Abstract: Resume: the author is talking about a very profound human need to view the world as one whole picture, a certain system of views on general laws regulating the world, society and human, i.e. the need for the world view.

Keywords: philosophy, human, society, world view, belief

Abstract: Resume: the author of the article has noted that being a very many-sided and significant phenomenon, globalization brought to life a new language of communication. By all appearances, it is the first time in the human history when a symbolic language starts to acquire features of the universal code. Viewing M. McLuhan’s conception as a prerequisite for the modern theory of communication, the author is reviewing the symbolic code of the post-modernism.

Keywords: globalization, post-modernism, philosophy, communication, symbol, code, secret code, histosophy, image, style.

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Abstract: It is shown in the article that the so-called endophysical turn occurs in the modern non-classical epistemology. In the frames of the endophysical approach to the study of reality, it is assumed that an observer is presented in the observed picture of events in an unavoidable way, chooses a certain subjective temporal net and cuts out the objective tissue of events and his possibility to cognize the world depends on his bodily structures and on abilities of his consciousness. It is demonstrated that endophysics operates with notions not only of a real observer, but also of a virtual observer as a fundamental element of the procedure of mental experiment when virtual realities and entire worlds are built according to the principle as if.

Keywords: philosophy, epistemology, endophysics, synergetics, perception, time, tempoworld, virtualistics, mesocosm, evolution.

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Abstract: Abstract: the article considers a problem of correlation between the democracy and authoritarianism in post-Soviet and contemporary Russian politics. Relying on the researches of Russian political scientists, sociologists, social philosophers, the author has demonstrated that the origins of authoritarianism may be found in the political practice of the middle of 1990th. It is also demonstrated that the far evolution of political regime depended upon a failure of social and economical reforms of 1990th, but at the same time it is now getting its own way because of the deep transformation of the social structure of the Russian society.

Keywords: politics, power, society, modernization, reform, democracy, authoritarianism, conservatism, legitimacy.

Abstract: Resume: the article is devoted to the key process of the modern culture, - confluence of the two types of self-comprehension (as the hero and non-hero) and transformation of the traditional teleology. If the traditional theme of the European “heroic” culture was to become like gods, the new teleology needed new purposes and goals since it was completely non-metaphysical. When such mythological quests became quite popular in the European culture back in the 19th century, the new meaning was found in mythological creatures such as vampires and werewolves. Thus, “non-life” or factual animality became the final point of the human development instead of becoming god or super man.

Keywords: philosophy, self-idolization, immortality, death, super man, animality, collectivism, personalism, vampire, werewolf.

Abstract: Resume: hermeneutics is aimed at clarifying the miracle of understanding and the miracle of understanding is not the “secret” communication between souls but their sharing one meaning. What makes understanding possible? This is the main question of hermeneutics Understanding is always understanding the other.

Keywords: philosophy, understanding, germeneutics, philosophy, communication, knowledge, language, Hadamer, drafts of meanings, pre-understanding.

Abstract: Resume: the article is devoted to the role of the Russian philosophy in the 19th – early 20th century for the modern age. It is noted that besides being interesting as it is, the legacy of the Russian philosophers has a very practical value. On one hand, they raised very important questions and on the other hand, they declared ideas and conceptions which can help us to solve political issues of the modern age and to overcome the anthropological crisis.

Keywords: history, philosophy, relevancy, modern age, significance, politics, culture, democracy, Russia.

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Abstract: Resume: the author of the article suggests that Hegel’s conception about the absolute gesture should be viewed as the basis for existential teaching about gesture. It is shown that Heidegger’s teaching about the eternal return of ground does not contradict to it. Hegel’s philosophy gave rise to Merlo-Ponti’s phenomenology. Very concrete anthropological data proves that these conceptions are true. The central example of this is Moses especially his sculptures created by Michelangelo.

Keywords: philosophy, existential, pointing hand, Moses, Michelangelo, Italian gestures, archaic gestures, antique gestures, sitting pose, counter party.

Abstract: Resume: the author of the article analyzes the two conceptions on infinity and makes the hypothesis about periodical radicals incommensurable to integral numbers.

Keywords: philosophy, irrational, rational, Pythagoras, Cantor, numbers, periodicity, sets of numbers, Zenkin.

Abstract: Resume: the author of the article is comparing Confucius’ and Jesus Christ’s teachings. The author’s preference is given to Confucius because his teaching is not heterogenic like Christ’s ethics which is complemented by mythological images and ideas. Confucius’ teaching has an anthropological focus and this is why it is more humanistic, true and non-contradictory. Christ’s ethics are more theologized and this is why Christ’s adepts were full of paradoxes and their society was full of dichotomies and conflicts. Thus, despite its old age, Confucius’ ethics have a very important meaning for the modern society and can help us to overcome the moral crisis in Russia.

Keywords: truth, path, myth, God, code of ethics, fear, humanism, faith, duality, the Good, the Evil.

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Abstract: Resume: the author of the article has tried to reconstruct some key tendencies in the history of the West-European social ethics based on changes in the classifications of forms of justice. The starting point of this research is Hugo Grotius’ classification of justice underling the secondary nature of the distributive component of justice. Grotius’ classification marked the beginning of new European views on justice. Grotius criticized Aristotelian approaches to the social ethics and sought other antique teachings to prove his views such as Cicero’s work “On Duties”.

Keywords: philosophy, morals, ethics justice, forms, distribution, exchange, Grotius, Aristotle, Cicero.