DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2022.2.39172

EDN: DVTIPX

Abstract: The risks associated with the widespread use of genetically modified crops in agriculture need to be assessed in detail and minimized, including by legal means. The world is divided into two camps regarding the attitude to the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops. In many countries, including the EU and the Russian Federation, it is prohibited by law. Such prohibitions are based on the precautionary principle in the widespread use of genetically modified crops due to insufficient knowledge of its consequences. The legal regulation of the risk management of the use of GMOs has been developed at the international level, for example, in the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, to which the Russian Federation has not yet joined, but plans based on the tasks set out in the strategic planning documents. The legal regulation of the quality and safety of agricultural products in China is carried out in accordance with the law adopted in 2006. The Law on the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products regulating the issues of its production, as well as the implementation of state management and supervision of its quality and safety. The system for monitoring the risks of quality and safety of agricultural products in China is being established on an interdisciplinary basis. However, the issue of long-term security remains open. The existing approach in the Russian Federation to introduce a moratorium on the commercial use of genetically modified organisms is appropriate as long as the tasks of ensuring the country's food security can be solved by other methods and means. However, in order to prevent the lag of Russian science and technology in the field under consideration, the state should pay increased attention to their development and allocate sufficient funding, provided that strict state control is exercised over ensuring the safety of ongoing research.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2020.1.33298

Abstract: The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of the use of genetically modified organisms in the process of agricultural production in the European Union.The solution to the problems of agricultural production intensification is primarily possible through the use of new modern intensive technologies of crop production, animal husbandry and fisheries, which are also developed on the basis of the latest achievements of the biotechnological industry. One of the directions of intensification of agricultural production is the use of genetically modified crops, which allows increasing the profitability of growing plants, ensuring their increased resistance to negative climatic conditions, pathogens of infectious diseases, etc. The possibility of using such technologies is related to the need to assess their potential risk to the environment and human health.For almost 20 years, the European Union has had a fairly developed system of regulations governing various aspects of the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture. However, their commercial use in the European Union for various reasons (complexity of administration, negative attitude in society, etc.) has not become widespread over time, and in most member States has now been banned. Taking into account the European experience, the author concludes that it is necessary to use other methods to intensify agricultural production, and the ban on the commercial use of genetically modified organisms in food production is justified due to insufficient scientific data on their safety for human health and the environment