DOI: 10.7256/2454-0625.2023.12.69480

Abstract: The article is devoted to the embodiment of the image of the Yakut opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR Anegina Ilyina in the Yakuts visual arts and literature. For the first time, this article discusses issues related to the disclosure of the theme of an outstanding contemporary woman - famous figure of musical art as a carrier of creativity. The subject of the study is the image of a talented Yakut vocalist captured in the best works of fine art (L.M. Neofitoff, V.R. Vasilyeff, A.N. Ossipoff, L.D. Sleptsova) and literature (Semen Daniloff, E. Neimokhoff, I. Gogoleff, L. Popoff P. Kharitonoff). The object of the study is the work of Yakut artists and writers of the second half of the 20 - 21 centuries. For the first time, the article explores a previously unexplored aspect of their work.  The descriptive, comparative, iconographic, historical-biographical methods are applied, which allow us to reveal the topic most effectively. This image presents the ideas of female beauty and natural talent inherent in the national consciousness of the people, which indicates that in the 1960-1980 in the perception of the Yakut society traditional ideas based on the mythology and folklore of Sakha were quite strong and stable. Thanks to her natural talent, studying in the class of the People's Artist of the USSR, professor of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory N.L Dorliak A.E. Ilyina was able to take place as an outstanding master of Russian academic vocal performance and herself as a creative personality had a great influence on the creative inspiration of many writers, artists and the development of Yakut art in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in the second half of 20 centuries. This article is the first experience in studying of this scientific problem.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2023.12.69486

Abstract: The article is devoted to a previously unexplored problem - M.N. Zhirkov's study of the Yakut khomus, the study of which he undertook for the first time in the history of Yakut musical culture. The author of this article summarizes for the first time the aspects posed by the researcher about the Yakut khomus. The subject of research is the scientific views of M.N. Zhirkov about the Yakut musical instrument - the khomus. The object of study is the scientific heritage of the first Yakut composer and an outstanding musical figure. The main results of our research are the following theses. At the beginning of the twentieth century, there was an increase in interest in traditional musical instruments and their performing practices. This statement is also relevant in relation to the Yakut khomus, which in modern conditions is experiencing its revival and active introduction into musical and cultural turnover. The article uses a retrospective and historical-comparative, as well as a comprehensive research method, in which the khomus is considered as an integral part of the traditional, and now wider, musical culture of the Yakuts, taking into account the data available today from archaeology, ethnography, and history. M.N. Zhirkov is presented as the first researcher of the Yakut khomus and as the composer and founder of the national school of composition. In the fundamental work "Yakut folk Music", published only after almost half a century after author's death (a new edition of this study dates back to 2022, made in an edition preserving the style and position of M.N. Zhirkov from the standpoint of the historical time when the famous scientific work was created), its author for the first time turned his gaze to the issues of the origin, existence, and functioning of the khomus in the traditional musical culture of the Yakuts. The materials presented by him have not previously been generalized in the scientific literature and are of great interest to modern researchers of the Yakut Khomus.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2023.6.40720

Abstract: The subject of the study is the research work of M.N. Zhirkov, which became the first monographic study of the musical culture of the Yakuts. The object of the study is the problems of musicology first posed by the author of this study. The article discusses such aspects as the difficult fate of the manuscript of M.N. Zhirkov's research, which was unpublished for a long time, and at the first publication was not published in its full form, in addition, the experience of a new reprint of this work in the 9th volume of M.N. Zhirkov's "Collected Works". Special attention is paid to those areas of his work that at that time were in the circle of the most pressing theoretical problems of musical culture of the peoples of the former Soviet Union.   The main conclusions of the study are the author's generalizations of the fundamental results of M.N. Zhirkov's work, which at the time of writing this work were advanced not only in terms of the level of development of Russian musicology, but now look quite modern in their relevance and fundamental nature. A special contribution of the author to the topic under development is the analysis of those parts of the study that were not published in the first publication of 1981. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time attention is drawn to the original full text of the original version of the "Yakut folk Music" by M.N.Zhirkov. The article summarizes the author's experience of the new edition of this unique work.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2023.5.40663

Abstract: The article is devoted to an important area of scientific research related to the history and culture of Yakutia. Written monuments of historical and cultural heritage, along with material ones, occupy their permanent place. The solution to the problem of their preservation and interpretation is inextricably linked with publishing activities – modern technical capabilities increase its effectiveness. In the article we study the existing experience in this field by the example of the publication of Russian cursive sources of the XVII century about the history of Yakutia, as well as cultural heritage. The object of the study is the historical and cultural heritage of Yakutia. The subject of the study ate the samples in various forms. The research summarized the experience of publishing historical and cultural heritage monuments on the example of Russian cursive documents of the XVII century about Yakutia, as well as the works of the first Yakut composer M.N. Zhirkov. Since they are of great value as samples of archival documents reflecting regional specifics, we have carried out work to determine their historical significance for the culture of Yakutia. In this article, based on an assessment of the internal content of the collections considered as examples and the quality of their publication, recommendations have been developed to improve further work in this direction. Undoubtedly, further work should be continued to identify such written monuments that require special storage and interpretation, have great historical and cultural value for the Yakut people, as well as transfer to modern media of this information, taking into account the necessary publication rules. For the first time, the question of creating a pan-Yakut electronic database of written monuments of historical and cultural heritage of Yakutia was raised.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2023.4.38152

Abstract: The article is devoted to the emergence and development of Yakut cinema. The object of the study is the Yakut cinema as a phenomenon of national culture. The first appearance of film installations in the Yakut region at the beginning of the XX century is considered. Attention is drawn to the process of mass cinematography in Soviet times. In parallel, the inclusion of Yakut people in the creative process of participating in the first filming at All-Union film studios in the 1930s is traced. Attention is also drawn to the prominent role of the Yakutkino State Trust, which led the development of Yakut cinema. The author analyzes the reasons for the rapid development of Yakut cinema in the post-Soviet period, related to the appeal to the traditions of the Sakha people, the high level of development of theatrical art in Yakutia, artistic and aesthetic needs and spiritual demands of the audience. The article shows the role of "Sahafilm" in the history of Yakut cinema.   The characteristic features of the formation of genres of journalistic cinema, the change of repertoire in the early years of Soviet cinematography and during the Great Patriotic War are revealed. The characteristic features of the post-war reconstruction of the technical equipment and training of personnel of the Yakut cinema are outlined. The genre diversity of films shot during this and subsequent times is shown, when, along with documentaries, feature films also begin to be shot. The development of Yakut cinema is traced against the background of all-Union and all-Russian processes. The formation and development of the main institutions of Yakut cinematography, the growth of the skill of its figures are examined through famous films created by them. For the first time, three stages of the development of Yakut cinema have been identified - from the very beginning to the present day: from "silent cinema" to the birth of the national film industry.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2020.12.34736

Abstract: The article is devoted to the life and work of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin (1944-2013) in the context of the development of national composition schools of the East. The purpose of the study is to review the life and work of the Even composer P.M. Starostin. The object of the study is the professional musical art of the Even people, the subject of the study is the creative heritage of the first Even composer. The research is based on comparative and typological methods, taking into account the theoretical developments of Russian musicologists in the field of studying the patterns of development of young national composer schools (M.N. Drozhzhina, M.Y. Dubrovskaya, L.L. Pylneva, etc.). The main conclusions include the following. The formation of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin took place within the framework of the Yakut national School of composition. The main source of P.M. Starostin's creativity was the rich Even folklore: epic tales, ritual genres, song lyrics. The creative heritage of P.M. Starostin is distinguished by originality and genre originality: from large forms – operas and cantatas to chamber-vocal works and compositions for children. The geography of the spread of young national composer schools has advanced to the north-east of Russia, where the Yakut National Composer School is currently functioning quite actively. The Yakut National School of Composition is already becoming a new center itself, on the periphery of which the prerequisites for the formation of national composition schools of the small peoples of the North living in the Arctic zone are being formed. The experience of reviewing the work of the first Even composer P.M. Starostin, considered by us in the article, marks this process. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time data on the life and work of the Even composer P.M. Starostin are introduced into scientific circulation. Until now, his name has remained virtually unknown to musicology. Such a review is being conducted for the first time.

DOI: 10.7256/2454-0757.2020.11.32939

Abstract: The object of the research is the processing of Yakut folk songs stored in the fund of the first Yakut composer M.N. Zhirkov (1892-1951) in the National Library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The subject of the study is the manuscript "100 Yakut songs". Some of them were published in the collections "Sakha Yryalara" (1948) and "Yakut folk Songs" (1958). Special attention in the comparative aspect is paid to the already published samples, in particular, in the music collections of A.V. Scriabin and F.G. Kornilov. The article examines the internal content of the treatments of the songs included in the manuscript "100 Yakut songs", expert reviews, testimonies of contemporaries. The article for the first time raises the problem of co-authorship of tunes and completed treatments, some of which are folk tunes. Samples characterized by a developed melodic structure are considered as the result of the melodic creativity of amateur authors, as well as the impact of musical professionalism of the European type. As a result of the analysis of M.N. Zhirkov's handwritten heritage, it was found that many treatments of Yakut folk songs were performed by him in collaboration with Moscow composers G.I. Litinsky and G.G. Lobachev. Also, for the first time, a comparative analysis of the corpus of song treatments from M.N. Zhirkov's manuscript "100 Yakut songs", which is stored in the collections of the National Library of the RS (Ya), was carried out.

DOI: 10.25136/2409-868X.2020.5.32855

Abstract: This article is firs to discuss an early stage of origination of the regional cultural policy of Yakutia in the Russian Empire of the XVIII – early XX centuries. Emphasis is made on the regional community: the representatives of traditional cultures – peoples of Yakutia and representatives of Russian culture (service class, government officials, taxed estates). The subject of this research is the historical prerequisites of such policy in the region, as well as the government structures that realized its key trends. The research is carried out in the all-Russian context, namely the context of transformations that took place during the Governorate Reform of 1775, as well as further evolution of the local administrative authorities that carried out cultural policy in the region. The questions is raised on the dynamic development of cultural processes in this suburb of the Empire, where the traditional cultures influencing the representatives of Russian provincial community, simultaneously became familiarized with the cultural trends from Russia. Despite the previous perceptions on the cultural backwardness of Yakutia as an imperial suburb, the conclusion is made on the relatively successful actions of imperial authorities in this field.