DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2016.5.18940

Abstract: The research subject is the analysis of legislation interpretation by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the purpose of ensuring the legality regime in the Russian Federation by means of maintaining the unanimity of interpretation and application of legal provisions by courts. The author analyzes the judicial practice of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The article studies the issues of correspondence of judicial practices of the Supreme and the Constitutional Courts using the example of protection of competition and antimonopoly legislation. The author applies general and special scientific research methods, including the historical-legal, the system, the comparative-legal, the statistical, the formal-logical and other methods. The author reveals disputable issues of the interpretation of judicial practice in protection of competition by the Supreme Court. The author supposes that the development and introduction of interpretations of the Supreme Court in the judicial practice should be more accurate, in order to avoid the formation of a contradictory practice by the subordinate courts ignoring legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2016.5.19075

Abstract: The research subject is the system of principles of international legal cooperation of the Soviet Union with foreign states. The author notes that this system had been forming steadily and was influenced by the state of international relations in general, by the internal socio-political processes, and the development of the Soviet legislation. The author comes to the conclusion that the system of principles of international legal cooperation of the Soviet Union included the following structural elements: the general legal principles of the Soviet law, the principles of particular branches of the Soviet law (civil, procedural, family law, consular law, etc.), and the principles of international law. The research methodology is based on the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena in their interrelation and interdependence, and the set of general scientific and special methods of cognition. The author reconstructs the historical picture of the formation of the system of principles of legal cooperation of the Soviet Union with foreign states in the field of civil law as a unique instrument of public protection of civil and related rights of Soviet and foreign citizens in the context of the closed nature of the Soviet society and the tense international relations. The research is based on the unique archive materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Foreign Policy Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation which haven’t been studied and used so far. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2016.5.18947

Abstract: The research subject is the formation of the institution of constitutional legal responsibility in the Russian Federation. The research object covers not only legal relations, but also the political and ethical resources, which are currently influencing and can influence in future the effectiveness of measures of constitutional legal responsibility. The paper considers the topical issues of correlation of constitutional legal responsibility and political and ethical responsibility; of the inclusion of new constitutional legal sanctions in the Russian legislation; of the practice of their application in the context of development of discretionary powers of the head of the state. The author applies the positivist and technical approaches to distinguish between constitutional legal responsibility and other phenomena of a nonlegal nature. The axiological approach is used for outlining the capacities of the balance of legal and ethical norms within the context of the problem of constitutional legal responsibility. The novelty of the study consists in the analysis of the topical constitutional practices in the field of constitutional legal responsibility. The author offers to legitimize such a constitutional legal measure as a reprimand of a regional high official by the head of the state; to make the oath compulsory for state officials; to consider the recall of the regional highest official by the electorate as a form of constitutional legal responsibility. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2016.5.18968

Abstract: The research subject is the set of provisions of international law and the U.S. national legislation in the field of legal regulation of commercial activities aimed at the survey and extraction of space resources by private entities. The author studies the legal regime of minerals, contained in planets and asteroids, and the legal possibility of their commercial use by citizens (legal entities). The author analyzes the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act and compares it with the provisions of international law. To reveal the importance of provisions of the American legislation in the field of commercial space resources extraction, the author applies the comparative-legal and the technical research methods, analysis, and synthesis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the research of legal regulation of commercial survey and extraction of space resources in foreign states hasn’t been carried out in the Russian Federation so far. The author comes to the following conclusions: international law doesn’t prohibit the survey and extraction of space resources by private entities; persons, extracting minerals form planets (asteroids), have to follow the rules of the state of their citizenship; the Russian legislator should revise its attitude toward private space activity and initiate the development of the concept of the respective law. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2016.5.18214

Abstract: The research subject is the study of legislation and judicial practice aimed at detecting topical problems of legal regulations of civil-law relations in the field of car service. Special attention is paid to the problems of rights protection in contractual legal relationship of services, maintenance works, and repair of vehicles and the problem of protection of the sole right to a trade mark in the sphere of car service. The author applies the complex approach. The problems are considered within the correlation of material and procedural aspects. The author pays attention to the body of evidence necessary for legal collisions settlement. The author applies the method of judicial practice analysis, comparative analysis, the formal logical method, the hermeneutical method, the principle of unanimity of concrete and abstract, the correlation of factual and legal, material and procedural. The novelty of the study consists in the detection and classification of two groups of problems of civil-law relations in the field of car service. The author studies legal problems of execution of rights of car services’ clients (the problem of failure to perform obligations, to ensure safety of vehicles in car services, the problem of moral damage compensation and penalties claiming). The author studies the legal aspects of implementation of rights of organizations and individual entrepreneurs providing services in the field of car service (the problem of protection of the sole right to a trade mark, failure to perform payment obligations, reimbursement of spares in case of a unilateral invalidation of an agreement by the customer).