DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2021.8.36258

Abstract: This article is dedicated to examination of phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. An attempt is made to determine the criteria for finding phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. The subject of this research is the peculiarities of various types of English-Russian phraseological equivalents. Referring to the research of outstanding scientists, the article describes and analyzes the types of phraseological equivalents in the English and Russian languages. The author provides the examples of a range of phraseological units of the English and Russian languages, selected from the Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language, Russian National Corpus, and British National Corpus. Contextual method and method of phraseological description are used for studying English-Russian phraseological equivalents. The scientific novelty of this paper consists in the full or partial manifestation of phraseological equivalence of a number of unique phraseological units in the English and Russian languages leaning on the conducted research of compositional volume. The conclusion is made that the adverbial phraseological units-equivalents are characterized by an exact match of phraseological meaning, structural-grammatical organization, imagery framework, and thus, compositional volume. For determining the degree of match of the structural-grammatical organization, it is essential to consider the specific typological features, which are typical for one language and atypical for another due to difference in the systems of the compared languages. Partial phraseological equivalence of adverbial phraseological units is characterized by the exact match of plane of content and insignificant differences in the plane of expression, which do not affect the identity of imagery of the English and Russian adverbial phraseological unit.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2020.8.33636

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the national-cultural specifics of adverbial phraseological units in English and Russian. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the three levels of manifestation of the national-cultural specificity of phraseological units: 1) in the aggregate phraseological meaning, 2) in the meaning of individual lexical components, 3) in the direct meaning of a free phrase that has been figuratively reinterpreted (i.e. in prototypes of phraseological units). The paper gives a characteristic of each level of manifestation, based on the analysis of the study of the component composition of phraseology. Russian Russian and English phraseological units, selected from the Dictionary of Russian Phraseology, Russian and British National Corpus, are analyzed in the analysis of examples of a number of phraseological units of the English and Russian languages. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the manifestation of the national - cultural specificity of a number of unique phraseological units of the English and Russian languages that do not have correspondences, based on the conducted study of the component composition. The methods of studying phraseological units are: contextual method, method of phraseological description. The main conclusions of the study are the following: The first level of manifestation of the national-cultural specificity of phraseological units is associated with non-equivalent or lacunary adverbial units. Phraseological units of the second group, the number of which is very limited, have a national-cultural component in their component composition, which can be represented by words denoting the realities characteristic of English or Russian peoples – speakers of two languages. phraseological units of the third group reflect the history of the peoples – native speakers of English and Russian, their peculiar traditions, customs, historical facts, superstitions, originally laid down in the prototype.