DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39114

EDN: ALNLCB

Abstract: The problem of determining the measure of criminal punishment has always worried the general public. It is the measure of punishment that largely determines the effectiveness of the system of legal regulation of relations in society, the normative rules of the hostel and mutual influence. In such a process, territorial, social, professional, cultural, ethnic and other characteristics of the population of our country are of decisive importance. In the minds of every person, in the process of legal socialization, their own ideas about the norms of criminal punishment are formed. The study of the psychological parameters of the subjective perception of the norms of criminal punishment, through the determination of the limits of their humanization, seems to be an interesting and important task of studying the designated problem. The object of the study is the residents of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, the subject is the subjective perception of the norms of criminal law and the processes of humanization of criminal punishment. Data were obtained on differences in subjective perceptions of the norms of criminal punishment and the limits of their humanization. Statistically significant differences are determined by gender, age, national-ethnic groups of respondents. The regularity of differently directed values of the limits of criminal punishment by age groups is revealed.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39260

EDN: MUWVMC

Abstract: Criteria of personal resources are proposed: 1) a person can manage them, 2) they are complementary to everyday life, 3) there is evidence of their effectiveness in the literature. Thirteen personal resources have been identified. The test subjects are men from 36 to 60 years old, women from 36 to 55 years old. Methods: assessment of biological age in terms of health indicators, questionnaire of personal resources, methods for assessing individuality. An analysis of variance was carried out, and automatic neural networks were also used (“regression” method). Results. For women, the most effective resources are: achievements, communication, kindness, needlework, intelligence, sports, creativity, spirituality and humor, and for men, sports, needlework, kindness. The influence of other resources depends on the frequency of use. There is a U - shaped dependence (creativity and spirituality in men), an inverse U - shaped dependence (order - in women), quasi-periodic dependences. 3 patterns were found: 1) The use of personal resources affects the aging index, generally lowering it; 2) For some resources, the aging index decreases with frequent use, rare use is ineffective, on the contrary, it can take up free time and distract a person from other activities; 3) For other resources, on the contrary, the aging index decreases with an average level of use, often ineffective, like a complete absence; 4) In women, the aging index is more influenced by general psychological personal resources, less often by typological features. In men, the aging index is more influenced by typological and individual characteristics.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39243

EDN: OZQVZC

Abstract: The object of the study is urban residents accustomed to noise, the subject is the effect of noise on their color associations with anthropologically significant concepts. The aim is to experimentally test the hypothesis that under the influence of noise, changes in the structure and density, frequency of colors with different chromatic characteristics (lightness, tone, saturation) will be observed in the system of color associations. The experiment involved 50 people (14 men and 36 women) aged 17 to 24 years (average age 19.71, SD=1.72). Their responses were compared with the results of a control group that participated in the same study earlier and was not exposed to the sound stimuli. The experiment palette included 27 color samples of the NCS natural color system. Participants were asked to compare color palette samples with 26 anthropologically significant concepts. The experiment showed noticeable transformations of the color association system under the influence of noise. We identified an increase in the occurrence of red color choices, as well as growth in the rating of blue, yellow, and achromatic white, black and gray. Color associations have become less diverse and have acquired a simpler structure. At the same time, the structure of color associations was not affected by the change of loudness: the patterns obtained under the influence of 60 Db (A) and 80 Db (A) were identical. The data obtained are important for understanding the cognitive mechanisms of color impact and establishing causal relationships between the parameters of color stimulation in the environment and its effect on an individual.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39465

EDN: WSDKNH

Abstract: The object of the study is verbal aggression, which is understood as a type of aggressive speech behavior, considered as an unecological way to relieve excessive psycho-emotional stress of a person swearing in a situation of stress or conflict while defending his point of view or position. The subject of the study is the personal qualities that form aggressive behavior, including verbal aggression in the professional activities of police officers. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of verbal aggression depending on gender, age, level of professional education of police officers, as well as to identify personal qualities that are most correlated with verbal aggression and influence the constructiveness index when choosing strategies to overcome stressful situations in professional activity. The scientific novelty lies in the differentiation of the goals of various types of aggressive speech behavior; consideration of verbal aggression in the professional activities of police officers both orally when communicating with a different contingent of citizens, and variations of verbal aggression in writing in Internet communications. As a result of the study, the goals of various types of verbal aggressive behavior were differentiated, including taking into account Internet communications; the highest level of verbal aggression was revealed in male police officers receiving their first higher legal education, belonging to the age category of 26-40 years; verbal aggression is more correlated with positive aggressiveness, irritability; the presence of verbal aggression reduces the index of constructiveness in resolving conflict situations.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.38751

EDN: UBHQUG

Abstract: The subject of the study was the subjects' connections reflecting the degree of similarity of the research topics of the founder (G.I. Chelpanov), subsequent leaders (K.N. Kornilov, A.B. Zalkind, V.N. Kolbanovsky), and leading employees of the Psychological Institute in 1913-1937. In the context of solving the problem of collective forms of development of domestic psychology, a slang analysis of the titles of their published psychological works was carried out. In order to take into account the semantic meanings, the quantitative analysis of the titles is supplemented by the results of a qualitative analysis of the subject and type of publications, the availability of reprints and biographical data of their authors, as well as the results of an event analysis of the social history of the development of Russian psychology in the first half of the twentieth century. The results obtained testify to the strength of the subject connections of the institute leaders and specific leading employees who supported them in the implementation of research programs and in the development of topical problems of psychological theory and practice; which determined the effectiveness of their joint scientific activities in the 1920s-1930s. The main topic that united scientists was general psychology, to a lesser extent pedagogical psychology. Due to the presence of subject connections, the Institute's staff made a significant collective contribution to the definition of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the psychology of behavior, consciousness and such mental processes as sensations, perception, memory, thinking, and speech; into the development of methods of psychological research: experimental, biographical, observation methods, testing, etc. The solution of the problems of pedagogical psychology, as well as other practice-oriented areas of psychology – developmental, social, special, labor psychology, etc., by the staff of the Institute was based on the tradition of organizing experimental research, laid down when the institute was founded by G.I. Chelpanov and determined the content of the subject relations of its leading scientists in the following decades.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39497

EDN: TGRQQV

Abstract: The object of the study is modern smartphone users, the subject is the influence of chromatic characteristics of touch buttons on the motivation. The purpose of the study was to experimentally test the hypothesis that various chromatic characteristics of buttons that a person sees on a touch screen (their brightness, tone, saturation) can act as visual triggers and have a noticeable effect on the motivation to touch them. The experiment involved 48 people with normal color vision (24 men and 24 women) aged 19 to 21 years. The color stimuli of the experiment were developed on the basis of the PCCS color system (Practical Color Coordinate System) and included 52 shades. The analysis evaluated the frequency of occurrence of (1) individual colors; (2) groups of colors; (3) colors of a certain tone; (4) the probability of choosing a certain color out of two. The frequency of occurrence was assessed using procedures and methods of visual statistics. To estimate the probability of choosing a certain shade from two, the method of associative rules was used. The analysis showed that the most motivating are the shades with high saturation of four tones – bright blue and yellow, green and red colors. Women are more motivated by red and red-purple shades, men – by yellow, orange, green and green-blue. At the same time, the strategy of choosing one shade out of two in a pair is more predictable for women than for men. The obtained data have a wide application potential. They can be used in the design of websites, web applications, interactive educational materials, as well as training programs for users with different socio-demographic characteristics.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39542

EDN: RUBKGY

Abstract: The article deals with the problem of the relationship of adult children to their parents. The study consisted of two parts. The purpose of the first part was to obtain the most complete picture of the possible aspects of the relationship of adult children to their parents without taking into account the prevailing options. The research method was a series of slightly structured interviews. With the help of a qualitative analysis of the conducted slightly structured interviews, generalized categories describing different aspects of the relationship of adult children to their parents are identified. Based on the data obtained, a questionnaire was compiled, which was used in the second part of the study. The questionnaire was filled out by 146 respondents. The results were analyzed using factor analysis. There are 8 factors that characterize the subjective perceptions of adult children about their attitude to their parents: the relationship of love and a sense of comfort; caring with problems of compliance with parental expectations; insults and claims; criticism; emphasizing the importance of relationships with grandparents; custody is down to parents; emotional dependence with separation problems, as well as the perception of parents as a model and a model. The novelty of this study was the development of a questionnaire using the method of a slightly structured interview, which made it possible to identify a number of significant aspects of these relationships when considering the relationship of adult children to their parents

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.38795

EDN: STLGFQ

Abstract: The textbook materialistic rejection of the study of the human soul in modern psychology has led to the loss of its primordial subject, which is replaced by a simplified concept of the Psyche (like the Soul) which is not subjected to strict definition. As a result, many facts of the manifestation of an integral soul and primordial spirituality are lost in the constructions of scientific psychology and has not been subjected to convincing conceptual interpretation. The living subject or "person with a soul" (“odushevlennyi” man) is irretrievably lost in numerous models and psychological schemes of personality. This article provides examples of common conceptual psychological simplifications and distortions that automatically lead to inevitable spiritual losses, which are especially expressive and are not allowed in all sections of applied psychology. Effective psychological work is carried out in practice not with individual mental processes, states or properties, but with the whole indivisible human soul. It is the real psychological practice that urgently requires a serious reorganization of scientific psychology, which should become purposefully spiritual and directly addressed to the living human soul. Certain scientific "reserves" in this direction have been already created in domestic science.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.38604

EDN: OLNDIO

Abstract: The article examines the problem of the relationship between self-esteem and the nature of relationships in the service team of employees of internal affairs bodies. The article contains not only theoretical, but also empirical analysis on this problem. The theoretical significance of the work is to highlight the features of self-assessment that affect the nature of relationships in the service staff of law enforcement officers. The experimental part of the study is aimed at verifying the findings. To do this, the following methods were used: the method of studying T.V. Dembo's self-esteem in the adaptation of S.Ya. Rubinstein, the method of "Personal differential", the questionnaire of self-attitude, the method of express diagnosis of SEC, sociometry. A comparative analysis of satisfaction with the state of the climate in the service team and sociometric statuses between law enforcement officers with different levels of self-esteem was carried out. The results of the study revealed the existence of a relationship between self-esteem and the nature of interpersonal relationships in the service staff of police officers. It was revealed that the level of socio-psychological climate is higher in those service groups in which subjects with an adequate level of self-esteem predominate.The data obtained can be used by the heads of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, territorial bodies, as well as psychologists who carry out their activities in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8701.2022.6.39086

EDN: OJNNVA

Abstract: The article reveals the actual problem of psychological formation of reliability as a professionally important quality of students - beginning specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. The authors reveal the content of the concepts of "responsibility" and "professional reliability" as necessary components of the professionally important qualities of an employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Studies on the problem of reliability and responsibility of law enforcement officers in the works of domestic and foreign scientists are considered in detail. The close connection between the success of the future specialist and his responsibility is revealed. It is noted that a qualitative solution to the problem of psychological support in the formation of responsibility allows for effective personnel management, to carry out the necessary assessment and training activities. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological training, which is part of the psychological support program in the formation of responsibility in the structure of professional reliability of the future specialist of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The hypothesis of the study is to verify the statement that training, as part of psychological support, can be an effective tool in the formation of professionally important qualities of a novice specialist. The empirical study was attended by 25 senior students of the Institute of Management and Integrated Security of the Academy of GPS of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. During this study, the methodology "Multidimensional-functional diagnostics of "responsibility" (OTV–70, author V.P. Pryadein) was used, as well as psychological training aimed at the formation of professionally important and personal qualities of a novice specialist.