Abstract: The authors provide the results of the analysis of the key problems in the sphere of regional security management for the purpose of sustainable non-crisis social and economic development of Russian regions in the conditions of influence of internal and external threats to regional security. The authors provide results of analysis of various aspects of internal and external elements of regional security, as well as the problems of counteraction against various extremist manifestation and prevention of international and interreligious conflicts. It is shown that in the conditions of globalization, growing interdependency of economic and social systems in different states, as well as intensive development of the global information community the external destructive information influences upon the target audiences or certain social groups may serve as prerequisites for the disruption of social stability. The authors provide analysis of efficiency of use of scenario approach in order to resolve the problems of regional security management. In order to achieve the established goals with the use of the apparatus of the signed digraphs the authors have developed an integrated multi-factor model, allowing to provide for the anticipatory scenario for the analysis of the process of development of the situation in the social spheres and related spheres. The authors provide results of the scenario studies of the developed model, showing that the efficient organization of management of the processes of counteraction against outer destructive information influence, as well as of the processes of planning, preparing and implementation of active information campaigns in order to support social stability and fight various extremist manifestations in the regions is capable of considerable improvement of regional security level.

Keywords: regional security, social stability, management, information struggle, religious and political extremism, scenario analysis, imitation modeling, signed graph, management decisions, information support.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10785

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64060

Abstract: The article concerns the main causes and problems regarding prophylactics of extremism. There is a considerable discord regarding a logical definition of extremism due to its multifaceted complicated nature, and it is hard to involve all of its elements within the same definition and not to make its interpretation overbroad. The author analyzes the legislatively provided categorical apparatus, while noting that the legislative definitions of extremism are overbroad, allowing to recognize as extremist activities a large number of state bodies, political parties and social organizations. The main causes of extremist crimes are the absence of tolerance towards other nations and religions in some categories of people, spread of ideas of religious and racial superiority among the youth, as well as Nazi ideas and values, social stratification. The author uses the analysis of statistical data and proves that the further steps in the legislative development require scientifically substantiated methodology for fighting extremism, providing an integral idea of extremism. There is need to develop a systemic evaluation of the real condition of the Russian legislation on the issues of terrorism prophylactics. The novelty of the scientific work is due to the methodological explanation of novel technologies in political management of extremism prophylactics and the need to develop the state system for the management of risks in the sphere of extremism manifestations. Development and introduction of new technologies shall allow to raise the threshold of state administration at a new level of quality of organization. In order to introduce the relevant technologies there is need for a large amount of studies regarding automatizing of the system, clarification and evaluation of the elements of degrees of risk of extremism manifestation, development of methods for the monitoring and evaluation of the risks of appearance of situation, methods for defining the complexes of prophylactic measures for every degree of risk. In addition, there is need for the studies for the approbation of the sub-systems and system as a whole in pilot regions (territories) of the state.

Keywords: extremism, multicultural conflicts, public security concept, prophylactics, migration relations, national security, types of extremism, federal law, political administration, new administration technologies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10856

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64061

Abstract: The article concerns analysis of the situation in the sphere of road traffic security in Russia and in Sverdlovsky region of Russia in particular. From the standpoint of social integration and social justice the authors search for the mechanisms for the security road traffic in the region. The authors provide evidence for foreign and Russian theoretical studies and social practices. The object of studies was public opinion of the people in Russia and in the Sverdlovsky region on the issues such as road traffic security, efficiency of the problem solutions in the sphere of road traffic security. The authors provide comparative analysis of the sociological studies held by the authors in 2012–2013 and the official statistical data and the all-Russian studies held by the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center in March of 2013. As a solution for the problem in question the authors refer to the partnership of the state, business, civil society, including public-private partnership for the introduction of the system of photo- and video- recording of the violations of the road traffic rules in automatic regime in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. The authors substantiate this proposal with the supposed social and economic effect, accenting achievement of the socially valuable goals, such as better road traffic security and preservation of life and health of all of its participants.

Keywords: road traffic security, social and demographic security, public-private partnership, inter-sector partnership, offence recording, transportation risks, social integration, social solidarity, road traffic accident, public opinion.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.11312

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64062

Abstract: The article is devoted to the studies of the global elites community, theoretical substantiation for its existence from the standpoints of postmodernism, liberalism, constructivism and post-structuralism. Special attention is paid to the theory of transnational historical materialism, allowing to analyze the formation of the new global capitalist class within this community. The author also provides analysis of this community from the standpoint of network analysis showing how the new global class is penetrated with the network connections responsible for the formation, support and spread of consensus regarding the political course of the states. The author singles out the main problems, which the global elites community faces, such as transformation of the institution of state, global democratization trend, the movement of the power center, de-globalization of risks, pluralism of global elite agenda and the vulnerability of global elites community. The methodology of studies, as provided in the article, is based upon the theory of transnational historical materialism, as well as constructivism and post-structuralism. When analyzing the structure of global elites community the author used the level approach within the framework of international relations theory, and more specifically, uses the individual level. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the analysis of global elites community from the standpoints of various theories as a relatively young and new term in political elites studies, evaluation of the structures within the new global capitalist class, its specific features regarding recruitment of the new members and achievement of consensus decisions, singling out problems and risks ,which the global elites community faces at the crossroads of the class and network tendencies of its development.

Keywords: global elites community, global capitalist class, network, recruiting, individual, state, democratization, power center, de-globalization of risks, agenda.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10792

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64063

Abstract: In the modern world, which is ruled by the finances, the issues of national security guarantees cannot be evaluated separately from the solution of the problems appearing in the process of financial turnover. The basis for the achievement of the goals includes mechanisms, allowing to support the current vector of the financial and monetary policy of a state, and at the same time serving as a mechanism for fighting unlawful and criminal threats. That is why, this article is devoted to a topical issue of security in financial sphere. Based upon the financial security studies and the prerequisites in the sphere of general theory of security measures, the author reveals the definition and main specificities for the financial security measures. A number of legal limitation measures, possessing both administrative and preventive qualities regarding the possibilities to repeal the internal and external threats to the financial system, may serve as an efficient method for achieving economic and financial security. The legal means presented in this article are classified on various bases and illustrated with numerous examples from the Russian legislation regulating the relations regarding the turnover of financial resources.

Keywords: financial security, security measures, protective measures, preventive measures, protection measures, security rules, security sanctions, legal limitations, financial offence, financial crime.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64064

Abstract: The article concerns theoretical substantiation for the object, immediate object and goals of legal guarantees of national security. The legal guarantees of national security require clear definition of the object of legal regulation, its immediate object and the goals, which need to be achieved within the framework of this object. In the opinion of the author the object of legal guarantees of national security is the national security sphere, while its immediate object includes relations and activities in this sphere, requiring legal guarantees. Based upon the provided attitudes towards object and immediate objects of legal guarantees, the author singles out the topical area of the said legal guarantees. The author uses general theoretical scientific analysis methods, which are needed for exploring the topic of this article. Based upon the studies of the current condition and theoretical evaluation of legal guarantees of national security the author makes conclusions on the object, immediate object and goals of this type of guarantees. It is pointed out that the problem of object, immediate object and goals of the legal guarantees has both theoretical and practical dimensions. Defining the object of legal guarantees of national security allows for clearer formulation of purpose and main goals of such guarantees. The author makes a conclusion that one may state that currently there is a relative basis for legal regulation of national security in Russia. At the same time, the current situation of legislative basis for the national security guarantees may be defined as a system at the stage of formation, that is why it has the qualities typical of transitional periods.

Keywords: national security, legal security guarantees, legal regulation of security, object of legal regulation, immediate object of legal regulation, goals of legal guarantees, national security relations, security of a social system, national security system, legislative basis for security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64065

Abstract: The article concerns legal aspects of the foreign security guarantees of the medieval city-states in the North Western Russia, which were often object of foreign aggression due to their situation in the bordering regions of Russia. It is noted that legal means played an important role within the system of guarantees of foreign security. This is proven by the provisions of the Pskov Judicial Charter, which was one of the most important legislative acts in the Russian law of XIV — XV centuries. The article studies the norms of the Charter regarding responsibility for the assistance to enemies treason(perevet), and special documents given to the residents, when they were going abroad. The author analyzes the text of the Pskov Judicial Charter and provides comparative analysis of the norms in the Ancient Russian, Byzantine and Roman law. The provisions of the Pskov Judicial Charger are studied in the relation with the provisions of the Book of the Helmsman ( Kormchaya Kniga) and the Books of Law. The author analyzes the chronicles, which contain references on punishment of traitors (perevetnik). The author makes a conclusion that the legal means of foreign security guarantees in the North-Western Russia in XIV — XV centures were measures of personal and proprietary responsibility for assisting enemies (perevet), as well as the regime measures defining the procedures for travelling abroad. The capital punishment for the traitors was provided by the “Laws of the Greek Kings” adapted to the conditions of the Ancient Russia. The same law provided for the right to kill traitors when intercepting their attempts to run to the enemy. The Pskov Judicial Charter defined the proprietary consequences of treason (perevet). It required confiscation of the property of traitors in favor of the city community. In order to prevent reason the residents planning to go abroad had to inform the government on their intentions and to get a certain document (charter).

Keywords: foreign security, legal means, legal responsibility, legal regime, treason (perevet), Perduellio, capital punishment, confiscation of property, permission to go abroad, the Pskov Judicial Charter.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.11295

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10975

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.9576

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64066

Abstract: The article contains analysis of how the requirements of the modern society and standards of general and general secondary education on the issues of teaching information security are reflected in the school manuals on information science. The authors study the role of teaching information security and socialization of school graduates in the modern information society. The authors single out specific features of teaching information security within the framework of the course of information science based upon the analysis of the manual sets by several authors. Based upon the revealed patterns in the system of provision of materials and contents of the manuals themselves, the authors provide recommendations for the improvement of the approaches towards formation of the contents of teaching information security. The authors also clarify the definition of information security regarding teaching school students, substantiating its use. The authors then provide components for the teaching standard for information security for basic and general secondary education, as the basis for the system of teaching information security within the framework of information science.

Keywords: contents of school manuals, information security, teaching information security, information science, teaching methods, teaching school students, socialization of school students, study contents, information technologies, security problems.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10981

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64067

Abstract: The article is devoted to the studies of the topical issues of securitization of the migration streams in Russia at the current stage of development. Currently the securitization of migration discourse reached its maximum, and there is need to lower the level of possible national security threats and improvement of the human capital quality. In last two years cardinal measures were taken in order to de-securitize migration, however, they are not sufficient in the opinion of the author. At the same time it proves the fact that the migration policy in Russia is undergoing a significant transformation. Methodology of studies is based upon the approach to securitization of migration, which is implemented by the scientists from the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute. In order to substantiate the results the author used the methods of typology, comparison and expert evaluation. The author defined three measures, which should lead to de-securitization of migration. The results received shall facilitate the optimization of migration policy, improvement of the quality of the human capital and desecuritization of migration both in the short-term and the long-term and middle-range periods. The experience of the leading Organization for Economic Cooperation states is extremely important and its use may serve as the basis for the development of recommendations for the migration regulation bodies in Russia.

Keywords: securitization of migration, migration policy, qualified migration, human capital, trends, Organization for Economic Cooperation, innovative measures, desecuritization, lowering the level of threats, soft security.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64069

Abstract: the division between the Sunnis and the Shias in the Muslim world exists for a long time, but in the contemporary history the contradictions between them have never risen to such a great level, as they did in the latest decades. The contradictions inside the confession come forth in the entire Middle Eastern region, rather than just in the domestic politics of certain states. The Russia, the Western and the Middle Eastern studies have always recognized the value of this matter. As it was noted by the Professor Raymond Hinnebusch, any analytical sources on the Middle East should include the understanding of the importance of ethnic and confessional identity. However, there are still disputes among the scientists on the number of issues. Firstly, there is a question on what the causes of escalation of contradictions inside the confession are. Secondly, there is a question whether such contradictions form a purely internal systemic factor existing from the time when the Sunnis and the Shias were first divided, or whether it is being instrumentalized by the political forces. Therefore, the object of this article includes different approaches of scientists and experts to the issues of contradictions between the Sunni and the Shias. The goal of this article is to divide the main publications in this sphere into certain directions. The main methods for achieving the goal were theoretical analysis of scientific literature and inductive analysis. Based upon the results of the studies, one may come to a conclusion that all of the hypotheses may be divided into three directions: constuctivism, neo-realism, and neoconservatism. The practical result of the publication includes use of its results in the studies of internal confessional conflicts in the Middle East and in the world in general.

Keywords: the contradictions between the Sunni and the Shias, conflict escalation, scientific approaches, constructivism, neo-realism, neo-conservatism, the Islamic world, constructivist paradigm, the Middle Eastern states, global politics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10884

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64068

Abstract: The object of studies in this article includes national movements in the territory of the Russian Federation, and, more specifically, the Tatar national movement, which is one of the most active actors in the domestic political interactions in Russia. The ethnic political and federal development of the Russian Federation passed through the stage of separatist “sovereignty parade”, and as a result of the reform of “strengthening the government vertical” in early 2000, it is now characterized with the lower activity an role of national movements in the political discourse of national and territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. At the current stage in some regions national movement of the native peoples of these territories are out of the political arena due to degradation and discrediting of their ideas. In other regions these movements were transformed into other institutional forms, or their ideas gained new understanding among the national elites. The Republic of Tatarstan is quite interesting object to study from the standpoint of the ethnic and political development of the peoples of Russia. The main method of studies therefore is a systemic approach, allowing to include separate processes into the general global trends. The pan-Turkist ideology shows flexible mechanisms and forms of influence on the Tatar community. However, this ideology needs to address the basic postulates of the time of its genesis in some way. That is why the scientific and expert community of Russia should provide due evaluation to the “Idel-Urals” project as a radical theory provoking separatism in the Urals and Volga Region republics. Generally, the pan-Turkism is a complicated ideology, including various theoretical concepts and ideologems, which claims a rather large theory and a large number of ethnic groups. When this ideology is analyzed from the critical standpoint it becomes obvious that the pan-Turkist project is pragmatically used by Turkey. However, some politicians and public figures tend to evaluate implementation of pan-Turkist ideas as a revival of true national identity (for example, in the Bashkir and the Tatar national movements). However, the pan-Turkist ideology provides for a final goal of assimilation of all of the Turkic peoples into one super-ethnos based upon the Turkish nation, rather than providing only for cultural and political unity. In turn, it means that the Turkic peoples shall be destroyed as separate ethnic groups. At the age of globalization, when we face the choice among the paths for the development, we may not ignore geopolitical realities and threats. The ongoing global processes, fall of regimes under other regimes, victories of one ideology over another show the reform of the global structure and order. The national intellectuals of different peoples should be very careful when choosing concepts for the modernization of their ethnic groups, otherwise, there may be a situation when having “found their path for development” based on a certain ideological construction the entire peoples may become just mechanisms and instruments for the achievement of geopolitical goals of foreign states.

Keywords: nationalism, Tatarstan, pan-Turkism, national movement, Turkism, globalization, security, national security, soft power, sovereignty.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.11273

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10994

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64070

Abstract: Russia has held to an intermediary position in the decade of conflict around the Iranian nuclear program, attempting to guarantee its interests with both parties: Iran and the West. Contrary to its statement that such a policy is an independent act and principle in a complex area, dependency of the Moscow policy upon the USA variable and the low esteem of the other part of this equation being Iran are obvious defects of this policy. Generally, if one does not take any tactical changes into account, the role of Moscow in the Iranian nuclear problem was no more than a game within the framework construed by the USA. That is why the understanding by the Moscow of the strategic goals of the pressure upon the Teheran as expressed in the attempts of the Washington to coordinate Iran with its long-term expansionist policy in the Middle East was not expressed in the practical policy of Russia. Such a policy does not correspond with the principles pronounced by the Moscow on disagreement with the US expansionism and the acts as an “independent superpower”. The author used systemic analysis of the Russian policy towards the Iranian nuclear program as a methodological basis, and there was no evaluation of some details. The recent regional and international events having influence upon the nuclear program of Iran and the relations between the USA and Russia, as well as continuation of the aggressive US policy in the Middle East with the “New Greater Middle East” on one hand and the current negotiations on the Iranian nuclear program, continuous threat of a military attack upon Iran and the new processes in the nuclear activities in this state formed a new situation in this sphere.

Keywords: war, sanctions, diplomacy, negotiations, the Middle East, expansion, Iran, nuclear program, Russia, the USA.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.11393

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64071

Abstract: The article shows that the search for the efficient management methods and the modern development of information technologies have led to the appearance of the novel management paradigms, such as the “network-centric management”. It is noted that in the conceptual and theoretical sphere the network-centric approach in the military is implemented as a system including three sub-systems formed as mutually penetrating frames (information subsystem, sensory and intelligence subsystem and combat subsystem — subsystem of separate tactical divisions and combat management), when the information subsystem frame penetrates the entire system of modern administration and forms its basis. The author provides comparative analysis of classical and network-centric approaches towards management and experience of its implementation in the sphere of warfare taking examples of some states (the USA, France, the Great Britain, Germany, Israel and China). The system of network-centric administration is a combination of previously formed and deployed widespread automatized electronic networks for collection and primary evaluation of information, centers for keeping and analysis of information, as well as the contours of management and decision-making, and their combined effect forms an united information and management area, covering the entire administration area. The main idea of the network-centric war is integration of all of the forces and means within a united information sphere, allowing for multiplication of efficiency of military use through the synergy effect. Introduction of the network technologies into the military sphere is a revolutionary step, which is aimed at the improvement of the military capabilities of armed forces due to their operative and efficient use.

Keywords: network-centric management, the NATO, global information frame, network-centric wars, J-structures, synergy effect, network-centrism, network technologies, perspective intelligence means, OODA (observation, orientation, decision, action).

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10937

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64072

Abstract: The object of studies in this article includes factors, tendencies and structure of the multi-dimensional matter of linguistic conflict studies. The article concerns various dimensions of linguistic conflict studies (claims in court against mass media for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation, fighting linguistic aggression, obscene language, conscience manipulation with hidden insertions, suggestive techniques and NLP-programming in the mass media, expertise in order to establish authors, uncovering dubious interpretations of legislative acts) in their genetic link with the legal hermeneutics and linguistic pragmatics, and also from the standpoint of linguistic security of a person, society and state. Linguistic expertise is regarded as one of the instruments for the guarantees of linguistic security. The authors used dialectic method of studies together with comparative historical method, hermeneutic and methodological approaches. Definition of linguistic security was previously used only in respect of activities of printed and electronic mass media, while in this article its understanding is broadened to the scale of threats to person, society and state, since it is implemented in the diapason from the micro-level of individual conscience influenced by the “propaganda ABC” to the mega-level of inadequate understanding of international legal documents by the mass conscience.

Keywords: linguistic expertise, conflict studies, linguistic security, linguistic pragmatics, legal hermeneutics, invective lexis, conscience manipulation, suggestive, hidden insertions, neuro-linguistic programming.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.10881

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0668.2014.2.64073

Abstract: The object of study in this article is extremism as social and psychological phenomenon. The goal of the article is to provide theoretical analysis of social and psychological nature of extremism, as well as establishing the definition of extremism from the standpoint of social-psychological approach. The authors single out a complex of psychological causes, serving as the basis for extremism and being psychological determining factors for the formation of extremist conscience and behavior of a person (pronounced extremity of a person in combination with moral nihilism, lack of basic trust to the world, xenophobia and aggression), they provide their own definition of extremism. The methodological basis for the studies includes complex and systemic approaches, which are presented in Russian psychological studies. Extremism as a social and psychological matter is regarded within the framework of studying psychology of evil and violence, and it is included into the problem field of the psychological security as a novel scientific direction in the Russian psychological studies. The methods of studies include theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization. According to the definition given by the authors extremism as a social and psychological matter manifesting itself at the level of person as a subject of social relation is a type of violence, aimed purposeful aggressive behavior of a person (expressed by language or acts) towards another person or social group, which is related to the violation of the basic trust to the world and motivated by the personal superiority ideology, intolerance and xenophobia towards the object of violence. The formulated definition shows the possibilities and directions for the further empiric studies in the sphere of extremism psychology, and its results are important from the standpoint of efficient organization of psychological prophylactics and psychological correction of extremist manifestations in various age and social groups.