Abstract:

Abstract: the author is investigating the social phenomena of an important and meaningful stage in life, the youth.

Keywords: youth, psychology, philosophy, politics.

Abstract: the events happening in the world now make us question whether they are the result of progress or regress of modern civilization. The most dramatic thing is that, with each passing day it is becoming more and more difficult to distinguish the Evil from the Good, the False from the Truth, the Ugliness from the Beauty, the Injustice from the Justice, criminal deeds from the heroic acts, bad people from the good, pseudo entrepreneurship from the true entrepreneurship, forwardness from the free will, illusions from the reality, anarchy from the order, wrong from the right, pseudo democracy from democracy, immorality from the good morals, and so on. According to the author, the idea of social naturalism creates the grounds for the anti-crisis world perception.

Keywords: philosophy, naturalism, world outlook (world perception), nature, society, culture, crisis, progress, regress, human being.

Abstract: the question about “peculiarities of culture” is raised in all kinds of contexts. Such peculiarities are quite willingly admitted both by architects of the global world order, ideologists of political correctness, theorists of multi-cultures and many others. Such cultural peculiarities are quite obvious; however, the main point of the article is not to prove such peculiarity, but to understand what it actually means.

Keywords: philosophy, knowledge, faith, culture, peculiarities of culture, architectonics, paradigmatics, historicism, religion, otherness.

Abstract:

Abstract: the article is interpreting the origins of bourgeois philosophy in respect to its classical authors, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Their theories reflected the period when England, advanced European country in the 17th century, moved from feudalism to capitalism. That period in economy was the epoch of the initial capitalistic “accumulation”, very similar to the times of the “wild” capitalism in Russia back in 1990s under the government of Boris Eltsin. Eltsin’s “wild” capitalism is still remembered by Russians for its tough social consequences which are not fully overcome even now. Discussions in classical philosophy devoted to the “labour pains” of the bourgeois society will be certainly of interest to thoughtful readers.

Keywords: philosophy, natural sciences, soul, psyche, reflex, science, psychology, theory of knowledge, anthropology, world perception.

Abstract: the article is interpreting the origins of bourgeois philosophy in respect to its classical authors, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Their theories reflected the period when England, advanced European country in the 17th century, moved from feudalism to capitalism. That period in economy was the epoch of the initial capitalistic “accumulation”, very similar to the times of the “wild” capitalism in Russia back in 1990s under the government of Boris Eltsin. Eltsin’s “wild” capitalism is still remembered by Russians for its tough social consequences which are not fully overcome even now. Discussions in classical philosophy devoted to the “labour pains” of the bourgeois society will be certainly of interest to thoughtful readers.

Keywords: philosophy, Enlightenment, knowledge, science, natural sciences, history, Renaissance, philosopher, activity, Marxism.

Abstract: the article is devoted to one of the most important themes in philosophical anthropology, — the freedom researched by Raymond Aron. According to Aron, the human can achieve his personal freedom only through the “political freedom” which gives us the right to participate in social activities and makes us feel that we somehow influence the social decisions. Such political freedom destroys the despotism. Democracy is viewed as the main condition for the political freedom to be settled.

Keywords: philosophy, freedom, social laws, system of values, individuality, society, politics, information civilization.

Abstract: the article is devoted to the first philosophical school in Russian history, the school of Slavophiles. The author covered the main achievements of Slavophiles in founding the Russian idea, such as collegiality, Orthodoxy, wholeness of spirit, Russian freedom from nationalism and strives for higher moral and Orthodox imperatives.

Keywords: philosophy, Slavophiles, collegiality, Orthodoxy, wholeness of spirit, community, inner truth, political indifference, the Russian idea.

Abstract:

Abstract: Anti-Semitism is obviously a certain world perception; — this is what the humanities experts say. On the other hand, it is quite a unique phenomenon both as the world perception and as the field of study of the human science. Anti-Semitism was eventually the sphere in which “whole” (meaning not fractioned by knowledge) religious views could exit together and in such way, it contributed to developing Renaissance and early European science by studying the Jewish religion with the purpose of its repression.

Keywords: philosophy, anti-Semitism, study of the Bible, science, methodology, meanings, Christianity, world outlook (world perception), religion, research.

Abstract: this article is devoted to one of the most challenging problems in modern philosophical and religious anthropology, — building the image of the human in religious neo modernism. Modern humankind has encountered the anthropological crisis on the threshold of and “within” the new century. Representatives of post-structuralism call this crisis “death of a human”. Levinas and Batay (postmodernism) have obviously demonstrated the crisis of traditional views on the human but haven’t shown the ways to overcome the crisis. Since anthropological knowledge is so contradictory and uncertain now, searching and developing new images of the human is becoming of great interest to modern philosophical and religious anthropologists.

Keywords: philosophy, human, postmodernism, religion, anthropological crisis, esotery, mysticism, theosophy, evolution.

Abstract: memories of David Izrailevich Dubrovsky, the member of the academy at Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, about another great person, physician and philosopher Vladimir Spiridonovich Gott.

Keywords: philosophy, Vladimir Spiridonovich Gott, magazine “Philosophical Sciences”.

Abstract: the idea of opening theological faculties in universities has been widely discussed lately. Raising the issue of relations between religion and philosophy, S. Neretina, A. Ogurtsov and V. Rozin (All PhDs at Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences) insisted that such an approach to science and philosophy would surely be a failure. The main principle of philosophy of education had always been, they said, the autonomy of universities from the church and government.

Keywords: philosophy, religion, science, Orthodoxy, dogma.