DOI: 10.25136/2409-7136.2017.10.20432

Abstract: The article considers the process of formation of the elements of a new collective (public) experience, which in Ancient Greek traditions was called “policy”, and the reflection of this process in Greek tragedies. Greek tragedies reflected the situation of conflict in a homogenous social group. It resulted from the confrontation of public and private interest. Tragedies documented the limitedness of positive experience. Conflicts originated from the decisions the heroes had made in the context of misleading information. Such socio-political conflicts led to inevitable death of heroes. The research is based on the scientific methods of hermeneutical analysis, the historical method, the method of intellectual experiment and transcendent analysis. The author concludes that tragedies demonstrated the hopelessness of solving problems using traditional means – orders and customs – and the need to define a stable (permanent) sphere of public interest. Tragedies were a prerequisite of political philosophy in Ancient Greece, they are full of political and legal sense. Tragedies defined the political philosophy agenda for Plato and Aristotle. 

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2015.12.1714

Abstract: The article is devoted to the issues of interrelation of processes of the modern classical science and the modern classical law (17th – 20th centuries) development. The author substantiates the idea that these two processes had been intersecting. Moreover, the classical law had borrowed principles and methods from the natural sciences of the Age of the Enlightenment and the modern period. This borrowing helped the thinkers formulate the notion of the state sovereignty in its contemporary meaning. The author of the article applies the methods of hermeneutical analysis, the comparative-legal method, the historical method and the method of transcendental analysis. The author concludes that the concept of the absolute legal sovereignty and the idea of the law as the precondition for the shortest way of achievement of social, economic and political goals by individuals are formulated on the base of the provisions of theoretical mechanics in the field of political and legal knowledge. The law is the means of obstacles eliminating.

DOI: 10.7256/2409-7136.2015.5.14278

Abstract: The article studies the issues connected with the development of a new concept of criminal law in the framework of Christian faith. The author draws attention to the fact that in the conditions of external opposition to Christianity, it has been able to survive and to spread its influence through the creation of a new security concept, which solves the problems of real threats to both the society and the individual. The author notes that on the early stages of development such religious concepts as "salvation", "sin", "redemption" had acquired legal content, and evil was understood as infliction of harm. The author uses the methods of historical interpretation of written sources, hermeneutical methods and the methods of understanding psychology aimed at reconstruction of the horizon of lifeworld of the early Christian culture. The main conclusion of the research is the idea that Christianity reorients interest from the collective security to the individual one, which is a fundamental distinction of Christian concept of security from all previous historical concepts. In other words, Christians insisted that individual security does not depend on the effectiveness of collective security measures, and if the mechanisms of individual security are not developed in the society, it is unpromising to hope for an effective collective security. 

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