DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2021.2.36188

Abstract: The article considers the model of development of agricultural enterprises in Russia, proposed by the outstanding agricultural economist A.V. Chayanov. The authors demonstrate the relevance of A.V. Chayanov's ideas for solving modern problems of import substitution and ensuring food security facing domestic agriculture. It is argued that today the socio-economic model of agricultural enterprises in Russia, developed by A.V. Chayanov in the 1920s-1930s, is still extremely relevant and in demand. According to Chayanov, the core of such the model is a family labor-based peasant farm. The authors claim that A.V. Chayanov used a large factual material to prove that the way to increase the efficiency and innovative development of agriculture in Russia lies through the increase and strengthening of farms, their support at the government level, as well as their association into production and consumer cooperatives. A.V. Chayanov strongly opposed the nationalization of agricultural cooperatives, he warned that the state could not directly manage agricultural production. The state can and should create favorable conditions for the development of family labor-based peasant farms and agricultural cooperatives: improve the regulatory framework for agricultural activities, create social infrastructure in rural areas, regulate the taxation of peasant farms and agricultural cooperatives, regulate social and labor relations in agricultural production, implement targeted subsidies in lean years or in the event of emergency circumstances.

DOI: 10.7256/2453-8809.2021.1.36181

Abstract: The Institute of Organic Agriculture has outlined the prospects for an increase in organic products on the world market. Now its share is almost one percent. But these prospects were planned back in 2018, before the start of the coronavirus pandemic. At the moment, the increase in organic products of domestic origin is progressing at a rather slow pace. Such a prospect can be realized only with the effective support of the state for farmers and private farms, as well as the adoption of a regulatory framework for the development of organic products. The difficulty also lies in the fact that Russia's regions have a fairly moderate climate. The yields of agricultural products can not be called bad, but the transition to organic farming will significantly reduce the yield of products. Therefore, it is necessary to build up experience and organize training courses for farmers for the production of ecologically-friendly products. Currently, agriculture is based on a public-private partnership. But this system has certain shortcomings, such as corruption and inefficient management of the existing agricultural resources. Peasant (farmer) farms and personal subsidiary farms can rightfully be considered as a promising form of farming in rural areas. But large enterprises can also increase the volume of their products due to contractual relations with small businesses. This can also be cattle fattening, or poultry farming, when handing over finished products from farms and personal subsidiary farms. Moreover, farms and private subsidiary farms always need suppliers.