Abstract: The article contains analysis of the anti-terrorist strategy as means of guaranteeing political domination of the USA in the context of guaranteeing security of Russia. The author describes specific features and singles out the main stages of its formation: stage of formation of the anti-terrorist strategy of the USA, active implementation stage, stage of unilateral decision-making, the modern period (or defensive-offensive period). The author discusses the main directions of counteractions against Russia and its partner states in the aggressive unipolar strategy of the USA, involving the use of potential of the European Union and specific features of ongoing processes in Ukraine. The methodology of studies is based upon the general scientific cognition methods, as well as special political science methods, sociological and chronological methods of studies, as well psychological, behaviorist, comparative, etc. The scientific novelty of studies is reflected in substantiation of the use of the anti-terrorist strategy b the USA in order to guarantee its own political domination, and in establishment of the connection between the existing activities of some US structures and the terrorist activities in some regions, substantiation the amount and volume of preventive anti-terrorism measures in the Eurasian territory in the context of fighting with the aggressive unipolar policy of the USA.

Keywords: terrorism, security, anti-terrorist strategy, political domination, anti-terrorist cooperation, global community, the USA, Russia, the European Union, Ukraine.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.11186

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65404

Abstract: Political regime is a functional characteristic feature of the political system from the standpoint of systemic analysis. However, the regime may not sustain itself, it requires contents, which is formed as means and methods of achieving its functional goals, as well as the functional goals of the political government. Constitutionalism allows for setting the parameters of this functioning and establishing the mechanism of political power based upon the stage of formation of its consistency. The problem of parity of methods of government in the dynamics of the political system is key to defining nature and contents of the political regime. The most important role in the studies belongs to the systemic analysis. This is a methodology of object studies based upon their reflection as systems and analysis of theses systems. Systemic analysis provides for clarifications of a complicated problem, its structuring within the system of targets and detailed goals. Choice of this approach was influenced both by the existing understanding of constitutionalism as a complicated multi-element and dynamic object of studies, which is interrelated with the specific features of functioning of the political system as a whole, as well as getting acquainted with the scientific studies in the sphere of systemic analysis. Both democratic and authoritarian regimes are capable of functioning within the framework of constitutionalism. The marker of the level of functional development of a political regime is its closeness to the ideal of constitutionalism – a constitutional state. Accordingly, the political practice of formation of constitutionalism reflects development of the constitutional regime outside the scope of formal requirements of the constitution of the state.

Keywords: constitutionalism, constitution, political regime, political government, democratic regime, authoritarian regime, power method, systemic analysis, state, civil society.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.11937

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65405

Abstract: Labor activity within the market economy framework is a complicated system of personnel interaction in the process of production, distribution and consumption of material values. These complicated relations are centered upon the interests of the people, who are at the same time producers and consumers of the necessary goods and services within the market. The scientific publication reveals the nature of personnel management. The author evaluates the main goals of personnel management and the problems of rational use of productive resources (first of all, human resources). The author discusses the general model of personnel management in a modern organization and the process of personnel motivation involving various stimuli for the workers. The author proposes the measures to be taken in order to make personnel management in a modern organization more efficient, and make the products more competitive. Currently a scientific solution to this problem in the Russian economy presupposes the presence of a substantiated mechanism for the management of production resources, including a mechanism for managing the personnel of various categories in the process of production and consumption of the material values based upon an economic use of resources. The main goal of persons in charge of the work (masters, shop mechanics, power engineers) and workers and service personnel is to organize security of works and control over compliance with the internal rules of enterprises and security guidelines by the staff. Efficiency of personnel management in a modern organization, competitiveness of products and well-being of the workers may only be achieved by compliance with the system of interrelated measures.

Keywords: economics, economic resources, specialists, human resources, stimulation, motivation, process of work, rewards, management goals, qualified personnel.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.11495

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65406

Abstract: The object of studies involves the following: a) description and explanations of patterns in development of crimes encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation based upon the analysis and evaluation of quality and quantity parameters, which are interrelated and interdependent; b) mass media publications informing on initiation of criminal cases and criminal responsibility of persons for the crimes encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation; c) the main provisions of legislative acts regulating prevention of crimes encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation. The main method of scientific research is comparative legal method, which was applied to evaluation of crimes encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation, as well as the general scientific methods – analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that for the first time in the Russian legal science the author provided criminological characteristics of crimes encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation. The conclusions are as follows: criminological analysis of quality and quantity markers of crimes encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation shows that at the ridge of XX and XXI centuries there is a tendency for growing amount of registered political crimes, encroaching upon the political system of the Russian Federation, such as public calls for extremist activities, organization of extremist communities and organization of the activities of the extremist organizations. Statistical data shows that in the early XXI century in Russia the amount of encroachments upon the political system is growing compared to the data for the late XX century.

Keywords: extremism, criminological characteristics, crimes, statistical data, extremist community, armed riot, takeover of power, holding on to power, public calls, politics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.10672

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65407

Abstract: The article contains a study of a constitutional legal mechanism for guaranteeing protected status of an individual, society and state from internal and external threats. The author provides analysis of the contents of the system of national security guarantees: subjects of security guarantees, objects and immediate object of security; methods and directions for guaranteeing national security. Comparison of the legal regulation of their interaction is implemented based upon the need to take into account the interests of individuals and citizens, preservation of the priority of his basic rights and freedoms, improvement and development of civil activity of persons and their associations, as well as sovereign unity of the nation. Characteristics of singled-out elements are provided from the standpoint of their correlation with the constitutional legal principles of formation of a rule of law democratic state and supreme value of human being, his rights and freedoms. The author draws a conclusion that the functioning of the mechanism for guaranteeing national security in the Russian Federation should be based upon the constitutional values. Its legal enshrinement should necessarily correspond to special value of a person, his rights, freedoms, civil peace and concord, integrity of a state and balance among the interests of person, society and state.

Keywords: national security, balance of interests, mechanism, subject of security guarantees, subject of security, object of security, method of security guarantees, person, society, state.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65408

Abstract: Based upon the analysis of normative legal acts of the Russian Federation the author uncovers a non-uniform approach towards provisions for and the list of the crimes of terrorist character. The number of crimes of this category varies from 8 to 18. The category of crimes of terrorist character includes extremism-directed crimes and other categories of crimes, allowing for “double entry accounting” of crimes. The said position of the legislators has a negative impact upon the recognition of terrorist threats and efficient law-enforcement activities. The methodological basis for the scientific article was formed by the current achievements of the theory of cognition. In the process of studies the author used general philosophical, theoretical and empiric methods (dialectics, systemic method, analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, modeling), traditional legal methods ( formal logic method), and methods typical for specific sociological studies (statistical, expert evaluation, etc.). When qualifying an act as being a crime of terrorist character first of all it is necessary to take into account the presence of terrorist goal. The author substantiates the need to provide for a definition of a crime of terrorist character and a closed list of such crimes at a legislative level. Implementation of this provision allows to form objective statistical reporting, based upon which it becomes possible to develop efficient measures against terrorism in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: terroism, anti-terrorism, crime, criminality, extremism, criminal legislation, crimes of terrorist character, statist ics, terrorist goal, list of crimes.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65409

Abstract: The European Union just recently has developed the possibilities for the participation in the global arena as an independent security guaranteeing subjects. The Petersberg tasks were adopted in 1992, and they formed the basis for the joint defense and security policy (the former European policy on defense and security, providing for the possibility to use the armed forces for both the humanitarian operations and active peace-making operations, which may involve active participation in the military actions together with the armies of other states or insurgent formations. At the same time, the European Union did not bypass one of the main global trends in the sphere of defense and security, namely, privatization and contractual delegation of some functions, which were previously traditionally recognized as belonging to armed forces. One of the characteristic features of this trend is use of private military and security companies. In this article the author studies application of international law of the armed conflicts and human rights law to the activities and formations of the EU. The article provides analysis of a number of acts of the EU in the sphere of defense and security. The author draws a conclusion that while the European Union is not a state or a purely international organization, it has to comply with the generally recognized norms of international humanitarian law. The internal acts of the EU establish a higher standard for compliance with the international law. At the same time it should be noted that in spite of the fact that the activities of the private military and security companies in the EU missions falls within the scope of the general legal regulation, the internal acts of the EU are construed in the way that maximally lowers the possible responsibility of the EU for their unlawful acts.

Keywords: private military companies, international law, international humanitarian law, human rights law, the European Union, hazardous industrial facility; joint military operations, joint military missions, legal regulation, responsibility.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.12634

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.11863

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.12838

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65410

Abstract: The author attempts to discuss a scientific category of “Russian power”. Special attention is paid to understanding the nature of the “Russian power” from the standpoint of its initial concept and formation of the discourse on this problem in the Russian public and political thinking. This problem is currently topical, since the formation of the political course of the state takes place in a rather complicated situation. In order to take adequate political measures, it is always important to take into consideration both the modern situation and the past processes. Accordingly, it is necessary to know how certain government institutions were formed and what were the scientific attitudes towards this problem in various periods of time. In order to understand how a certain concept or problem is formed in the political science it is convenient to apply comparative analysis. Therefore, a scientific evaluation of the category “Russian power” is formed in the Russian political thought since the early XIX century till the early Soviet period. The modern history of Russia once again makes this matter topical, and in the early 1990s one may find a number of outstanding works of Russian scientists on this issue.

Keywords: Russian power, public and political thought of Russia, procedural qualities, political power, conservatives, radical ideas, liberal ideas, power-centrism, paternalism, legitimate state coercion.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.12663

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65411

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the international lobbying and its role in managing political processes in the conditions of globalization. The international lobbying activity involves interaction of legal entities and physical persons with the structure of state government and governing institutions at the global level in order to influence development and adoption of their decisions in the interests of a lobbying organization or its clients. The main goals of the lobbying activities are formation of communications with the nation state structures and international organizations, providing to them information regarding the object of lobbying, monitoring of the work in the spheres involving interests of a state or an organization. The methodological basis for the work involves systemic, structural-functional, comparative political, comparative historical approaches, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, modeling. Additionally, the main goals of international lobbying include guaranteeing representation of the interests of a state or an organization of other state at the various levels of state government and global administration; influencing the legislation involving interests of the relevant segments of the global community, guaranteeing informing and understanding of the legislators towards their problems and activities.

Keywords: national security, foreign policy, the USA, the European Union, lobbying, international lobbying, state, interests, values, cooperation.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.12653

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65412

Abstract: The object of studies involves measures, which are aimed at guaranteeing operational efficiency of the armed forces, and which are implemented within the structural units of the Armed Forces and enterprises in the defense industry. A measure is any goal-oriented activity within the framework of economic relations in the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of military products. The object of studies involves specific economic relations regarding the most efficient ways for the use of material, labor and financial resources in order to achieve the goals set for the Armed Forces. The methodology of studies involves substantiation of the measures in order to guarantee the operational efficiency of the armed forces taking into account the costs of holding them and results achieved (effect). The article concerns the problems of using military economic analysis at the current stage of formation of the Armed Forces of Russia. The authors present the main stages of analysis, establishing the main directions for the use of military economic analysis in order to make the use of the economic resources of the Armed Forces more efficient. The authors propose the ways for the improvement of use of means in the process of military training, exploitation and repairs of arms and military machinery.

Keywords: military economic analysis, economic evaluation, means for improvement, exploitation and repairs, problem of efficiency improvement, arms, military machinery, efficiency, goals of military economic analysis, economy of the armed forces, efficiency markers.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65413

Abstract: The article concerns the problems regarding application of the judicial doctrines on counteractions against the tax evasion, which are formed in the practice of tax dispute resolution regarding the tax optimization means used by the taxpayers. The author defines place and role of judicial doctrinal norm-making as a methodological instrument for guaranteeing economic security of the state and having special value in the absence of due legislative regulation in this sphere in combination with the large-scale spread of tax evasion and its deep penetration into the economic relations. The author provides critical analysis of the most popular judicial doctrines in the Russian practice, evaluating their efficiency from the standpoints of their application on one hand in order to protect the economic interests of the state from the abuse by the fiscally obliged persons, and on the other hand in order to form unburdening conditions for the good faith implementation of the tax obligations, guaranteeing a fair balance of public and private economic interests. The author draws a conclusion that the provisions of currently used doctrines involve systemic contradictions, and they often contradict each other, both by their internal structures and grounds for their application, the are more or less unspecific and abstract, or they have very narrow sphere of implementation. Finally, the author provides provisions allowing for the harmonization of the practice of doctrinal lawmaking in the tax sphere.

Keywords: tax, judicial doctrine, avoiding taxation, economic security, state, taxpayer, good faith, tax profit, business goal, arbitration practice.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.10708

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.7826

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65414

Abstract: As a result of the adaptation to the new social and economic conditions all of the members of the society undergo changes in their value orientations and motives, inevitably causing tensions in the society. The combination of tensions of social, mental, and social – psychological character, which in some conditions may lead to the conflicts in the society, may be united within the framework of the social conflictogenity of the society. In the conditions of prevention of conflict escalation it is important to monitor the level of social conflictogenity and to reveal the causes facilitating the growth of social tension in the society. The method for the diagnostics of the social conflictogenity allows to define the dynamics of the generalizing markers, characterizing the level of social conflictogenity in the state or in a region, uncovering the causes of growing social tension in the society. Aprobation of this method based upon the Russian materials shows its applicability for the social conflictogenity monitoring in a country or in a state.

Keywords: social studies, conflictogenity in a society, social conflictogenity, diagnostics, level of conflictogenity, markers of conflictogenity level, methods for the diagnostics, objective characteristics of conflictogenity, objectivesubjective characteristics of conflictogenity, subjective characteristics of conflictogenity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.11603

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.4.65415

Abstract: Based upon the analysis of the legal positions of the Constituional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, provisions of international and national legislative acts in the sphere of health protection the author substantiates the necessity to recognize the need for recognition of danger of health in the course of implementing medical activities, defining the main sources of increased danger, which are currently in use. The said problem became especially important in the modern situation of globalization, when any threat is planetary, and also since in any stage of provision of medical aid there are “critical points” for individual security: in the course of use of medical machinery, in the course of use of medications, in the course of implementation of new medical technologies, etc. The methodological basis for the article was formed with the general scientific method (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systemic method), specific scientific methods (comparative method), logical and formal legal methods of scientific studies. The provisions and conclusion presented in this article show the importance of resolving the security problem in the sphere of health protection, since its importance shall be ever-growing in the course of further development of medical science and pharmaceutical industry, first of all, due to raising amount of innovations in the medical sphere. That is why, it is necessary to guarantee security of persons based upon lowering the risk of harm to health in the course of medical activity involving the harmful objects, which, in turn, shall facilitate implementation of the constitutional right for the protection of health.