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Abstract: The article is devoted to the problem of creating anthropology of the Other in Emmanuel Levinas’ works as a variant of development of general ontological range of problems about the relation between terms ‘similar’ and ‘the other’. Solutions and approaches suggested by a French philosopher have made a great influence of formation of post-structural paradigm in modern philosophy, in particular, philosophy of difference. Failure of classical metaphysics of the subject determined a search for new ways describing human and his relations with the othe world. Levinas gave a definition of human from the point of view of responsibility for the other and supposed outcome beyond the limits of being in ethics. It has become an important step in development of ontological and ethical problems of modern philosophy.

Keywords: philosophy, Levinas, similar, the other, ethics, differences, the Other, otherness, Self, identity.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2017.2.21977

Abstract: This article analyzes the perception of “doctrinal” Kant about the anthropology of gender and love using the material of “Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime”, the aesthetic concept of which focuses on the impression from the subjects, feeling of joy and dissatisfaction, organic unity with mind, imagination and ethical consciousness related to the vital attraction that knows various levels of culture. The research is based on the earlier conducted analysis of the philosophy of love in Kant’s “Lectures on Ethics” (Mentzer). Having a form of essay, this work allows examining the various types of “benevolence” in its synthetic integrity and living unity, rather than abstraction and detachments, as it later would be in the “Critique of Judgment”. Kant’s anthropology, ethics, aesthetics, and philosophy of culture are intertwined into inseparable whole. Inclusion of the dimension of culture into this topic allows Kant noticing in the “goal of the nature”, which is pursued by the individuals and genders expect the natural element of continuation of bloodline, the cultural moment of mutual ennoblement and sublimation in beauty. Namely by this fact the Kant’s metaphysics of love drastically differs from metaphysics of Schopenhauer. Thus, in communication of genders, as in other relationships, various forms of benevolence are perceived as the existing in organic unity.  The healthy or deviating forms of such communication and mutual influence are substantiated in ideas of early Kant as dominant maxims of mutual upbringing. This leads the thought of Kant to formulization of a specific form of ethical-aesthetic deduction of marriage, which favorably differs from the presented by Kant-moralist and philosopher of the “strict law”.

Keywords: mutual influence of the genders, beautiful, goal of nature, education, ennoblement, love, taste, Kant, family, integrity

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.8.13233

Abstract: In this article Karpenko proposes the hypothesis on possible (indirect) influence of the ideal of ancient Platonic love on the development of courtly relations in the Middle Ages. Taking into account the fact that direct influence is impossible, the author makes an attempt to define their common features. Such elements become evident in the process of comparing Plato's texts (Symposium and Phaedrus) and a number of medieval sources. Karpenko concludes that there is a certain similarity (perhaps even identity) between some key features of Platonic love and courtly love (in the part when the influence of the Roman de la Rose is less). The author has also appealed to related resources of such experts as Vladimir Shishmarev, Johan Huizinga, Jacques Le Goff, Georges Duby, an dothers. The research is based on the method of the comparative analysis of texts, the method of the historical analysis and hermeneutical method (i.e. description of cultural practices of particular epochs through interpreting literary sources). The  novelty of the article is caused by the fact that the author makes an atempt to discover cultural relations and continuity in the spheres where these relations and continuity are not evident but nevertheless can be recorded based on the example of definite proofs found in original sources. This practice may be applied to other spheres of sciences to demonstrate either a fact of cultural heritage or a fact of accidental creation of similar values in different cultural environments. 

Keywords: troubadours and trouveres, Roman de la Rose (Romance of the Rose), fine amour, amour courtois, Middle Ages, ancientry, ancient world, Platonic love, courtesy , Provencal poetry, knighthood

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.8.66935

Abstract: In this article Karpenko proposes the hypothesis on possible (indirect) influence of the ideal of ancient Platonic love on the development of courtly relations in the Middle Ages. Taking into account the fact that direct influence is impossible, the author makes an attempt to define their common features. Such elements become evident in the process of comparing Plato's texts (Symposium and Phaedrus) and a number of medieval sources. Karpenko concludes that there is a certain similarity (perhaps even identity) between some key features of Platonic love and courtly love (in the part when the influence of the Roman de la Rose is less). The author has also appealed to related resources of such experts as Vladimir Shishmarev, Johan Huizinga, Jacques Le Goff, Georges Duby, an dothers. The research is based on the method of the comparative analysis of texts, the method of the historical analysis and hermeneutical method (i.e. description of cultural practices of particular epochs through interpreting literary sources). The  novelty of the article is caused by the fact that the author makes an atempt to discover cultural relations and continuity in the spheres where these relations and continuity are not evident but nevertheless can be recorded based on the example of definite proofs found in original sources. This practice may be applied to other spheres of sciences to demonstrate either a fact of cultural heritage or a fact of accidental creation of similar values in different cultural environments. 

Keywords: troubadours and trouveres, Roman de la Rose (Romance of the Rose), fine amour, amour courtois, Middle Ages, ancientry, ancient world, Platonic love, courtesy, Provencal poetry, knighthood