DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.22715

Abstract: The urgency of the topic is undoubtful due to the fast growth of terrorist activity in Russia and abroad in the recent years tending to become a global threat. The research subject is the bulk of scientific publications, normative acts and judicial practice reflecting the characteristics of terrorist crime on air transport and the measures of its prevention. The author attempts at characterizing the set of theoretical and practical problems connected with anti-terrorist measures implementation and improvement on air transport. The author uses the set of general scientific research methods including comparison, analysis, synthesis, along with the formal-logical, comparative-legal and other specific methods including historical and statistical. The main part of the research is devoted to the criminological characteristic of security provision in airports and the use of technical equipment. The author characterizes the public danger of terrorist crimes, reveals the legal framework of this phenomenon, studies the existing aviation security systems, and defines the range of problems of their use. The author concludes that aviation security doesn’t exist independently, it is fulfilled by means of particular measures. While most scholars pay special attention to the problem of passengers control, the author believes that any airport staff member has an opportunity to commit terrorist attack. The author concludes that at the present time, though with significant difficulties, the scientific ideas about terrorism prevention on air transport are being realized in law enforcement practice by means of control strengthening and the development of organizational anti-terrorist measures. The author analyzes airport security systems, detects their weak points and offers the ways to solve the problems using technical means. Practical importance of the study consists in the fact that the proposed recommendations can be used in information and analytical materials, in system organization and management work aimed at combating terrorism on air transport. 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.23194

Abstract: The urgency of the study is determined by the growth of popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (drones). Their use for military purposes causes certain problems, since one of the elements of the system of such an aircraft is a human-operator. The countries, which have been using such mechanisms for a long time, have significant experience of drones’ operators training, particular, the moral, ethical, and psychological problems they face. Therefore, it is necessary to consider this experience in relation to the growing role of UAVs and other remotely piloted aircrafts in Russia’s conditions. The research object is the materials of open foreign sources and special researches describing the conditions of work of officers-operators of UAVs of the United States Armed Forces. The research subject is the factors, which have negative impact on the work of operators and hamper the realization of their missions, and the possibility of use of the experience of the members of American Armed Forces and military psychologists in Russia for the improvement of the security of operators’ work. The author uses general scientific methods, particularly, the methods of theoretical research, the elements of the system-functional and structural-functional approaches, the elements of the comparative-historical method and general philosophical methods. The analysis of journalistic and scientific materials, considering this problem, shows that the growth of use of UAVs and RPAs, and the growth of the number of operators, similar problems can appear in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Consequently, bearing in mind the foreign experience, it is necessary to be ready to solve similar problems in Russia. Training of operators should be aimed at their adaptation to unfavorable work conditions, and at the elimination of most unfavorable factors, which can lead to psycho-emotional disorders of operators, thus impairing the effectiveness and safety of their work. 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.21288

Abstract: The piece studies the modern processes of supplanting and substitution of national interests with the corporate interests of new political actors – transnational corporations in global politics, resulting in the conflicts of interests and values. The research object is global politics as a whole and political activities of non-state actors in particular. The research subject is the conflicts of interests and values arising in the result of supplanting and substitution of national interests with corporate ones in global politics. The purpose of the research is to find out the essence and the content of modern processes of supplanting of national interests from global politics and their substitution with corporate interests and values of TNCs. The research methodology is based on the system, institutional, structural-functional and comparative-political approaches, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and observation. The author focuses on the fact that in the result of the transformation of the global political system, caused by a massive “invasion” of TNCs in the political sphere, the national sovereignty principle can be substituted with the transnational interests’ balance principle, and international law – with corporate law extending its influence on the global political sphere. In this context, the growth of TNCs’ and the related groups’ interests in global politics can lead to the substitution of corporate interests of TNCs’ for national interests; it can cause further commercialization of global politics, supplanting of nation-states on its periphery, and indication of new challenges and threats to international security. 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.20815

Abstract: The research object is the new elements of modern conflicts connected with globalization and the development of technologies. The research subject is the paradigm of modern conflicts, whose transformation is caused by the tendency connected with the transition from the linear warfare model to the non-linear one, which is based on indirect asymmetric actions. The author considers the aspects of the topic connected with the intensive growth of the use of new strategies, based on the combination of military efforts with political, economic and information methods of influence on the opponent, which are used in the practice of modern conflicts to solve the problems, which have been previously solved mainly by military methods. Based on the comparative analysis of hybrid warfare and color revolutions, the author studies the cascade mechanism of strengthening based on the synergetic impact of hybrid warfare and color revolutions on a state, which is subject to aggression within a uniform operative project. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of hybrid warfare as a non-linear conflict model, based on the use of indirect asymmetric actions, and the impact of such peculiarities on the transformation of the paradigm. The research methodology is based on the system, structural-functional, comparative-political and military analysis, the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction. The author is one the first to attempt to reveal the impact of a non-linear character of hybrid warfare on the strategy and tactics of war, on prognostication and strategic planning. The author studies the concepts of “friction of war” and “lubrication” in relation to hybrid warfare. The author is one of the first to attempt to demonstrate the importance of the concept of “friction of war” for the understanding of hybrid warfare as a sphere of indefinite and unreliable reflection of this phenomenon in the model of war. The author is the first to build the hybrid warfare model reflecting the essential characteristics of a conflict, and to study the potential of combination of the strategies of hybrid warfare and color revolution within a single conflict strategy. The author concludes about the existence of a serious danger for the national interests and security of the Russian Federation coming from the growth of intensity of use of new strategies, based on the combination of military efforts with political, economic and information methods of influence on the opponent, which are used in the practice of modern conflicts to solve the problems, which have been previously solved mainly by military methods. In the context of the problem of Russia’s national security provision, the author demonstrates the necessity to develop a new strategical approach, which would be based on the wide use of adaptive political technologies in the socio-economic and cultural spheres; to improve the potential of military forces and other law enforcement agencies with account for the peculiarities of such conflicts, the appropriate transformation of the national and international normative framework. The author formulates the proposals about the provision of Russia’s national interests and national security in the context of transformation of the modern conflicts paradigm.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.21679

Abstract: The author analyzes the problem of security in the context of interdisciplinary global studies and the sustainable development concept. The paper considers the problems of interconnection between security and development and the formation of a unified methodology of their researching in the context of extensive interpretation of the problem and the concept of security. The author demonstrates that the sustainable development concept unites preservation (security) and transformation (progressive development) of civilization in a single system in the context of preservation of the environment. Sustainable development in a broad sense is understood as the safest, non-regressive type of evolution, which eliminates or decreases any negative impacts on civilization and biosphere for the purpose of their preservation. The author uses general scientific methods including the complex-interdisciplinary, evolutional-historical and system-global approaches, the methods of conceptual modeling and the studies of the future, particularly, the futurological approach oriented on the research and targeted prognostication of the dynamics of the object under study. The author notes that in the future global world, sustainable development and security will be maintained mainly not by means of protection, but via this type of safe development, thus promoting the establishment of positive and elimination of negative tendencies of global development. The paper considers the theory of securitization, developed within the Copenhagen School of international relations. The author forecasts the formation of two integrative fields of scientific knowledge; one of them will get a global prefix (global securitology) and another will become an interdisciplinary section of global studies (securitological global studies). 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.22671

Abstract: The research object is a terrorist’s mind. The research subject is the basic socio-psychological universals, which, in the author’s opinion, are typical for the members of contemporary terrorist organizations. The results of Russian and foreign research in the sphere of analysis of terrorist activity demonstrate the ambiguity of interpretation of the motives of a contemporary terrorist. The purpose of the study is to analyze the methodological approaches to socio-psychological traits of a terrorist’s personality, synthesize the acquired results, and generalize, classify and unify them. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of cognition: analysis and synthesis, the comparative and system methods. Special attention is given to the analysis of the materials of judicial and investigational practice and the polysemantic approaches to the cognition of the criminal psychology of terrorist nature. The author outlines and classifies social and psychological universals, which, in the author’s opinion, can be typical for the majority of individuals involved in terrorist organizations in Russia and abroad. Practical importance of the study consists in the provision of anti-terrorist agencies with new scientific data about the socio-psychological sphere of terrorism. 

DOI: 10.25136/2409-7543.2017.3.21638

Abstract: The research subject is security myths considered as an element of political consciousness of an individual or a society. Security myths are understood as a subject-specified type of mythological material, which, due to its pre-reflective reasonability, guarantees uncritical assumption of values, strategies and tactics in the sphere of security. The purpose of the study is to substantiate security myths as an essential element of political consciousness, constantly reproducing conventional truths in the sphere of security, but easily adapted to the modern conditions of its provision. The authors use theoretical analysis of the problem, including the logical procedures of analysis and synthesis, specification and generalization. The authors extrapolate general provisions, which reveal the nature of the phenomena of security and myth, on the problem field created in the process of security myths studying. The authors substantiate the necessity to consider security myths as an element of political consciousness, and formulate the introduction and the essential characteristic of the set of functions (information, orientation, identification, compensation, manipulation, and mobilization) realized by the phenomenon. Theoretical constructs and generalizations can serve as a basis for applied research revealing the peculiarities of security myths in political consciousness of various types of subjects. The authors introduce a security myth category into the development of a problem field of political psychology, and substantiate its fundamental positions as an element of political consciousness. The authors conclude about the possibility to introduce a mythological problematic into the research field of political psychology.