Philosophy and Culture - rubric National character and mentality

Abstract: The article is devoted to analyzing the main peculiarity of Russian philosophizing, - primary epistemological beliefs of the “synthetical paradigm”. Russian philosophizing is based on the idea of wholeness of existence and the idea of complementability of all forms of experiencing it from conception thinking and image perception, cold rationality and “believing mind” to intuition and mystical perception of the world.

Abstract: Abstract: selected extracts from H. Marcuse’s work “Reason and Revolution” in which the author analyzed Hegel’s dialectics and Hegel’s views on human as the subject and the object of social processes.

Keywords: philosophy, history, object, subject, dialectics, logics, Hegel.

Abstract: Review: the phenomenon of ethnicity is usually viewed in the social, cultural and psychological aspect. However, according to the author of the article, ethnicity can be analyzed as an anthropological problem. In that case, the phenomenon becomes part of the anthropological teaching. The author illustrated his idea with Kant’s views on the national character. Being a philosophical anthropologist, that German philosopher tried to find out how different peoples reacted to beautiful things and ideas

Keywords: philosophy, psychology, philosophical anthropology, ethnicity, national character, aesthetic sensitivity, feeling, spirit

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2024.3.70059

Abstract: The authors consider in detail the features of the socio-cultural design of ethnocultural activities based on the actualization of traditional values and heritage in the Aginsky Buryat district. Since the end of the twentieth century, there has been an intensification of activities for the development of ethnic culture in the district, and often the initiative comes from the people, and it is implemented in the form of socio-cultural projects of cultural institutions, education, non-profit organizations. In connection with these features, it becomes relevant to analyze the value core of the Buryat culture, which becomes the object of socio-cultural design at the present stage. To study this issue, methods of external and included observation, content analysis of ongoing socio-cultural projects were used; scientific literature on the topic of socio-cultural design and values of Buryat culture was analyzed. The research material was social practices and projects implemented in the Aginsky Buryat district. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the socio-cultural processes emerging in the social environment, initiated by tribal communities and social groups of peers, are studied. In the Agin Buryat district, these social groups are the subjects initiating innovative social practices aimed at actualizing and reviving the cultural core of the people. On the basis of these practices that have arisen in the popular environment, social projects of government bodies and institutions of the social sphere, culture, and education are being created and implemented. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that socio-cultural design at the present stage actualizes the values of the native language, the continuity of the family and tribal community, love for the native land, strengthening friendly ties with fellow countrymen and peers during the implementation of socially significant practices.

Keywords: innovative practices, peers, family-clan communities, phenomenon fellow countryman, social practice, traditional values, socio-cultural design, socio-cultural projects, value core, values

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2022.6.38179

Abstract: The subject of the research is the concept of "Russian idea" from the point of view of its transformation in the conditions of the modern postmodern paradigm. The characteristic markers forming the modern cultural-historical and philosophical paradigm are revealed – the specifics of their influence on the concept of "Russian idea" are analyzed. An example of the modern representation of the "neo-Eurasian" version of the concept as interpreted by A. G. Dugin demonstrates how in a postmodern situation, even ideas that are in discursive opposition to postmodern principles inevitably turn out to be embedded in the modern paradigm. Russian postmodern situation determines the specific forms of existence of the concept of "Russian idea", which, in turn, are representative for the analysis of phenomena, processes and transformations of modern Russian culture and the study of its dynamics. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the "Russian idea" as a concept with an unchanging semantic core, fixed through the presence of cross–cutting terms, as well as in identifying the characteristic types of modern forms of existence of the concept - Messianic, conservative-protective, nationalist, neo-Eurasian, political-ideological, liberal and others. The article analyzes and identifies the patterns of the constitution of the concept "Russian idea" in the conditions of the postmodernist paradigm, examines the specific markers characterizing the concept in the postmodern situation. The "Russian idea", on the one hand, is opposed to postmodernism as an axiological antinomy, on the other hand, modern markers of the concept are revealed, making it part of the postmodern system.

Keywords: grotesque, deconstruction, intertextuality, the situation of Postmodern, Postmodern, neo - Eurasianism, messianism, Russian idea, simulacrum, pastiche

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.6.6700

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2020.7.33393

Abstract: The subject of this research is the image of Boris Godunov viewed in three different aspects in the eponymous drama by A. S. Pushkin and in the opera by M. P. Mussorgsky. The goal consist in description of multifacetedness and complexity of image of the Tsar, as well as his main traits in representation of the poet and the composer, which helps the performers in staging the opera “Boris Godunov”. A comparative analysis of drama and opera is conducted in accordance with the tree main categories: philosophical-aesthetic foundation, psychological portrait, peculiarities of social environment and place of the hero therein. The main conclusions consist in determination of the important sides of possible interpretation of the image of Tsar as: 1) basic philosophical idea that underlies the entire play, and thus defines the role of Godunov in the artistic concept of stage director and actor; 2) key psychological traits that set the emotional tone for the image of Tsar Boris Godunov; 3) nature and specificity of relations between the protagonist and other characters. The scientific novelty of this article is defined by an attempt to determine the key trends in creating an artistic image of the hero by means of theoretical analysis of representations on protagonist in the drama by A. S. Pushkin and opera by M. P. Mussorgsky. The author believes that the range of qualities and traits imposed by these prominent upon Boris Godunov would help the novice actors to find the key to their unique interpretation of this character.

Keywords: psychological component, philosophical and aesthetic component, the interpretation of the party, comparative analysis, artistic image, Opera by Mussorgsky, tragedy of Pushkin, Boris Godunov, social component, stage performance

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2018.1.25165

Abstract: This article turns particular attention to the symbolic interpretation of the phenomenon of ethnos and ethnic culture that fits into the constructivist paradigm of ethnology. As the basis is taken the presence of a unique secondary symbolic spectrum of consciousness, development at the stage of ethnogenesis and accomplishing a function of edification of the ethical in a person. In this angle, ethnic culture appears as social code and psychomental structure bound to the traditional life-sustaining system, rooted by ritual, and its fundamental core is the mythologically concepted unique spectrum of ethnic symbols of consciousness. Such metaphysical-symbolic articulation of the phenomenon of ethnos and its culture raises a question on the possible termination of their existence, as a results of destruction of the symbolic spectrum of secondary mythological symbols. The scientific novelty is defined by conclusion on the symbolic nature of ethnos and its culture, which is explicated through the unique interpretation of the universal for human of any culture initial symbols of consciousness, which establish the cultural code of a person. This secondary after the verbal interpretation spectrum of ethnic symbols represents a cultural code of ethnos. The contemporary nations that did not lose the indicated ontological symbolic constructs can possibly experience their renaissance and modernization. The latter appears as the synthesis of the symbols of diverse cultures that is demonstrated on the examples of modern Yakut cultural practices – theatre, cinematography, dance, and fine arts.

Keywords: Yakuts, ethnic culture, ethnogenesis, ethnos, ethnology, consciousness, symbolic spectrum, symbols, ethnocultural modernization, Yakut art

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2020.7.33541

Abstract: The object of this research is the problematic raised by the representatives of political-legal doctrine of Eurasianism, which retains its relevance, despite the fact that the history of classical Eurasianism ended over 70 years ago. Geographical position of Russia along with its spatial-temporal orientation, or using the term of Pyotr Nikolaevich Savitsky “topogenesis”, foredooms the national political-legal ideology to pursuit of new ideas and concepts attributed to this characteristic of the country. The subject of this research is the relevance of classical Eurasianism, namely the ideas of its founder N. S. Trubetzkoy with their anti-extremist vector. The author also compares the ideas of N. S. Trubetzkoy and L. N. Gumilyov, and determines the common anti-extremist position. The main conclusion consists in proving the author’s hypothesis on anti-extremist nature of the ideas of N. S. Trubetzkoy and L. N. Gumilyov. A vivid testimony is reflected in the essence of Trubetzkoy’s “revolution of consciousness”, which rejects “fascinating intentions of Romano-Germanic civilization”, declaring itself “the center of the universe”, while it is necessary to understand that all cultures are equivalent to the fact that there is no highest and lowest cultures. N. S. Trubetzkoy claims that the “revolution of consciousness” lies in toppling the idols of egocentrism, in other words, the national haughtiness and chauvinism. Another conclusion is proof of the hypothesis on anti-extremist nature of Eurasian ideas of L. N. Gumilyov. He advanced arguments for polycentrism according to the theory of ethnogenesis, which is based on natural science. The idea of ethnoses itself, as the main point of Gumilyov’s theory, speaks of the evident anti-nationalistic and anti-extremist character of his theory, which again proves the author’s hypothesis.

Keywords: nationalism, Turanian civilization, correlation, identity, ethnicity, Eurasianism, Gumilev, Trubetskoy, chauvinism, egocentrism

Abstract: The epoch of globalization is characterized by a paradox combination of the growth of multi-ethnocultural interactions, population and genetic shift of peoples and reinforcement of ethnic identity at the same time. However, there are still vivid debates around the terms ‘ethnos’ and ‘nation’ between primordialists and constructivists in Russian philosophy and ethnology. It also gave birth to a new interpretation anthropology which studies cultural differences and meanings of human activity and various social coalitions in comparison with discrete units of anthropological (ethnological) analysis and relations between them.

Keywords: philosophy, human, globalization, culture, ethnos, integrity, anthropology, self-consciousness, primordialists, constructivists.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2018.3.25640

Abstract: The subject of this research is the axiological phraseologisms as representatives of the axiological contents of German culture. The notion of axiological phraseologisms has appeared fairly recently. Dictionaries alongside the scientific works do not provide definition to the notion of axiological phraseologism. In this research, the axiological phraseologism is directly related to the definition of axiological, which is both, from perspective of temporal space – relevance of application, as well as the understanding of value as national values. The author uses the semiotic approach towards examination of the axiological contents through the prism of axiological phraseologisms. Phraseologism, as cultural texts, code information about the values of the people. Using the method of survey, the author determined the basic values of German people. Axiological contents of German culture, coded in the axiological phraseologisms, reveal the meanings of the relevant values of the people. Examining the axiological contents through the prism of axiological phraseologisms of German language, the article studies the language and culture of Germans. The relevance is substantiated by the uneasy relations between Russian and Germany. Thus, for maintaining business relations between the countries, businessmen must study the culture and language of their business partner. Different lands, different laws (andere Länder - andere Sitten) as claims the German proverb. Knowledge of the meanings and axiological contents of German culture can prevent the misunderstanding and conflicts in intercultural communication with German partners.

Keywords: intercultural communication, semiotics, axiological phraseological units, valuable content, values, German, language, culture, business relationsships, business partners

Abstract: The article analyzes the genesis of philosophical conceptions of modernization from the point of view of economic activity. The authors of the article describe the relation between modernization and postindustrialization models of socio-cultural development. The authors show the peculiar nature of national economic management culture and raises a question about ethno-confessional economic management.

Keywords: philosophy, ethno-confessional relations, ethno-confessional factor, modernization, post-modernization, post-industrialization, economic management, non-linear, local modernization.

Abstract: The article claims that formation f the Russian civil nation is one of the directions of consolidation of the Russian society. Russian ethnical culture is viewed as the basics of Russian culture and Russian nation. It is supposed that the openness of the Russian personality and Russian culture enable representatives of other ethnos both to join them and to participate in their development

Keywords: cultural studies, society, nation, ethnos, culture, Russian, consolidation, assimilation, multi-culturalism

Abstract: The questions of international cultural co-operation are gaining growing importance in modern international relations. Nowadays there is not a single country which wouldn’t pay attention at the problems of building solid cultural and scientific contacts with other nations. Many modern researches and politicians believe that being the process of spiritual, creative and intellectual communication, culture suggests the process of mutual enrichment with new ideas in the context of cultural exchange, and thus, plays an important communicative role uniting groups of people of diverse social, ethnical and religious characteristics

Keywords: cultural studies, cultural policy, universal language, multi-cultiralism, globalization in culture, creative process, cultural heritage, dialogue, in the sphere of culture

Abstract: Susan Sontag is an American author, literary theorist and political activist. In her article Sontag reviews the famous diary by Cesare Paverse which was published after his suicide and became a rather important event in literature. Susan Sontag studies Cesare Paverse’s views on personality, life and love.

Keywords: philosophy, art, artist, Cesare Paverse, love

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of Russian people’s everyday life during the last third of the 17th century as a part of the historical process of changing human consciousness. The author of the article also discusses how a new form of social and everyday life was formed when Russia adopted elements of Western European culture. The article descries the bright moments of everyday life and holidays of the Russian people as well as interest of foreigners who arrived at and lived in Russia during the last third of the 17th century. The article is based on historical, cultural and culturological approaches.

Keywords: cultural studies, Russia, society, holiday, everyday culture, foreigners, urban mentality, feudalism, clothes, power.

Abstract: The article is devoted to social and cultural background of the phenomenon of Russian youth movement outside their native country. The authors of the article describe certain measure which, at least for a while, allowed to stop de-nationalization of growing generation.

Keywords: philosophy, history, emigration, youth, succession, acculturation, mentality, nation, identity, cultural studies.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2024.4.70532

Abstract: The research conducted in this article is aimed at analyzing color symbols in Russian, French and Chinese linguistic cultures using the analysis of phraseology and proverbs. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of phraseological units and proverbs containing color components in these languages. In the course of the study, both common and unique features in the color symbolism of each of the linguistic cultures under consideration were identified. Through a comparative analysis of phraseology and proverbs in different languages, it was possible to better understand how color embodies cultural norms, worldview and historical contexts in each nation. This allowed us to see which aspects of color are particularly significant for each culture and what associations and symbolic meanings are associated with them. Special attention is paid to the analysis of differences and similarities in the interpretation of color in the idiomatic expressions of each language. This allows us to understand which cultural and historical factors form unique views and ideas about color in each of the linguistic cultures under consideration. The study also highlights that the interpretation of color symbols in idiomatic expressions depends on the cultural and historical contexts of each language. Idioms are a reflection of the collective consciousness and worldview of the people, and the study of color phenomena in idioms helps to better understand national identity and linguistic evolution. In addition, the study found that the red color can acquire different meanings and connotations in different languages, despite common dictionary definitions. This indicates that the use and attitude towards the color red depends on the cultural and historical characteristics of each language group. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it combines linguistic analysis with the analysis of cultural characteristics and uses the methodology of synergetic symbolism. This approach allows us to understand how the interaction of different colors creates new symbolic meanings and associations specific to each culture.

Keywords: Linguistic picture of the world, Proverbs, Phraseologisms, Color designations, Chinese language, French language, Russian language, Red color, Coloratives, Comparative analysis

Abstract: The article reveals the spiritual basis of the Russian nation. The author defines the fundamental basis of the personal ‘integrity’ which is, at the same time, the measure of personal spirituality. The author studies the concepts of ‘spirit’ and ‘spirituality’ based on the classical tradition introduced first by Aristotle, Plato and Hegel and then by I. A. Ilyin, N. O. Lossky, V.S. Soloviev, E. N. Trubetskoy, P. A. Florensky, S. L. Frankl and other religious philosophers who represented the ideal-realism philosophy. The article also provides a detailed analysis of N. O. Lossky’s views on the Russian mentality.

Keywords: philosophy, spirituality, integrity, combination, character, duty, responsibility, personality, basis, people.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2023.10.68824

Abstract: The article examines the content of human nutrition, based on an axiological approach to understanding culture: food can become a carrier of spirituality and cultural value meanings. In this connection, the semantic meanings of such concepts as "food culture" and "gastronomic culture" are revealed. In modern science, everyday food culture correlates with the definition of "gastronomic culture", although to date there is no unambiguous understanding of this multidimensional cultural phenomenon, which is a specific attribute of each regional culture. The subject of the study is the food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The object of this study is the peculiarities of everyday food culture in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). To identify possible gastronomic brands of Yakutia, a pilot survey was conducted among residents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The presented article is relevant due to the fact that currently in modern culture there is a growing interest in the field of everyday food culture. The topic of food covers all areas of popular culture. Many books and periodicals on culinary topics are published. Exhibitions and competitions of culinary art are held. The catering system is actively developing. And these issues seem relevant today from the point of view of cultural knowledge and deserve close theoretical study.

Keywords: Yakutia, national cuisine, gastronomic culture, yakut cuisine, culinary culture, food, food culture, daily life, culture, sakha people

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.2.62328

Abstract: Traditionally, philosophers who study Russian mentality focus on typical contradictions and ‘unsurpassable’ binarity viewed by Lotman as the source of destruction of Russian culture and by Kondakov – as the opposition which made it possible for the culture to exist till late XX. At the same time, the phenomenon considered has stable harmonious properties, too. These properties form the mental code of Russian culture. This code has become the axiological and conceptual costant of Russian culture and created the unique nature and successive development of Russian culture throughout the history. To study the code, the author suggests to use deconstruction as a research method, because it allows to reconstruct its hidden mechanism and to change its configuration according to a new historical environment. This approach, combined with the methods of structuralism and psychoanalysis, has shown that binarity was typical for the structure of the mental code only at early stage of its development. Now the mental code consists of the three elements which allows Russian culture retain its entirety as well as to keep a decent position in the multicultural in conditions of globalization.

Keywords: philosophy, Russian culture, mental code, structure, function, the must mode, identity, reconstruction, destruction, deconstruction.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.4.10595

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.4.64228

Abstract: Specific feature of Russian history is the regular genesis of single-type systemic crises. In order to brake the vicious circle and to realize actual potentials it is necessary, first of all, to understand the deep inside reasons of this process. Sources should be found in both ancient and modern history of Russia that provides enough material for analysis and search for better solutions of eternal problem, self-identification being the central problem here. Many century history of this problem is described as the result of the strongest West influence and painful opposition to it. This inferiority complex is most clearly found out at the level of values. The way to self-affirmation in the global world (also as well as in feudal) is the search for values and goals which would be harmonic for our culture instead of the fashionable purposes and values.

Keywords: self-identification, evolution, value, an inferiority complex, reforms, Westerners, Slavophiles, adaptability, history, elite.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.5.9732

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.5.64929

Abstract: The author of the article describes one of the most important concepts in German culture, the concept of Heim (Hearth and Home). The author provides a definition of the concept and describes its etymology and traditional use in German culture. The author also describes the main features of this concept from the point of view of the German national mentality including emotional fullness and the feeling of protection, safety and psychological comfort. Moreover, the author compares this German concept with associated terms in other languages and cultures. The author underlines that the concept of Heim (Hearth and Home) satisfies one of the main human needs in privacy and personal (safe) space and protects humans from feeling homelessness as well as experiencing the existential fear (Angst). For a German person, his own tidy and cozy home is the place where the order and safety reign and where he can feel protected from anxieties and threats and chaos of the outside world.

Keywords: cultural research, cultural concept, German culture, national mentality, home (Heim), hearth, existential fear (Angst), existential homelessness, feeling of safety, privacy.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.6.62768

Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the most important terms in German culture, the concept of longing and yearning (Sehnsucht). Special attention is paid at etymology of the concept and its interpretation in philosophy. The author describes the main features of longing: uncertain pattern, no significant reason, inability to satisfy it and connection with one’s being. The author also underlines the ambivalence of that feeling and views how that concept was reflected in German poetry and Romanticism fine arts.

Keywords: philosophy, culture, cultural concept, longing and yearning (Sehnsucht), romanticism, mentality, Weltschmerz (cosmic sadness), Fernweh (crave for travel), Heinweh (homesickness), Caspar David Friedrich.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.7.12208

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2014.7.65291

Abstract: The author of the article discusses essential relations, differences and similarities of nation and ethnos as the two scientific categories of the social and philosophical discourse and as social communities that actually exist in the reality and describes their ontological grounds. The author also touches upon peculiarities of the processes of ethno-genesis and nation-genesis including the processes of ethno-cultural fragmentation of nations under the conditions of globalization and multi-culturalization, discusses the role of nations and ethnos as systematically important social group actors in the processes of formation, transformation and differentiation of the modern global society and provides an insight into the theories of socio-genesis, their classification and methodological concepts. The researcher carries out a comparative social and philosophical analysis of the main concepts of socio-genesis in terms of nation and ethnos as the actually existing phenomena of social reality and categories of the social and philosophical discourse studied in the process of their historical development. The author establishes a hypothesis about the qualitative difference between ethnos and nation as long-existing different social communities which genesis is related to different spheres of social existence, in particular, spheres of everyday life for ethnos and political spheres for nation. Results of the comparative analysis of the theories of socio-genesis show that a sustainable dualism of the theoretical approaches to the genesis of social communities (constructivism-primordialism) reflects the non-similarity of nation and ethnos as continuously stable phenomena of different social nature.

Keywords: ethnos, nation, socio-genesis, ethno-genesis, nation-genesis, constructivism, primordialism, instrumentalism, ethnocultural fragmentation, globalization.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.8.6957

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.8.63103

Abstract: The article contains analysis of one of the key German concepts: the concept of coziness (Gemütlichkeit). Much attention is paid to the etymology of this term and history of its use in the German culture. The author provides for the key characteristic features of this concept, namely, the connection with the inner world and soul of a person (Gemüt) and the material conditions of the surrounding atmosphere. The article includes analysis of the social element of this phenomenon and comparison of this term and similar terms in other cultures and languages.

Keywords: cultural studies, concept German culture, Gemütlichkeit (coziness), Gemüt (soul, inner world), home, hearth, Angst (existential fear), individualism, bourgeois culture.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.10.4907

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2013.10.63419

Abstract: The author of the article studies peculiarities of Islam in Dagestan. The author views the balance of the national and confessional aspects from the point of view of history and culture as well as their interaction in modern age of development of the Republic of Dagestan.

Keywords: philosophy, confession, ethnicity, nation, Dagestan, traditions, culture, religious consciousness, Islam, national factor.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.12.16104

Abstract: The research is devoted to the contradictions of national identity. Nikolay Berdyaev offered a number of antinomies through which contradictory nature of national identity can be viewed. The first antinomy is about passion and intolerance specific for the Russian mind. The researcher demonstrates how passion and intolerance are manifested in various spheres of Russian life. The other antinomy sounds like 'Russia is the most ungoverned country in the world', on the one hand, while on the other hand Berdyaev saw Russia as the country with the most rigid government structure. Methodologically this contradiction was determined by the influence of the East and West which, in its turn, contributed to the development of the Russians' 'messianic consciousness'. Dualism of national identity is an interesting topic not only from the point of view of history taking into account the fact that today's Russia is at another 'turning point' just like in Berdyaev's times but also because Berdyaev's idea about the relationship between national and European values will allow to take another look at what is happening in our country today.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2015.12.67262