Abstract: The subject of this research is the generally-accepted principles and norms of international law and legislation in the area of securing the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. The object of the research is the social relations that emerge in the sphere of provision of territorial integrity of countries that are complicated by the armed conflicts and political crises. The author characterizes the complicating intergovernmental relations regarding the emerging crises, armed conflicts, and the resulting territorial transformations of the countries. A special attention is given to the legal bases of securing the territorial integrity of the country along with further proposals for improvements to the legislation of the Russian Federation in the said field. Among the conclusions of this work are the following: the threats to the territorial integrity under the current conditions are changing shape; the realization of the growing interests of leading countries is conducted in violation of international law; there is a need for a modern consideration of the experience of territorial changes in the world and improvement of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, threats to territorial integrity, collapse of a state, norms of international law, strategies for territorial integrity, government apparatus, integrity of the country, unity, territorial problem, improvements to legislation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66131

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.13952

Abstract: This research focuses on the Constitution of the PRC, laws and normative legal acts that pertain to the aspects of national security of the PRC. The object of this research is the legalities and tendencies of development of the social relations that are forming within the PRC in the process of ensuring national security of the country. The author gives a detail review of such aspects and topics as the normative legal acts of the People’s Republic of China, which regulate the issues of ensuring the national security of the country. A special attention is given to the possibilities of implementing a number of its institutions in order to improve the legislation of the Russian Federation. Among the conclusion of the conducted research is that the consideration of the special aspects of the administrative-legal insurance of national security in the PRC would contribute to improvement of the Russian legislation in this area and the more precise definition of the key directions of collaboration between the Russian and Chinese branches of national security on resolving common problems of ensuring national security.

Keywords: national security, corruption, terrorism, state secret, counterintelligence, Ministry of National Defense, State Council of the PRC, spying, White Paper of the PRC, PRC

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66132

Keywords: national security, corruption, terrorism, state secret, counterintelligence, Ministry of National Defense, State Council of the PRC, spying, White Paper of the PRC, PRC

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14423

Abstract: The subject of the article is the legislation that establishes the procedure for the function of the payment systems on the territory of the Russian Federation. The article examines the basic concepts, procedure for allowing organizations to implement the functions of the operator of the payment system, as well as the permissibility and civil-legal consequences of a unilateral refusal to provide payment services. The author gives a thorough examination of the aspects such as processes of globalization that introduce new phenomena in the regulation of foreign economic relations in the world as a whole, and in separate states. Special attention is given to the issues such as increasing cross-border payments and the inclusion of foreign persons into the process of provision of payment services. When writing of the work we used the following General methods research: comparative law, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis of the dialectical method axiology. The threats in the economic sphere have a rather complex nature. This means that economic security is affected by various factors, and not only purely economic. Factors such as geopolitical, social, environmental, and many others have a significant effect upon the economic security. The stability of the national payment system is directly related to the security of the state. Otherwise, the participation of foreign entities in the payment system can be used (and is used) as a means of economic pressure on the state in the political struggle.

Keywords: world trade, foreign economic relations, economic security, national payment system, payment system, operator of the payment system, payment services, civil legal obligations, foreign economic activity, foreign trade law

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66133

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14220

Abstract: The subject of this research is the basic categories of the conceptual apparatus of the theory of national security: "danger" and "threat". Effective functionality of the system for ensuring national security of the state is impossible without a clear and unambiguous understanding of the essence and content of the basic categories in the theory of national security. Only unambiguous interpretation and understanding of these categories will allow the security subjects to provide quality planning of events on insurance of national security of the Russian Federation. The results obtained in the course of the research allow making a number of conclusions. Firstly, despite the lengthy study of the categories, "danger" and "threat" in the theory of national security were never taken to the point of a unified concept. Secondly, the implementation of these categories in the normative legal documents differs in nature and content, and does not fully reflect the essence of the processes that take place within the system of ensuring national security. Thirdly, the system of ensuring national security should be designed with consideration of both, the explicit and implicit (including unknown) hazards and threats, as only in this case we can speak about the possibility of implementing its functions. The author proposes solutions to the above problems.

Keywords: national security strategy, Federal law, Russian Federation, national security, security, threat, danger, categories in the theory of security, system of national security, state

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66134

Keywords: national security strategy, Federal law, Russian Federation, national security, security, threat, danger, categories in the theory of security, system of national security, state

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14173

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the solution of the issue of returning the capital from offshore back to Russia (de-offshorization). The object of this research is the world offshore centers that provide tax “sanctuary” for the Russian capital. The research focuses on the mechanisms, methods, and tools that would allow returning this capital back into the Russian economy. The article analyzes the causes of appearance of offshore zones and their functional direction, and unravels the notion of offshore business. It further analyzes the main incentives that are offered to the residents of the offshore zones. An evaluation is given to the bases for emerging and the scale of functionality of the global offshore business. The author examines the causes for the capital outflow from Russia into the offshore zones and proposes the organizational-legal measures in order to resolve this problem. The result of this research became the analysis of the causes and consequences of the offshorization of global economic system, assessment of the negative effects of this phenomenon for Russia, and development of number of proposals on de-offshorization of the Russian economy in order to form a comprehensive financial mechanism that would stimulate the development of investment attractiveness of the country.

Keywords: public administration, investment attractiveness, offshorization of economy, tax evasion, tax planning, tax breaks, offshore business, offshore zone, entrepreneurial activity, competitiveness

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66135

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.12379

Abstract: Abstract: One of the goals of the “Concept of Long-term Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to the year 2020” is the security of citizens and society by support of a high level of national security and defense capability of the country, including economic and commodity security. Under the conditions of forming an innovational economy, where the leading role belongs to the human creative potential and intellect, the significant portion of the GDP is shifted towards the products that are a result of intellectual activity. The analysis of the volume and range of counterfeit products demonstrates its massive scale on the Russian market. One of the paramount national tasks becomes the complex and system-wide policy aimed at a fight against counterfeit products. As a result, the subject of this article defines provision of economic security of a nation as a key component of provision national security. The problem with counterfeit products on the Russian market is being reviewed from the positions of a systemic approach, which allows determining the scale and range of counterfeit products, types of threats, and the impact of counterfeit products upon the state of economic security of the country. The authors propose the implementation of product standardization as one of the effective instruments in a fight against counterfeit products on the Russian market. The article proves that the counterfeit products represent a direct threat to the economic security of the country.

Keywords: counterfeit, intellectual property, counterfeit sector of the economy, fake, anti-counterfeit policy, customs authorities, economic security, Customs Union, intellectual piracy, standardization

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66136

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14147

Abstract: This article examines the debatable category of "state terrorism". The object of this research is the certain illegal activity perpetrated by a state, for example, the organization of revolutions, active financial and military support of the opposition, the illegal listening of foreign embassies, murders of politicians and other illegal actions that are carried out by intelligence services of one state on the territory of another. The subject of research is normative-legal regulation contained in the international legal documents on state accountability for such illegal activity. The main conclusion of this research is that the actions related to policy of “state terrorism” are extremely difficult to diagnose as basis for international accountability of a state. Nevertheless, taking into account the illegality and big social danger of the state terrorism, it is necessary to promote the development of the universal international standards for further determination of such activity as the basis for international accountability of the states.

Keywords: secret services, use of force, internationnal responsibility, revolution, opposition, state terrorism, international law, security, secret operations, legal regulation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66137

Keywords: secret services, use of force, internationnal responsibility, revolution, opposition, state terrorism, international law, security, secret operations, legal regulation

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14142

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the analysis and systematization of current scientific knowledge on the nature of color revolutions, from the so-called "Velvet Revolutions" in Eastern Europe, to the latest color revolutions of "Arab Spring", "White Ribbons Revolution" in Russia, "Euromaidan" 2013-2014, in Ukraine and the "Umbrella Revolution" of 2014 in Hong Kong. The author pays particular attention to the examination of the possibilities of repeating the scenario of the color revolution in Russia, analyzing the first attempt of the United States to destabilize the situation in Russia using the protest movement. The author concludes that the risks of the script color revolution in Russia perpetrated by the Western countries continue to grow, especially noticeable on the background of devaluation of the ruble and growing economic crisis. However, the results of this research indicate that the Russian "non-systemic opposition" in principle cannot serve as the ideological and organizational driving force for the color revolution, as by its parameters it does not fit within the basic Anglo-Saxon scheme and does not meet the requirements for the leaders and activists of the modern color revolutions.

Keywords: state, conflict, color revolutions, USA, national security, politics, Russia, interests, values, war

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66138

Keywords: state, conflict, color revolutions, USA, national security, politics, Russia, interests, values, war

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14437

Abstract: This paper analyzes the approaches of a number of countries towards maintaining their military-industrial base that is capable of supporting their national security, as well as a range of maneuvers available to them within the political continuum in the context of globalization. Available empirical evidence shows that globalization has transformed the structure of incentives for small and medium-sized countries. Despite the fact that the countries such as Sweden, South Africa, and Israel have a high level of defense-industrial autonomy, and were forced to make significant reforms in order to preserve the military-industrial complexes in the context of globalization. Considering Russia's initiatives in building the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union, the issues of integration, the specialization and distribution of labor between the two countries, especially in the sphere of military-industrial industry, seem particularly relevant. The author concludes that small countries can restructure their defense agencies to increase their contribution into national security and successfully compete in the global arms market. It is obvious that the government has a number of options to achieve this goal, including various combinations of exports and foreign direct investments. Alternative ways to support countries own defense industry suggests that the military-industrial globalization, in terms of the international system will not lead to the disappearance of the national defense industry, and will not strengthen the larger nations at the expense of smaller ones. Competent and patriotically-minded leaders have all the conditions and institutional mechanisms to be able to raise the level of the national security system in their countries, while maintaining strategic internal capabilities and increasing export of defense components and systems.

Keywords: technology transfer, military-industrial complex, military-technical cooperation, defense markets, armaments, national security, defense industrial policy, globalization, regional security, international security

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66139

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66140

Abstract: The subject of this research is determination of approaches towards development of tools for managing the economic security of an enterprise. The object of the research is the economic relations focused on the preservation of property complex, which are currently focused on the management of the business as a whole. The author gives a thorough examination to the nature of the distinctive features of economic security management offered on the basis of identification of such management types as the efficiency and competitiveness management, risk management and crisis management. A special attention is given to the need for a systematic approach. Methodology for the development of tools to ensure economic security includes sequencing methods and mechanisms to ensure stable operation of the business entity and its survival in the specific conditions of conducting financial and economic activities. The novelty of the research lies in justifying the classification means and measures to ensure economic security on the basis of their grouping and presentation in the form of a cybernetic model of the enterprise "input-process-output". Classification criterion will be the goal, achieving which, will require the use of various tools: means and methods to ensure the supply of resources, and the improvements to the efficiency of their use or minimization of their losses.

Keywords: efficiency, competitiveness, risk management, business entity, enterprise, system of management, economic security, tools, crisis management, ensure

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66141

Abstract: The subject of the research is the aspects of determining the threats to economic security in the area of tourism. The author attempts to develop a way to assess the threats to economic security of the tourism industry at the macro and micro levels. Macroeconomic level is represented by a system of indicators, which have a high elasticity in relation to the macroeconomic situation in the tourism sector and are interrelated. Special attention is given to the calculation of indicators of economic security of the tourism industry of Russia and their threshold values. For the analysis of microeconomic indicators the author proposes an approach based on the definition of the list of threats to the personal security and possible ways of evaluating them. As a result, the author has developed a system of indicators of tourism security based not on the statistics, but on the expert assessments of the nature and scope of threats to a safe recreation. The article demonstrates that the multiplier effect of tourism is associated not only with a number of economic and socio-cultural benefits, but with an entire system of threats and dangers arising from external and internal negative factors. The article also presents the mechanism of the multiplier of the tourism industry threats, as well as the system of indicators of economic security of tourism, which includes 9 macroeconomic indicators. The author shows how to calculate these indicators and identifies the critical values, and makes a conclusion about unstable operation of the tourism sector of the economy of Russia based on the carried out calculation. In modern terms this problem poses a threat to national security. The special contribution of the author in the study is that a list of threats for individual tourist trips is presented. It is proved that in contrast to macroeconomic indicators of economic security of micro-level indicators should be formed on the basis of the opinion polls. The author proposes a system of indicators consisting of three blocks: organizational and economic, political and socio-cultural, and natural threats to the safety of tourist trips.

Keywords: devaluation, crises, threats, multiplicative effect, tourist industry, economic security, system of indicators, thresholds, statistical analysis, tourist trips

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14317

Keywords: efficiency, competitiveness, risk management, business entity, enterprise, system of management, economic security, tools, crisis management, ensure

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14261

Keywords: devaluation, crises, threats, multiplicative effect, tourist industry, economic security, system of indicators, thresholds, statistical analysis, tourist trips

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.14403

Abstract: This article discusses the state of the Russia’s industry of rare earth metals in the aspect of national security in the aerospace sector. The article demonstrates the importance of having a reliable functionality of the domestic industry of rare earth metals for the basic and critical technologies of ensuring the security and defense capabilities of the country. The author gives a comparative assessment is given to the rare earth metals industry in the USSR and the Russian Federation; characterizes the deposits of rare earth metals; offers a brief assessment of the plans of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation on the development of rare earth metals industry. The research methodology is based on the theory of expert evaluations, comparative system analysis, military and economic and retrospective analyses. The main conclusions of this research include the importance of development of the domestic industry of rare earth metals as one of the key factors in ensuring national security. The author stresses the importance of developing and implementing measures to phase out import substitution within the branches and fields of industry that require the use of rare earth metals.

Keywords: suppliers of rare earth metals, national security technologies, import substitution in the industry, high technologies, critical technologies, rare earth metals, rare earth metal deposits, rare earth metals industry , importing rare earth metals, exporting rare earth metals

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66142

Keywords: suppliers of rare earth metals, national security technologies, import substitution in the industry, high technologies, critical technologies, rare earth metals, rare earth metal deposits, rare earth metals industry, importing rare earth metals, exporting rare earth metals

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.12115

Abstract: This article presents the results of an empirical psychological research conducted on 314 residents of the Smolensk region (including youth), who regard themselves as of Russian descent and state that they have no experience of participation in extremist organizations. The subject of this research is the social perception of the youth on extremism. The theoretical basis for this research consisted in the works of Russian and foreign psychologists that are aimed at studying the social and personal perceptions. The results of the conducted empirical research reveal the peculiarities of the social perceptions of young people of the Smolensk region on extremism, its manifestations and functions, as well as the attitude of the youth towards the extremist activity in the country. The acquired data confirms the relevance and importance of conducting further socio-psychological research concerning this issue. The results can be used to develop programs and specific educational events in order to prevent extremism among youth.

Keywords: social perceptions, youth, perception on extremism, extremist organization, act of extremism, function of extremism, attitude towards extremists, extremist self-identity, content analysis, prevention of extremism

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2015.1.66143