Litera - rubric Character in literature

Abstract: Changes in the post-war Korean society are reflected in the Korean literature. There is an interesting opportunity to study the psychological portrait of the imperfect Korean in his time in the story of Chang Yong-hak «Myth about sangrip». The evolution of the protagonist of the Inhoo, as the image contrary to the traditional values of the Korean people, where respect for mother as a "Saint" as well as indisputable moral Canon. This Canon is recognized and broken by hero. The analysis of the story clarifies that the author's position that the basis of morality not a set of traditional laws and regulations of Korean society, but on the respect and understanding of other people's feelings, having reckon others more than your own. The methodology of the research involves the comparative analysis of the novel in context of the contemporaries of the writer. The image of a contradictory character, unconventional shows in the story by writer, suggests that distinguishes Chang Young-hak from modern Korean literature of the postwar period and helped to bring the story beyond the traditions.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.10.39046

Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of the last poem by the bright representative of the Silver Age of Russian poetry Sergey Yesenin. The poem "The Black Man" is not only and not so much the poet's confession before his death, but the result of the poet's work, the logical, albeit tragic, completion of his artistic and life searches. The article examines the key images and motifs of the Yesenin poem in trans-literary and trans-cultural aspects, including references to medieval mysticism, mediated by the Russian literary tradition of the XIX-early XX century. The reception of mystical experience in the artistic world of Yesenin takes place through a rethinking of the traditions of Orthodox spirituality, the European Christian worldview and the romantic picture of the world.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38624

Abstract: The subject of the analysis in this article is the play “The Lark” by the French playwright Jean Anouilh. This play is one of the most striking attempts of the French writer to draw the ideal of a person. The object of the study is the originality of the presentation of the image of Joan of Arc. Techniques and ways of creating a positive character in a dramatic work are being clarified. The author shows the transformation of the image of the main character in world literature. The author analyzes the originality of artistic solutions and the role of tradition in the structure of this tragedy. The scientific novelty of this article consists in the fact that the play "The Lark" was practically not subjected to serious analysis. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the originality of the image of the main character has put Jean Anouilh in front of a difficult problem of understanding the image not just as a national ideal, but also as a human ideal in general. The French playwright creates an original interpretation of the life and deeds of Joan of Arc. To do this, on the one hand, he turns to the tradition of the ancient Greek theater, essentially recreating the ancient choir on the stage, on the other hand, he actively uses discoveries in the field of literature of the twentieth century: violation of the chronotope, ambivalence of heroes, etc. A special contribution of the author to the study is the analysis of the image of Joan of Arc as a positive heroine of universal scale.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2021.3.35048

Abstract: The object of this research is the embodiment of the Orthodox anthropological ideal in the works of I. S. Shmelyov. Among multiple images of a righteous man described in the literature, I. S. Shmelyov in his works features “righteousness in the world”. Dilogy “Summer of the Lord” and “Pilgrimage” is selected as an example, namely the image of Gorkin as church-going person among others. His image reflects a peculiar worldview model that reconciles the contradictions of worldly and religious life, due to the dominant of Christocentrism — the uniform principle of an Orthodox person. Through the prism of soteriological attitudes, the author traces in the image of Gorkin the embodiment of the principles of Christian morality, love for the neighbor, and orientation towards the Prototype. The main conclusions consist in development of the original concept of a church-going person, which is based on the Orthodox understanding of human. The author distinguishes between the Orthodox and the abstract spiritual, which is essential for an adequate interpretation of the applied artistic method. Based on Shmelev's reference to the fundamentals of Orthodox anthropology, the interpretation of images suggests using the theological concepts and the elements of patristic teachings. A sequential, rather than fragmentary analysis, is carried out on a specific example of the image of Gorkin. The methodological novelty of such approach lies in the establishment of a profound axiological connection between fiction and Christian anthropology, which underlies the artistic uniqueness of Shmelev's works.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.39577

Abstract: The article presents an analysis of the concept of "yard" based on the material of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Yard". The problem of studying the logical and semantic content of the studied language unit is complicated by its multicomponent content, through which the author of the work forms the depth of the storyline. The concept "yard" functions mainly as a space reflecting the system of spiritual and moral values of Matryona Vasilyevna, her life priorities and principles: charity, mutual assistance, humility and modesty. In the work, the semantics of the concept "yard" is represented by two components – material and spiritual; as a semantic unity, the lexeme yard states the importance of concentrating spiritual life, the ability not to respond with rudeness to rudeness, to find strength to overcome difficulties. Matryona's yard is a reflection of the spiritual disposition of its mistress: it has lost its external splendor, has aged, faded and rotted in places, but is filled with an atmosphere of peace and silence. The main character of the story embodies the best features of patriarchal Russia, such important moral qualities as kindness, humanity, non-possessiveness. The master brings to the thoughtful reader the idea that Matryona, who gives herself to others without a trace, and "... is ... the very righteous man, without whom ... the village is not worth it. No city. Not the whole earth is ours."

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69259

Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation of characters with each other, their individual characteristics in the novel by Yakov Pavlovich Mayorov (pen name is Shketan) «Erener». The artistic significance of literary characters in revealing the ideological and thematic content of the work, its problems, ways of expressing their character are revealed. Such heroes as Evai Petr, Vanka Savelyev, Verush, Orina, Shamrai Shumat, Klavdia Algaeva, being in the center of the prose writer’s attention and having a firm character and strong will, are actively transform the artistic reality. Through actions, deeds performed, external and internal manifestations of the personality of the main character Evai Petyr, the author’s basic concept of peace and man in it is expressed. This large art canvas reflects the history, life, culture of the Mari people of the early 20th century; the spiritual appearance and character of the Soviet people. The writer managed to reveal the individual originality of the character traits of each hero of the work, psychologically subtly outline his inner world, thoughts and experiences. Revealing the fate of typical heroes of different social strata: the social formation of communists, rural intelligentsia, wealthier peasants and merchants, poor peasants who were the first to support Soviet regime, M. Shketan tells about the life of the Mari people in the period before the October Revolution of 1917, in the first decade of Soviet regime. The wide coverage of political, social problems and deep coverage of life processes in all their complexity and versatility, a vivid character system determined the artistic significance of the work. The main feature in the depiction of the novel’s characters is that their life is shown in a creative relationship: influencing each other, changing the social system, the way of life, they change the heroes themselves.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2018.2.26481

Abstract: This study is devoted to the problems of perception of drama of the second half of the XIX century. Russian Theater of 1850–1870s traditionally considered the theater of A. N. Ostrovsky. The object of the research is the “tendentious drama” by N. A. Chayev, one of the potential rivals of the great playwright. The aim of the work is to confirm the hypothesis put forward that Chayev (as, incidentally, other “dramatists of the Ostrovsky era”) had his own view on the development of the artistic form of the genre and really competed with an outstanding playwright. In work methods of cultural-historical and structural-typological directions of literary criticism are applied. The methodological basis of the study consists of the works of E. G. Kholodov, L. M. Lotman, and A. I. Zhuravleva. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the liberal-accusatory dramaturgy of Chaev and Ostrovsky, on the basis of which a peculiar rivalry between two dramatists in the area of the “tendentious drama” style is revealed. N. Chaev is trying to offer a different from A. Ostrovsky, an improved artistic form of a “tendentious” play. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the fact that this issue is being raised in the domestic literary criticism for the first time. The author’s special contribution consists, firstly, in the appeal to the works of N. A. Chayev, which is little studied, and secondly, in the development and deepening of the problem “A. N. Ostrovsky and N. A. Chaev.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38032

Abstract: The object of the study is the images of doctors in the works of A.P. Chekhov from the point of view of the dynamics of their personal qualities. The subject of the study is the nature of these changes, which in most cases are negative for the writer for the professional and personal level of the doctor. The purpose of the article is to describe the phenomenon of personal degradation of a doctor in the literature of A.P. Chekhov: the novels "Ionich", "Belated Flowers", the plays "Uncle Vanya", "Three Sisters". The study was conducted using descriptive, cultural-historical, historical-typological methods, which allowed a comprehensive approach to the problem under study and noted the various features of the personality of doctors in the writer's work in dynamics. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that the degradation of doctors in these works has been revealed. In the story "Ionich", the vulgar, philistine life slowly but inexorably sucks in the main character, Dr. Startsev. Toporkov in the "Flowers of the Belated" sought to get out of poverty, earn as much as possible, but he was powerless in front of greed and became indifferent to people. Astrov in "Uncle Vanya", under the influence of the surrounding county life, became indifferent to people, he does not love anyone, does not want anything. But at the same time, he plants forests, believes that they have a great beneficial effect on people's lives, he utters high words about a person. Abstract love for humanity and indifference to the people who are with him coexist in his soul. The philosophy of doctor Chebutykin in "Three Sisters" is of great importance for understanding the play. It is concluded that the degraded person in the works of A.P. Chekhov is usually a doctor, with the help of whose image the writer seeks to create a contrast between the noble mission of the doctor and his personality.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.10.38995

Abstract: The object of this study is ancient Chinese literature, and its subject is the depiction of female characters in the literary works of Ancient China. The following research methods were chosen: meaningful analysis of specific female images in ancient Chinese literature; a comparative analysis of the typical characters of female characters, a comparative historical analysis of the images of women in literary works of various periods in the development of Ancient China, a historical analysis of the influence of literary works on the formation of female self-awareness. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is an analysis of female images in the literature of Ancient China from various points of view: in terms of historical development, terms of typical characters, and in terms of influence on modern women. Based on the results of the work done, the following conclusions are drawn: female images in Chinese literature have rapidly transformed as Chinese society has developed. The courageous and determined characters of literature have helped real Chinese females to boost their self-confidence to start fighting for their rights.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69352

Abstract: The subject of the study is the representation of the concept of the "way" in the novel by A. A. Fadeev "The Rout". The purpose of the work is to describe the representations of the concept of "way" as a real space in the novel and as a metaphor for the changes of its characters. The space category reflects the topographical features of the Far East, helping to trace the path of the detachment in the coordinates of space through the point of view of the protagonist. The spatial frame of the narrative is built with the help of specific subject words and toponyms, which mainly represent the remote countryside and the physical geography of the Far East. The attributes that form the natural space in the novel correspond to the negative emotional changes of the characters, revealing the inherent cruelty of the Civil War. When expressing this type of spatial relationship, it is the verb that plays the dominant role, which is based on the separation according to the static/dynamic manifestation of locative semantics, at the same time, verbs of displacement significantly surpass verbs of position. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the method of linguistic description, the method of contextual analysis, and the method of semantic analysis. The text space, as an important part of the content of the novel, depicts fragments of reality, and through the spatial concept of the "way" builds a general spatial picture of the world. The concept of "way" in a metaphorical sense is a subconcept of the concept of "Civil War", in accordance with this, the results of this work enrich the figurative zone of the concept of "Civil War". An analytical algorithm for the study of text space can be applied to the spatial analysis of similar works of art. The result of the study was the conclusion that the "way" is one of the central concepts of the novel. The concept of "way" has a negative connotation, suffering occurs in the process of the detachment's retreat. In addition, A. Fadeev includes spiritual trials in the path of the revolutionary hero, the character completes internal changes in the affirmation of socialist values in external crises and complex character relationships.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2019.4.30219

Abstract: The matter under reseach is the development of the concept character as an autonomous hero of action and narration subject in philosophical novels written by Colin Wilson, William Golding and Iris Murdoch. The author of the article has developed the topic based on historico-literary prerequisites and targets of creative writing of the period under study. The researcher extends the contextual scope of the research in order to clarify classical traditions and new trends in a writer's conveyance of a message and at the same time preservation of an independent status of a literary hero. The researcher studies solutions used by aforesaid writers using the method of system modelling a typological paradigm of their philosophical novels which allows to trace back evolution of characters at different levels of a consolidated polymodel. The main conclusion of the research is that the concept of developing a positive image of a hero in a British philosophical novel is based on the immanent principle of evolutionary process. Discursive analysis of the use of this principle explains how gifts of heroes for creative activity shows itself as heroes achieve their life goals. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the researcher discovers a direct correlation between a hero's mind horizons and epic prospect of a hero's artistic world, the latter presenting a full and true picture of the reality.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.68858

Abstract: The article examines the features of Byronism in Raskolnikov's - one of Dostoevsky's characters. Based on the analysis of the works of Byron and his characters, an attempt is made to generalize the main features of this type of characteristic of the Byronic hero. Through comparison with the "Byronic heroes" and their inner world, Raskolnikov's character is analyzed more concretely and accurately. At the same time, the images of heroes of different historical periods, different nationalities and different literary trends are compared, similarities and differences between them are analyzed. Based on the comparison, an attempt is made to identify and generalize the Byronic features present in Raskolnikov's character. The comparative-historical approach, methods of generalization, interpretation of the results were used in the study. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that in the course of the work, the features of Raskolnikov's image were revealed in the aspect of such a literary trend as romanticism. The author also analyzes the reception of Byronic heroes in Russian literature. The main conclusion of the study is that Raskolnikov, although he appears in Dostoevsky's work as a realistic character, may well be considered as the successor of the Byronic hero. The results of the research contribute to the study of Raskolnikov's image in all its complexity. In addition, the conclusions of the article can also be used in the study of Dostoevsky's literary and philosophical position as a whole.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.40524

Abstract: The article examines the evolution of female images and suggests the continuation of the conversation about the study of the social portrait of women in A.N. Ostrovsky's dramaturgy. The growing interest in the study of female characters is the most important direction in modern Russian literature. The object of the study is the dramatist's plays written in different periods of creative activity. The purpose of this work is to identify the transformation of the way of thinking and family life of a Russian woman against the background of gradual social development in the XIX century. To achieve this goal, the work uses cultural-historical and comparative methods, the method of analysis and generalization. As a result of the conducted research, the types of female characters were identified as, victim, moralist, ideologue, fighter, Protestant and educated woman. The analysis showed that A.N. Ostrovsky is the creator of versatile characters of Russian women, who are distinguished by an exceptional moral appearance and spiritual purity. The conclusions can be used in subsequent analyses devoted to the Russian literature of the XIX century, the dramaturgy of A.N. Ostrovsky, gender studies. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the socio-psychological and spiritual characteristics of female images are revealed, as well as the factors that most influence the formation of personality and the predestination of fate.