DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.7057

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62068

Abstract: the article analyzes the new sources on the postwar history of the USSR, which became available to the researchers due to their disclosure and publication. Special attention is given to archive documents, memoirs of politicians, and testimonies of the participants of the major events of 1945–1953. The article establishes their information potential.

Keywords: history, national history, social and political history, the period of 1945–1953, historical source, archive, personal fund, document, memoirs, publication activity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62069

Abstract: the article provides an analysis of the reasons for documenting a modern version of Russian history in the form of multivolume fundamental academic publication. It describes the methodological approaches of the authors of this project, discusses the expected effects of its implementation. This publication is intended as a response to the Russian society’s interest in the historical past that was clearly established lately, as reflected in discussions on topical problems of national history in the press and other mass media, in popular literature and journalism. The society expects the historical science to provide an objective coverage of national history, to give professional answers to questions, which arise. The multi-volume “History of Russia” shall become an authoritative scientific publication forming the historical consciousness and national identity, serving as basis for teaching history.

Keywords: history, concept, methodology, national project, new scientific knowledge, archive revolution, historical consciousness, national identification, multinational state, multiconfessionality.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62070

Abstract: Based on the example of the “memorial researches” the article examines a problem of interdisciplinary interaction (competition and cooperation) in the modern social and humanitarian knowledge, analyzes different aspects of theoretical and methodological discussions of the “historical memory” concept, evaluates the results of the development of the interdisciplinary approaches and perspectives of the synthesis of the research prospects in social and humanitarian sciences in the conditions of establishing of a new concept of “interdisciplinarity”.

Keywords: history, cultural studies, memory, culture, images of the past, interdisciplinary, interaction, identity, individual / supraindividual, the writing of history, synthesis of knowledge.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62071

Abstract: the article is devoted to the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Manifestos of 4th of December, 1762 and 22nd of July 1763 On Allowing Foreigners to Settle in Russia and on the Free Return of the Russian People, who Fled Abroad by the Empress Catherine II. It reviews the process of the implementation of these legal acts in practice, it shows the specific features of the colonization of the Volga region and Novorossiysk territory during the reign of Catherine II, Pavel I, Alexander I and in later periods. The authors highlight the paradoxes in history of Germans related to the Soviet state building, they describe the progress and effects of their forced displacement during the Soviet period.

Keywords: history, the Russian Empire, Catherine II, migration policy, migration, colonization, autonomy, Germans, deportation, patriotism.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62072

Abstract: the article examines the grounds and scale of the bad harvest in 1901, as well as the efforts of the authorities to overcome the food crisis, which followed. The author analyzes the food campaign regulation orders of the Minister of Internal Affairs Sipyagin D.S, the dynamics of issuing grain loans to the starving people, the organization of public works and the epidemiological situation (scurvy, typhus and other diseases) in the provinces affected by the crop failure during the spring of 1902.

Keywords: history, famine, consumption level, bad harvest, Sipyagin D.S., price level, agrarian unrest, disease, Lenin V.I.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62073

Abstract: the author researches the problems of military intelligence residencies in Vladivostok (Primorye) during the 1920–1922, the organizational and staff changes, management and classified staffing, collaboration and coordination of intelligence activities of the residencies of central and regional bodies of the Military Intelligence.

Keywords: history, Far Eastern Republic, Primorye, People’s Revolutionary Army, the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army, military intelligence, the Political Inspection Authority, Registration Division, Intelligence Agency, the military intelligence residency.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.8637

Abstract:

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62075

Abstract: the article is devoted to the characteristic features of ideological and educational activities of the Komsomol in the mid-1950s. Much attention is paid to the controversial effects of the romanticizing. Authors agree with the opinion of Uhl K. on the youth of the “thaw” period as a connective link between the “heroic past” and the “bright future”. The appeal to the patriotic feelings of the youth helped to mobilize them for creative activities. Authors show that the incoherent criticism of the cult of personality of Stalin I.V. coexisted with the increasing of the cult of personality of Lenin V.I., brought up to celebrate the legendary past and to inspire people to build communism.

Keywords: history, youth, Komsomol, method of romanticizing, Stalin I.V., Lenin V.I., cult, morality, traditions, political education.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62074

Abstract: the article discloses the meanings of the hypostasis of the soul of the ancient Egyptian – “Ba”, “Ka”, “Ah”, soul-name, soulshadow, and their origin. Thus, the genesis of “Ba” shows that its’ understanding goes back to the archaic understanding of the soul. The genesis of “Ka” leads to the practice of “rejecting the lips and eyes”, allowing to create an immortal ancient Egyptian counterpart of the soul. The author proposes the hypotheses about the role of the soul-name and the soul-shadow. The role of the name is clear enough: it allowed to identify a specific person, which was understood in the ancient world as the same as the creation of the world by the word; oblivion of the name was equal to murdering its owner. The article introduces the concept of a “virtual entity”, an idea of the soul-Ka is interpreted as one of the first versions of the virtual subject.

Keywords: history, cultural studies, soul, body, shadow, hypostasis, synthesis, characteristics, the double, death.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62076

Abstract: the article is based on the winning paper of the First All-Russian Competition for school students on the topic of “History, Culture, Maya Epigraphy”, as held by the Knorozov Center for Mesoamerican Studies of the Russian State University for the Humanities in 2011. The article considers the most complicated and controversial topics in Maya researches: the mystery of the Maya civilization collapse in the 10th century. The author critically analyses the hypotheses solving that problem, formulates his own position and substantiates the conclusion. In his point of view the collapse of the Classic Maya society did not mean the collapse of Maya civilization as such, rather the deepest foundations of the Maya civilization survived after the so-called collapse of the Classical period and during the era of Spanish conquest and in the subsequent period up to the present days.

Keywords: history, Mesoamerica, Mayan culture, Mayan ethnical groups, the Classic period, the era of conquest, civilization, civilization model, civilization dynamics.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62077

Abstract: the article discusses how the “News of the Central Military-Industrial Committee” newspaper issued by the Central Military- Industrial Committee covered the problem of the industrial mobilization, which was brought up by the leaders united behind the militaryindustrial committees. The newspaper positioned itself as the “All-Russian authority of the mobilized industry” and claimed to reflect upon the full complex of issues and attitudes of the participants of that movement. The detailed analysis of the materials of the newspaper showed that it informed readers on the topics of the military-industrial organizations in sufficient details, gave the idea of the positions of the most politically active part of the bourgeoisie and showed the differences and confrontations between groups in its environment.

Keywords: history, Firs World War of 1914–1918, military-industrial committees, “News of the Central Military-Industrial Committee”, mobilization of industry, economical crisis, government regulation of the economy, labor market regulation, demobilization of industry, oppositional feelings.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62078

Abstract: the article raises a question of the Korean community in Japan for the first time in national historiography. The author analyzes the work of quasi-labor union “Soaykay”, created and ruled by the Japanese state and police. The article is devoted to the 90th anniversary of the “catastrophe of the century” in Japan – the Great Kanto Earthquake (1923) and the followed Korean riots. This subject is also important in the context of current situation with the immigration processes and the need to manage the new “Great migration of peoples”.

Keywords: history, ethnology, migration, Korean community in Japan, reformism, monopoly, police labor union “Soaykay”, the Great Kanto Earthquake, ethnic discrimination, manipulative practice of labor conflicts settlement.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2013.1.62079

Abstract: the article is based on the monographic researches and covers the topic of tax reform in Russia during the reign of Alexander II. The author gives characteristics of the personality of the Finance Minister Reitern M. Kh. and evaluates his activities in the tax sphere. The author considers the changes in the system of indirect taxation, in the areas of production and sale of alcoholic beverages in particular. The article analyzes the changes in direct taxation in the trade and crafts and their results. Special attention is given to the taxation of peasants, including redemption payments (as a consequence of liberation from bondage and the additional tax burden for them). The author shows the examples of township chiefs’ excessive use of their official position, and how they often appropriate taxes to themselves while widely using the arsenal of measures proved to them by the law to compel peasants to timely payment of fees.

Keywords: history, reform, taxation, Alexander II, Reutern M.Kh., tax, lease, taxes, payments, estreats.