Философско-методологическая реконструкция ранних этапов развития естествознания в свете теории научных революций Т. Куна

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Abstract: This article makes an attempt to reviews the scientific revolution in physics of the XVII century in the context of ideas, proposed and substantiated in the book of the Western philosopher Thomas Kuhn “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”; main attention is focused on the process of creation of Newton’s mechanics as an antipode to the mechanics of Aristotle, and the world system of Ptolemy. The author illustrates such theses of T. Kuhn as the “change of paradigm and anomaly”, “duration of the change of paradigm”, “constructiveness of the scientific crisis”, and others. Philosophical concepts of Galilei, Copernicus, and Newton are being analyzed as a methodological system. As testified by the history of mathematical and physical sciences, natural scientific knowledge during the process of its rapid development often experiences crises, which are accompanied by the reconsideration of the main fundamental positions and approaches towards the description and research of the basic concept of the universe, paradigm bases, role of one or another prerequisite constructs of the new discoveries, correlation between separate fragments of knowledge associated with the reframing of the earlier determined and established in the conscience of the scientific society logical-conceptual links.