DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2018.1.27981

Abstract: Building construction in the regions with severe climatic conditions must pay considerable attention to the questions of heat preservation and minimization of heat loss through the external enclosing structures. The article analyzes the main sources heat leakage through translucent enclosing structures and determines that the best course of action is to reduce heat loss via window structure through the use of an effective glass unit. There are three main ways to increase the reduced resistance to heat transfer of a glass unit. Reducing methods of heat transfer, which occurs by convection and radiation, are discussed in detail. The reasons for the emergence of the need to use energy-efficient technologies, as well as global experience in the development and use energy-efficient double-glazed windows are given. The climatic conditions of populated areas of Siberia are compared with the climatic conditions of populated areas of Canada and it is established that the cold in Canadian and Russian territories is almost the same, but their north is deserted, the population is concentrated on the southern border. Thus, populated areas of Siberia have more severe climatic conditions, which is one of the factors that it is necessary not just to learn from foreign experience in using energy-efficient technologies, but to adapt them to more severe weather conditions.

DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2017.4.24964

Abstract:     This article provides the basic principles that must be adhered to for establishing the comfortable indoor microclimate and ensuring the longevity of building structures in designing the residential and public buildings in the northern latitudes. The authors analyse the issues associated with the inappropriate account of physical processes within the building envelopes and structures in the severe natural and climatic conditions, such as low temperatures the whole year, long polar night and polar day, reduces air humidity in the central part of the Far North, strong winds and snowstorms. The article describes the consequences of the negative impact of inadmissible parameters of indoor microclimate upon the human health, named the “sick building syndrome”. The work presents the review of the literature on building engineering in the northern latitudes, which demonstrated that the majority of the articles are dedicated to the use of effective construction supplies, as well as peculiarities of engineering of buildings from the standpoint of architecture and structural engineering. The questions of consideration of the physics of environment and building envelopes are covered insufficiently.    

DOI: 10.7256/2585-7789.2017.2.25043

Abstract: In the construction practice, the most common angles in architectural morphogenesis are the right angles of outside building walls, but most recent projects utilize various forms of such outside corners. Within the internal structure of the external building corner the temperature distribution and the nature of the heat transfer differs from the surface of the wall, which makes it more vulnerable in sanitary maintenance and thermal protection. In the current construction norms and rules, for carrying out sanitary maintenance requirements the temperature of the indoor surface of the outside corners of the building should not be lower than the temperature of the condensation point of the indoor air. Violation of these requirements can lead to freezing of the corners, formation of condensate, and eventually mold and mildew. The article examines the special problem of changes to the temperature index on the indoor surface of the corner depending on its size and explores the forms of right angle corners. The author presents the results of experimental reading of temperature of the indoor surface of outside corners with 90 and 135-degree angles. The acquired data allowed comparing these angles from the position of sanitary maintenance.