechanisms of traffic organization aimed at safety and sustainability provision; the decrease of economic losses in road traffic; the formation of a uniform approach to traffic organization on the territories of municipalities and districts; the creation of a legal framework for the coordination of the activities of federal executive authorities, regional authorities, local authorities and roads’ owners in the sphere of traffic organization. The authors analyze the condition of road traffic safety in the Russian Federation; demonstrate the role of the state in the transport system functioning and development; reveal the problems and inconformity of the transport system of Russia with the needs of socio-economic development of the country; offer the ways of road traffic organization improvement. The authors conclude that the improvement and development of road traffic organization promote the stabilization of traffic, road safety provision, economic efficiency and comfort of traffic.

Keywords: national standard, road markings, road signs, road accident, road traffic organization, technical equipment, road users, roads, traffic safety, transport system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.4.67969

Keywords: national standard, road markings, road signs, road accident, road traffic organization, technical equipment, road users, roads, traffic safety, transport system

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.6.16485

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the variants of road safety improvement. Among the variety of approaches and means of pedestrians’ safety ensuring, the authors focus their attention on the passive means. The subject of a special attention is retro-reflecting elements. The authors study the accessible foreign experience and statistics of road accidents, involving pedestrians, and focus on such an affective and affordable instrument as retro-reflecting elements (flickers). The novelty of the study consists in the consideration and classification of the main types of retro-reflecting elements. The authors analyze the psychological mechanism of their impact on drivers and some aspects of perception. The authors conclude that it is necessary to broaden the sphere of development and use of retro-reflecting elements for pedestrians’ safety ensuring. The authors offer to improve the quality of flickers, their compulsory certification and the promotion of culture of personal safety ensuring among pedestrians. The information and analytical material is aimed at the guaranteeing of life and health of pedestrians and conforms to the modern tendencies and innovations in the sphere of road safety ensuring.

Keywords: pedestrian, traffic accident, road safety, passive safety, reflective element, flicker, perception, traffic police, traffic police officers, traffic light

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.6.67201

Keywords: perception, flicker, retro-reflecting elements, passive means of safety ensuring, road safety, traffic accident, pedestrian, traffic police, traffic police officers, traffic light

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.6.16593

Abstract: The author of the article studies the role of giving a bribe as a condition for criminalization or decriminalization of prostitution. This activity is determined as a crime from the position of criminal law and, partially, of criminal procedure. The author notes the relative effectiveness of the mechanisms of criminal liability imposition and the difficulties of collection of evidence of the committed crime. For the demonstration of the necessity to determine prostitution as a bribe or the absence of a bribe, the author analyzes material and procedural law and their correlation with respect to prostitution. The methodological base of the study includes the set of general scientific and special methods: system-structural, analysis, synthesis, formal-legal, logical, comparative-legal, statistical and others. The author concludes that it is clear why non-material welfares, particularly, prostitution, are not considered as subjects of bribe. According to the current legislation, prostitution services proposed by the subject (a briber or a mediator) or paid by him should be determined as “giving of bribe”, “mediation in bribery”, “drawing into prostitution”, or “engagement in prostitution”. In this case there is also a problem of collection of evidence of the guilt.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.6.67202

Keywords: criminalization, taking a bribe, prostitution, non-material welfares, bribe, subject of bribery, corruption, mediation, crime, bribery

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.6.17062

Abstract: The recent events demonstrate that criminality is still on the level, threatening the safety of the population. On the base of the analysis, the author concludes that criminality is still dangerous for the safety of the population. The author notes that within the crime prevention system, the work with the victims of crimes (victimological prevention) plays an important role. It is noted that anti-criminogenic potential of victimological prevention is used insufficiently due to several reasons. The research is based on the set of general scientific and special methods of cognition. The methodological basis of the study comprises the dialectical method with its requirements of objectivity, comprehensiveness, historicism and clarity of truth. Among general scientific methods of research the author applies the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, measurement. The comparative-legal method is used as a special research method. The analysis of the work of law machinery and the theoretical scientific works demonstrates that the issue of the use of the potential of victimological prevention is still the problem of today. Its solution is an urgent necessity, since the absence of victimological prevention of its insufficient use reduces the efficiency of prevention of crimes in general.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2015.6.67203

Keywords: public safety, international experience, criminal law, victim, victims of crimes, victimological prevention, law machinery, crime, legal regulation, methodology of systematization

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2014.6.13557

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2014.6.65943

Abstract: The article represents the results of the research of the aggressive social tendencies among the teenagers with deviant behavior. The behavior is considered deviant, if there are persistently displayed deviations from the social norms, as the deviations of a mercenary, aggressive orientation, or the deviations of a socio-passive type. Among the social deviations of a mercenary orientation are the delinquencies and actions connected with the aspiration for a material, a monetary, or a property benefi t (theft, larceny, speculation, patronage etc.). The social deviations of aggressive orientation are expressed in the actions against personality (insult, hooliganism, beating, rape, murders). The deviations of a socio-passive type are expressed in the aspiration for the escape from the active social life, in the civic responsibilities and debts evasion, in the unwillingness to solve personal or social problems. Among such deviations is the evasion from work or study, vagrancy, the use of alcohol, drugs or toxic substances which create the world of illusions and destroy the mentality. The extreme manifestation of a socio-passive position of a person is suicide. It is established that all examined teenagers systematically demonstrated the unacceptable behavior, treated impudently and cruelly their peers and the juniors, and the elders. The research of their anamnesis showed that the aggressive behavior had become habitual for them, and in the situations with the possible alternatives they had chosen the illegal ways of behavior. The methodological base of the research consists of the up-to-date achievements of epistemology. The author uses the theoretical, the general philosophical methods (dialectics, the system method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, modeling), the traditional juridical methods (formal logical), and the methods which are used in the special sociological research (statistical, expert evaluation, etc.). The results of the research of the unproductive patterns of teenagers’ behavior show that such patterns are the results of the habitual (subjective) coping strategies. It is traditionally assumed that the coping strategies of behavior are typical for particular persons, and are formed spontaneously or as the results of special trainings. As the delinquent teenagers didn’t have any special training, their behavior is the result of a spontaneous upbringing. In the modern Western psychology the social paternalism school is considered as a continuation of neobehaviorism, and this approach, as the results of the research testify, is theoretically substantiated. The cognitive strategy prevails in the behavior of 24, 7 – 25, 1% of teenagers of the both age groups, and of 27, 3 – 23% of teenagers living in Moscow and in the Russian regions. It means that the socio-psychological features of their unproductive behavior can be described in such semantic symbols as implacability, confusion, ignorance, and the set of their own importance.

Keywords: Aggressiveness, hostility, teenager, youth, delinquency, delict, delinquent, environment, function, resistance.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.6.20675

Abstract: The irreplaceability of railway transport is obvious. At the same time, it is necessary to take steps to prevent crimes in this sphere. The most effective ways of means of transportation and railroads disablement prevention can be found using the complex approach by all public authorities, directly or indirectly connected with the transport of railroad system. Only the broadside approach to the implementation of the task of crime prevention in any sphere of social relations can lead to a fruitful result, expressed in the public understanding of the significance of the protected relations, the unavoidability of punishment, the social harm and the interest of the society in the avoidance of the wrongful act. The author applies the comparative-legal method, analysis and synthesis. The problems of prevention of means of transportation and railroad disablement in the Republic of Abkhazia haven’t been studied so far. It is obvious that railway transport in Abkhazia can’t be substituted by any other mode of transport. To prevent crimes in this sphere it is necessary to take the following steps: control by public authorities, work with the population, monitoring of public authorities by superior bodies for the purpose of control over the execution of their functions.

Keywords: railroad, damage, wrongful act, crime prevention, prevention of crime, mode of transport, control, crime, public authority, criminal penalty

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0692.2016.6.68434