DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2015.2.14193

Abstract: The paper discusses the problems that arise regarding the relationships between the brain and subjective experience. Can robots create in humans the illusion of subjective experiences? Is it really so that a person who is immersed in the world of artificially created subjective experience is unable to exit this world without assistance? What is better: enjoying life in the world of illusions, or struggling for life and happiness in the harsh world of true reality? The analysis has shown that even if the computer technologies of the future became dozens of times more powerful than modern technologies, we can’t expect that people with the help of computers, not to mention computers in their own right, would be able to create the authentic copy of subjective experiences. The reason is that subjective experience is a magical phenomenon. This phenomenon is given to a person, but it is not determined by physical causes. The versions of artificially created subjective experiences, such as hallucinations cased by illness or mental experiences caused by stimulation of brain cortex with electric charges or chemical compounds, are imitations of subjective experiences and not authentic subjective experience. During the altered states of consciousness, of shortly after, the person is sensing that these imitations are nothing more than illusions of reality. Novelty: For the first time the phenomenon of human subjectivity is being analyzed in the context of recent studies of magical thinking. Conclusions: (1) subjective experience is a magical, and not a physical phenomenon; (2) modern views on the structure of brain processes, computer and other cognitive models are derived from human subjective experiences; they can imitate subjective experiences (such as thinking, perception and feelings), but they are not identical with subjective experiences in their own right; (3) neuroscience and cybernetics will be creating increasingly more perfect interfaces between machines and subjective reality of consciousness, but there will always remain an insurmountable gap between physical processes and authentic subjective experience.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2015.2.14510

Abstract: The object of research is such psychological categories as aptitudes, gifts and talent. The matter under study is their influence on university educational process. Particular author’s attention is paid to the possibility of assessing and measuring aptitudes as well as their realization in human activity, which includes studies. High importance is given to the problem of developing aptitudes at university both by means of in-class and out-of-class activities The method of research in this article is analysis and comparison of interpretations of the given psychological phenomena as well as own experience of working with students, namely observation and talking to them. The principal author’s conclusions are the following statements. 1) Aptitudes are a potential condition for forming individual’s knowledge and skills. 2) Aptitudes do not guarantee success as they must be realized in activity. 3) Assessing aptitudes is difficult as they do not imply a result, but an opportunity to achieve it under certain conditions. 4) Developing aptitudes is one of the objectives of higher education. The principal factors here are students’ interests, their motivation, methods and approaches to teaching and its organization.The novelty of the article consists in its applying the question of aptitudes, gifts and talent to the aspects of university education process. With its help not only aspects of teaching are revealed but difficulties as well especially in motivating students for studies.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2015.2.14268

Abstract: The article is a continuation of the study of night dreams as a kind of emanation of so-called "social subconscious". Having considered in a previous publication (NB: Psychology and Psychotechnics, 2014, ¹ 2) military segment of the "disciplinary dreams", the author goes on to analyze the reflection in dreams of realities of the post-Soviet student dormitory and of the entire complex of its disciplinary technologies. Researcher relies primarily on the Freud’s conclusion about the existence of a special class of typical dreams and on the ideas of K.G. Jung that dream not only contains traces of wish fulfillment, but rather reflects the fear or anxiety of the individual. The author shows that a significant part of dreams that reflects the realities of the post-Soviet student hostel, colored by fear and anxiety as dominant emotions of dreamers. However, the dream of many individuals shows a certain nostalgia for the period of life in the hostel. In a sense, the recordings of dreams in social networks are a kind of voices from the choir. And they are valuable precisely because they are not always distinguishable as separate voice and sometimes merge into a general roar. That is, they are typical and express something more than individual positions and personal aberrations of these positions.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2015.2.14907

Abstract: In modern terms psychology and her practical realization appear, by how hardly not only science to that looks are turned in search of answer for the pressing questions of today and determination of the practical operating under an exit from crisis situations. At the same time practical psychology today yet is not a perfect enough instrument for the decision of issues of the day of man and society on the whole. In a great deal it is explained by a variety and ambiguousness of the base terms and concepts, used in practical psychology, that not only complicates the professional mutual relations of psychologists but also puts under doubts in a number of cases semantic interpretation of activity of practical psychologist and very often distorts essence and specific of profession in public consciousness. In the article offered and base concepts and terms of practical psychology, that, not denying all numerous theoretical works in psychology, create compatible, are reasonable in theory increases of her efficiency and to the height of social meaningfulness, that it is extremely necessary in the conditions of growth of the crisis phenomena in modern society. In-process set forth and such base concepts and terms of practical psychology, as determination of psychology, as sciences, concept of personality, interpretation of psychical processes and their classification, are reasonable in theory.The scientific novelty of the article consists in the acceptable to all schools and directions unitization of base concepts and terms of practical psychology. To the base concepts and terms we attributed determination of psychology, as sciences, concept of personality, interpretation of psychical processes and their classification. Generalizing material, we offer the next theoretical ground of the indicated terms and concepts for practical psychology:Psychology is science about psychical processes and behavior of man, as personality.Personality is a man, as carrier of creative consciousness. A psychical process is certain odnonapravlennoe property of consciousness. Classification of psychical processes :1. Intellectual psychical processes.2. Emotional psychical processes.3. Functional psychical processes.4. Spiritual psychical processes.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-8701.2015.2.14666

Abstract: The object of research in this article is professional psychological and pedagogical activity. The matter of study is professional pedagogue’s reflection in it. The author deeply analyzes Russian scholars’ views and ideas of the structure of psychological and pedagogical activity and suggests reflection as one of its key components. Particular attention is paid to contents of pedagogue’s reflection, its mechanism and role in forming psychological and pedagogical skills.The method of research in this article is analysis of existing approaches and interpretations of the structure pedagogue’s activity and the contents of his reflection.The mail author’s conclusions come down to the idea that within any interpretation of the structure of pedagogue’s activity it cannot be effective without reflecting pedagogical process and his own experience in his consciousness, which is one of conditions of his professional and personal development. The novelty of this article is determined by its viewing professional reflection through the prism of variety of views and ideas of the structure of pedagogue’s activity and his professional and personal growth.