DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2017.4.26510

Abstract: The history and changes in some agrochemical properties of the soil as well as the product quality and yield indicators in the transition from the experience of "Stationary Shebantsevo № 5" to the modified experience of "Stationary Shebantsevo Modified № 5" are considered. Sampling was carried out for soil - in 1992, 2004, 2011, 2014, 2016, and 2017, for plant products - in 2013, 2016, and 2017. To realize the purpose of the study, it was necessary to study the interrelationships between the agrochemical properties of the soil, the indices of product quality and yield, and also the content of certain microemoietic substances in raw materials. Instrumental laboratory ((infrared spectrometry, atomic-absorption photometry, flame spectrophotometry) and statistical analysis methods (Statistica 13.3) were used. The analysis of archival soil samples and plant raw materials provided by the Department of Long-Term Experiments of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry was carried out. In the process of studying the aftereffect of high doses of the organo-mineral fertilizer system and after the renewal of a long field experiment (with continuing and teachings aftereffect and the resumption of mineral fertilizers) allowed to outline the dynamics of changes of soil agrochemical indicators and the dynamics of change of indicators of quality of production and productivity ("Stationary Shebantsevo Modified, No. 5").

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2017.4.26703

Abstract: The subject of the study is the formation and further development in Western European countries of central agrarian departments and amateur social organizations of the agrarian type, their interaction in resolving national agricultural problems. The author notes that the aggravated problems in the agrarian sector of the economy in the XIX century necessitated the establishment of a constructive dialogue between the authorities and civil society. Subjects of agrarian activity are considered in the example of Prussia, Austria and France, and their organizational and legal status is described.In the course of the research, historical and comparative methods were used, which allowed an analysis of the current agricultural management system in Western European countries.It is emphasized that the modernization of the agrarian sphere in the countries under consideration has contributed to strengthening the institutions of civil society. It is concluded that the Russian government has widely borrowed the agricultural experience of the countries of Western Europe in carrying out a national agrarian policy, oriented to cooperation and coherence of actions of state and public agricultural institutions.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2017.4.26011

Abstract: This research article is devoted to sustainable development of rural territories based on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod state agricultural academy with application of organic methodology. The possibilities of agrarian higher education institutions which are capable to offer the integrated approach which is harmoniously combining the theory and practice, synthesis of natural-science and humanitarian knowledge in the solution of problems of sustainable development of rural territories are considered. Experience of the Nizhny Novgorod state agricultural academy in implementation of the latest projects directed to preservation of the population of rural territories and involvement of youth in agrarian and industrial complex of Russia is analyzed. The question of preservation and development of complex knowledge of the organization of agricultural activity in the local territory is considered. In this connection formation of "traditional and innovative" model of agriculture of future Russia combining the latest technologies with centuries-old traditions of the organization of economic life of rural territories is offered. To analyze the sustainable development of rural territories, the author uses the methods from organic philosophy as well as typlogical and comparative analysis, synthesis and historico-philosophical reconstruction. The method of historico-philosophical reconstruction allows to view sustainable development from the point of view of the background of problem and various interpretations of it. The comparative analysis allows to compare different intellectual traditions and philosophical paradigms used in the analysis of sustainable development of rural territories (transnational and ethnic economic models). The scientific novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the author applies the organic philosophy methodology to ensuring sustainble development of Russia's rurl territories (based on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy). The organic philosophy paradigm brings forth the need in creative adaptation for robust econmic activity. Creativity brings spontaneity and plasticity into economy that contributes to sustainble development of all spheres of social life. Sustainable development of rural territories is an integral phenomenon which interpretation requires a complex approach that would take into account the singularity of ethnic economic models. 

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2017.4.26797

Abstract: The subject of the study is the ways to increase the efficiency of transport vehicle and traction vehicle with dual wheels in different modes of operation (transport, working, traction). The object of the study is the system of twin wheels with the ability to adjust the area of contact with the soil for operation in different operating modes. The state of the soil in the process of its re-consolidation by the running part of mobile agricultural machinery clearly indicates a close correlation between the change in the mechanical, technological, biological, chemical, morphological properties and economic indicators of the soil state, and, consequently, the level of environmental safety of used mobile agricultural machinery, including the composition of soil cultivating units. The research methodology is based on analysis and synthesis, generalization of practical experience, graphic representation of the information received. The urgency of the study is determined by the need to ensure environmental safety, soil conservation, increase the fertility of agricultural land in the modern world. The scientific novelty is that the use of dual wheel systems with the ability to adjust the contact area with the soil for operation in different operating modes will make it possible to abandon the use of expensive caterpillar thrusters.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2017.4.26906

Abstract: In modern conditions of global geopolitical instability and economic sanctions, the mechanism of state procurement and commodity interventions in Russia is not an effective tool for regulating the grain market. The subject of the research is the state policy in the field of development of agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals for improving the mechanisms of regulation of the grain market. The object of the study is the direction and mechanisms of agricultural policy of modern Russia.The study focuses on the analysis of the main shortcomings of the current mechanism of regulation of the Russian grain market, and offers a completely new alternative models to maintain the profitability of agricultural producers.The paper uses theoretical and empirical methods, in particular: literature review, logical, statistical and expert assessments, methods of empirical data collection, system analysis, description and processing of research results.The main results of the study are the following provisions. The author proposes the use of alternative models to maintain the level of income of agricultural producers in order to reduce the costs of the Federal budget and improve the efficiency of this mechanism, within the framework of which an effective institution can be created that regulates the grain market on the principles of public-private partnership – grain commodity-credit corporation. Performing such functions as warehouse receipt and purchase of grain, commodity-credit corporation will receive benefits from the state. At the same time, elimination of the excess of grain in the Russian Federation constituents (the grain that is left after the other part of the grain has been exported) by granting subsidy for transportation rates and thus raising competitive ability of aforesaid product will stabilize prices for grain on the internal market and create the basis for extending the grain export.