DOI: 10.25136/2409-8744.2023.2.40016

Abstract: Russian Culture Day, celebrated in most of the countries of Russian emigration on the birthday of Alexander Pushkin, is the subject of the study. In the article, this celebration is considered not as a narrowly cultural event, but as a national holiday, that is, an event whose value is recognized by all members of the nation who, as spectators or participants, are involved in the celebrations. Special attention is paid to three key functions of the holiday: uniting, protecting young people from denationalization and maintaining a sense of collective dignity. Other functions are also considered, the most obvious of which are entertainment and educational, but these three influenced the formation of a special emigrant identity. It is demonstrated that despite the remaining differences, different political forces took part in the preparation and holding of the holiday. At the same time, the view of the historical significance of Russian culture and the role of Pushkin could differ, but the controversy remained within the framework of the holiday, which served as a platform for communication. Special attention is paid to the press and its influence on the formation and development of the Day of Russian Culture. The text notes that the Day of Russian Culture was a phenomenon of "white emigration", expressing its values and aspirations. This celebration existed and consolidated the "white" emigrant mythology, one of the key characteristics of which was the belief in a speedy return to their homeland, "liberated" from the Communists. The victory in the Second World War of the Soviet Union, led to the disappointment of emigrants in this idea. Also at the end of the 40s, the "second wave" got into emigration, which was very different in its abilities from its predecessors. These factors predetermined the fading and disappearance of such an important symbol of "white emigration" as the Day of Russian Culture.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2023.1.39838

Abstract: The subject of the study is the influence of the Romanov family on the formation, development and ideology of Russian extracurricular organizations in the first half of the XX century. The author also examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the symbolic significance of the Romanovs' membership in children's associations and the role of the institution of patronage of organizations in preserving imperial traditions in the emigration of the "first wave". The connection of the Grand Dukes with the youth movements of the Union of Musketeers and the Order of Crusaders, which were active in the second half of the 1920s - early 1930s in Harbin and in the exclusion zone of the Chinese–Eastern Railway, is also considered. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the broad formulation of the question: 5 organizations have been considered for 3 decades. As a result of the conducted research, it is concluded that the ruling dynasty had a great influence on the emergence of children's and youth organizations in the Russian Empire. Their creation began with the initiative of Nicholas II in 1908 . Subsequently, for many decades, members of the Romanov family were patrons and participants of various Russian children's movements. Many of these movements, in turn, have made monarchism an important component of their ideology. In addition to Nicholas II, before the revolution, the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna provided assistance in the development of the scout movement, the heir to the throne was an honorary scout, and his second cousin Georgy Konstantinovich was no longer an honorary, but a real scout of the Tsarskoye Selo detachment.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2022.7.38084

Abstract: Part of the image of Peter I in the historical memory of the people are his comrades in children's games – "funny". Thanks to them, the first emperor of Russia is strongly associated with youth associations. The subject of the study is how this part of the image of Peter the Great influenced the formation and development of youth movements in the Russian Empire and in the interwar Russian diaspora. Russian Russian Scouts (NORR), whose members worked with children in most of the countries of the Russian diaspora, as well as the senior wing of this organization, the Petrovsky Union, pay special attention to the organization of the Funny ones, created in the spring of 1909 in Bakhmut, and the National Organization of Russian Scouts (NORR), whose members worked with children in most of the countries of the Russian dispersion. The paper concludes that the appeal to the image of Peter the Great in the Russian Empire was logical, since there are no other children's organizations left in the historical memory of the Russian people except funny ones. And their connection with the Guards regiments only increased the prestige of this image. In emigration, the image of Peter the Great began to play a more significant role. Three factors contributed to this. Firstly, the general emigrant need for unifying symbols has grown. A.S. Pushkin became the main cultural symbol, while Peter I became the most compromising symbol of the statesman. Secondly, the struggle within Russian children's organizations played a role, within which funny ones became in demand again, as an alternative starting point for scouting. The third factor was the personal views of individual leaders of children's and youth organizations.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2021.2.35110

Abstract: The subject of this research is the history of development of the National Association of Russian Explorers (NORR) – one of the youth organizations of White émigré. NORR was founded in 1928, and in the 1930s became the largest emigrant youth organization. However, after the World War II it basically ceased its activity. The first members of NORR came from the Scout movement, founding their ideology on the criticism of parent organization. Nevertheless, it did not prevent them from borrowing the most effective methods of scouting and adapt them to their ideology. The ideology was based on the Russian nationalism of imperial type, patriotism and militarism. Peter the Great was selected as the symbol of all the ideas. Leaning on the wide variety of source, including the materials introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, the article examines the phenomenon of national upbringing in extracurricular organizations. The main conclusion consists in the thesis that the burst in popularity and subsequent decline of the National Association of Russian Explorers were associated namely with the national-patriotic component of upbringing, which was of crucial in the conditions of emigration. The fact that the leader of this association P. N. Bogdanovich, was able to offer a system of Russian national upbringing to general emigrant community was the key factor of its initial success. After World War II, NORR has lost many of its active members and winded down its activity; and the Russian Scouts implemented more national elements into their work, attracting patriotic youth. This brought the activity of NORR to an end.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0609.2021.1.35253

Abstract: The subject of this research is the celebration of the Day of Russian Culture in Harbin. This holiday was widely celebrated in most countries of emigration in the 1920s – 1930s; however, its popularity subsided after the World War II. An attempt is made to examine and analyze the arrangements for the Day of Russian Culture in the major center of White Russian émigrés in Northeast China – Harbin. For achieving the set goal, the author meticulously reviews all key aspects of the celebration: its preparation, main events for adults and children, release of festive publications. The article employs the previously known materials, such as the journal “The Day of Russian Culture” that published the reports of celebration and articles that better describe its essence; as well as introduces the new sources into the scientific discourse, such as materials from the State Archive of Khabarovsk Region, namely documents on the preparation and holding of the Day of Russian Culture. The conclusion is made that the festival was an important event for the Russian population of Harbin, united various emigrant communities, and contributed to preservation of the national culture in the conditions of separation from their homeland.