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Genesis: Historical research
Reference:

The establishment of fire service training in Baikal Region during the 1960s – 1980s

Vasil'ev Mikhail Aleksandrovich

Senior Lecturer at the Department of Special Training of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

664074, Russia, Irkutskaya oblast', g. Irkutsk, ul. Lermontova, 110

vip.medved1983@list.ru
Other publications by this author
 

 

DOI:

10.25136/2409-868X.2022.1.37172

Received:

22-12-2021


Published:

20-01-2022


Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of establishment of educational institutions of fire service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR over the period from 1960 to1980 in the territory of Baikal Region. The article provides a brief analysis on the transformation of structural units of instructional training, as well as on the role and list of heads of academic divisions at the stage of establishment and development of Irkutsk Fire Service-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, as well as Irkutsk branch of the Higher Engineering Fire Service-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Research methodology employs a specific historical approach (M. V. Astakhov, I. D. Kovalchenko, V. F. Kolomiytsev, A. P. Pronstein, etc.), as well as summary, comparison, synthesis, classification, concretization; analysis of archival documents, legislation and scientific literature; retrospective analysis; and method of historical analogies. The scientific novelty consists in detection and generalization of the historical sources and archival data that contain detailed information on the establishment and development of the structure of academic divisions in fire service training schools of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. The presented material are relevant for wide audience, since the study of academic, structural-organizational and service activity in the fire service educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is crucial for tracing the establishment and development of the system of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the territory of Baikal Region in the XX century.


Keywords:

educational process, historical aspect, curriculum, scientific potential, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, special education, fire safety, training of personnel, educational department, training cycle

This article is automatically translated. You can find original text of the article here.

The subject of the study of the emergence and development of the system of professional fire education in the Irkutsk region, mostly concerns the period 1960-1980. This time period is due to the formation of secondary and higher educational institutions of the fire protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on the territory of the Irkutsk region. These educational institutions were the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, formed in 1968, as well as the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, formed in 1978 [4, p. 23].

It is important to note that the study of the topics of the emergence and development of professional fire education in the Baikal region is dictated by the desire to generalize and systematize the evolutionary stages of the development of departmental education in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In this case, the author of the scientific article tried to identify and study the main historical elements of the development of fire education in the Baikal region during this period, as well as the role of the personality of the leader in the development of these historical and educational processes.

In turn , when conducting scientific research , the study of the scientific works of the following authors is of particular interest:

- V.V. Chernykh's monograph "The History of fire fighting in the Irkutsk region 1800-1990". In this monograph, the author examines in detail the formation and development of firefighting in the Irkutsk region. The activity of voluntary fire brigades is considered in detail, as well as the introduction of scientific and technological progress achievements into firefighting;

- The book by M.N. Agapitov, S.N. Chashchin "Fire fighting in the history of the development and development of Eastern Siberia 1661-1950". This popular science publication provides an in-depth analysis of the emergence and development of fire fighting in the territory of Eastern Siberia, and in the context of this scientific article can be considered as a historical foundation in the transformation and development of fire education in the Baikal region in the period 1960-1980. 

Also an important basis in the preparation of this scientific article is the archival fund of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The relevance of the appearance of such educational institutions on the territory of the Baikal region was an indicator of the intensive development of the economic and industrial potential not only of the territory of the Baikal region, but also of the entire Siberian and Far Eastern region, in the 1960s and 1980s. Such development required the training of highly professional specialists in the field of fire safety, taking into account the specifics of these regions [3, p. 6].  

An illustrative example confirming the above is the results of recruitment by applicants of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School in 1968. The recruitment regions were:

 Khabarovsk Krai, Kemerovo Oblast, Primorsky Krai, Amur Oblast, Altai Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Chita Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Irkutsk Oblast, Buryat ASSR, Omsk Oblast, Yakut ASSR, Tuva ASSR, Kamchatka Krai.

The number of applicants sent for admission to the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1968 amounted to 318 people.

Of these, 192 applicants were admitted [7, p. 35].

It should be noted that the approximate number of applicants arriving annually for admission in the period 1968 to 1992 was 320-330 people.

Such facts pointed to the demand for training specialists for the fire safety system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the Russian Federation.

It is noteworthy that the head of educational institutions created almost from scratch, such as the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1968 and the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in 1978, was Colonel of the internal service Alifanov Alexander Pavlovich.  The uniqueness of the activity of this leader lies in the fact that thanks to his energy and dedication in a short period, it was possible to create a powerful scientific and pedagogical potential. Alifanov Alexander Pavlovich, a colonel of the internal service, began his professional career after graduating from the Kharkov Fire Technical School of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1954. Then he served in various positions in the fire department of Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR. In 1961 he graduated  He graduated from the Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and served as a teacher, senior lecturer, head of the cycle of the Sverdlovsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. From March 1968 to April 1978, he was the first head of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, from April 1978 to May 1986 - Head of the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. He served in the internal affairs bodies for more than 40 calendar years. For his long service in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, he was awarded medals "For impeccable service of I, II, III degrees", "50 years of the Soviet Militia", "200 years of the Ministry of Internal Affairs", badges "Honored Worker of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR", "Best Fire protection Worker", "For excellent service in the Ministry of Internal Affairs", "For loyalty to duty" [1, p. 8].

The most important element in the activities of educated educational institutions was the acquisition of pedagogical personnel and the creation of the structure of pedagogical collectives [6, p. 55-58]. According to the author of the scientific article, this activity was one of the most difficult at the stage of formation of an educational organization. This was especially true of the stage of formation of the scientific and pedagogical staff of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, as a pioneer in the system of professional fire education in Eastern Siberia and the Far East [4, p.24].

In a short period of time from March to July 1968, the following training cycles were formed at the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR:

- Cycle of socio-political and socio-economic sciences;

- Cycle of fire prevention disciplines;

- Cycle of fire-technical disciplines;

- Cycle of fire and tactical disciplines;

- Cycle of military disciplines and physical education.

The heads of the training cycles for the period 1969-70, in the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were:

- Cycle of Socio-political and socio-economic sciences, Head L.I. Shcheklanov;

- Cycle of fire-prevention disciplines, head Captain N.A. Ilyenkov;

- Cycle of fire-technical disciplines, Chief Major B.V. Onosov;

- Cycle of military disciplines and physical education, head Captain V.A. Karpov;

- Cycle of fire-tactical disciplines, chief engineer-captain B.F. Bayda [7, p. 28-29].

Teaching activities were carried out by a common team of 36 employees [8, p. 19]. During the training of cadets, training methods were actively used, combining the study of the theoretical foundations of fire safety with their subsequent development in educational and practical activities. This situation was manifested in the fact that cadets on a permanent basis took over for service in the training fire department. At the same time, being in constant combat readiness, they took an active part in the elimination of fires and emergencies on the territory of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. It is important to note that such educational and practical training positively influenced the professional development of cadets, and in the future many graduates became major heads of fire departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the Russian Federation [5, p. 117].

A similar structure in the organization of educational and pedagogical activities of the school operated in the period from 1968 to 1993, until the inclusion of the fire school in the Irkutsk Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in the form of a fire-technical faculty.

Later, when the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was formed in 1978, the educational, pedagogical and material-technical base of the Irkutsk Fire-Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was the organizational basis for the formation of the newly created higher educational institution.

In the organization of educational and pedagogical activities at the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire and Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the principle of consistency was applied in the process of step-by-step acquisition of scientific and pedagogical personnel. Even before the stage of the first entrance exams in August 1978, educational departments were formed on the basis of the Irkutsk Faculty:

- Department of Social Disciplines, Head of the Department Candidate of Historical Sciences B.A. Prigornev;

- Department of Preventive Disciplines, Head of the Department, Colonel of Internal Service Ya.S. Kiselev;

- Department of Operational and Tactical Disciplines, Head of the Department, Lieutenant Colonel of the Internal Service G.I. Osipov.

- Department of General Scientific Disciplines, Head of the Department, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Major of Internal Service L.V. Uschapovsky.

- Department of General Engineering Disciplines, Head of the Department, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Major of Internal Service V.N. Konshin [9, pp. 21-23].

Structurally, the departments included: head of the department, deputy head of the department, professor, associate professor, senior lecturer, lecturer, head of the cabinet, laboratory assistant. The numerical composition of the department varied from 5 to 15 employees. These quantitative indicators in the recruitment of departments were fully formed during 1978-79. Teaching was conducted in 32 subjects [9, p. 27]. At the same time, the involvement of teachers from civil secondary and higher educational institutions of Irkutsk was actively used for teaching.

The educational and pedagogical activity of the Irkutsk branch was carried out in the period from 1978 to 1993, until it was incorporated into the Irkutsk Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in the form of the Faculty of Fire Safety.

It is important to note that over the years of educational activities, 15 representatives of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were awarded the medal "For Bravery in a fire":

- 1971 – liquidation of a forest fire in the Katanga district of the Irkutsk region

M.A. Derevskov – lieutenant, G.I. Zvorygin – cadet, S.N. Perelygin – cadet.

- 1976 – liquidation of a fire at the Rassokha railway station of the Irkutsk region

V.I. Davydenko – cadet, Yu.A. Melnikov – cadet.

- 1977 – liquidation of a fire at a cardboard and roofing material plant in Cheremkhovo, Irkutsk region

V.K. Maslyany – major, V.F. Vakhrushev – cadet.

- 1978 – the 60th anniversary of the fire department

I.I. Avilov – lieutenant colonel, B.F. Bayda – lieutenant colonel, S.S. Zyryanov – colonel.

- 1986 – liquidation of a forest fire in the Katanga district of the Irkutsk region

E.B. Kanaev – lieutenant colonel, V.M. Kosykh – major, N.E. Kapustin – captain, A.V. Ionov – cadet, A.A. Shless – cadet [1, p. 94].

It should be noted that over the years of educational activity, the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Irkutsk Faculty of the Higher Engineering Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs have trained about 8,500 specialists for practical fire protection units. Later, during the reorganization of educational institutions in 1993, these educational institutions became part of the Irkutsk Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as an engineering and technical faculty. This faculty carried out personnel training until 2013. Comparing the indicators of applicants entering the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, it is worth noting that the state order for training personnel for fire protection units in the second half of the 2000s began to decline rapidly. Thus, 259 specialists were trained full-time: in 2003 - 258 in 2004, 225 in 2005, 157 in 2006, 120 in 2007, 100 in 2008, 80 in 2009 [2, p. 487]. The last graduation of specialists of the Fire-Technical Faculty, specializing in engineers, at the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia took place on August 2, 2013. On this date, the 45-year era of training highly qualified personnel for fire protection units in the territory of the Baikal region ended.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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